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Articles 391 - 420 of 490
Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences
Improving Branch Prediction Accuracy Via Effective Source Information And Prediction Algorithms, Hongliang Gao
Improving Branch Prediction Accuracy Via Effective Source Information And Prediction Algorithms, Hongliang Gao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Modern superscalar processors rely on branch predictors to sustain a high instruction fetch throughput. Given the trend of deep pipelines and large instruction windows, a branch misprediction will incur a large performance penalty and result in a significant amount of energy wasted by the instructions along wrong paths. With their critical role in high performance processors, there has been extensive research on branch predictors to improve the prediction accuracy. Conceptually a dynamic branch prediction scheme includes three major components: a source, an information processor, and a predictor. Traditional works mainly focus on the algorithm for the predictor. In this dissertation, …
A Framework For Efficient Data Distribution In Peer-To-Peer Networks., Darshan Purandare
A Framework For Efficient Data Distribution In Peer-To-Peer Networks., Darshan Purandare
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Peer to Peer (P2P) models are based on user altruism, wherein a user shares its content with other users in the pool and it also has an interest in the content of the other nodes. Most P2P systems in their current form are not fair in terms of the content served by a peer and the service obtained from swarm. Most systems suffer from free rider's problem where many high uplink capacity peers contribute much more than they should while many others get a free ride for downloading the content. This leaves high capacity nodes with very little or no …
Real-Time Realistic Rendering Of Nature Scenes With Dynamic Lighting, Kevin Boulanger
Real-Time Realistic Rendering Of Nature Scenes With Dynamic Lighting, Kevin Boulanger
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Rendering of natural scenes has interested the scientific community for a long time due to its numerous applications. The targeted goal is to create images that are similar to what a viewer can see in real life with his/her eyes. The main obstacle is complexity: nature scenes from real life contain a huge number of small details that are hard to model, take a lot of time to render and require a huge amount of memory unavailable in current computers. This complexity mainly comes from geometry and lighting. The goal of our research is to overcome this complexity and to …
Taming Crowded Visual Scenes, Saad Ali
Taming Crowded Visual Scenes, Saad Ali
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Computer vision algorithms have played a pivotal role in commercial video surveillance systems for a number of years. However, a common weakness among these systems is their inability to handle crowded scenes. In this thesis, we have developed algorithms that overcome some of the challenges encountered in videos of crowded environments such as sporting events, religious festivals, parades, concerts, train stations, airports, and malls. We adopt a top-down approach by first performing a global-level analysis that locates dynamically distinct crowd regions within the video. This knowledge is then employed in the detection of abnormal behaviors and tracking of individual targets …
Automated Regression Testing Approach To Expansion And Refinement Of Speech Recognition Grammars, Raul Dookhoo
Automated Regression Testing Approach To Expansion And Refinement Of Speech Recognition Grammars, Raul Dookhoo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis describes an approach to automated regression testing for speech recognition grammars. A prototype Audio Regression Tester called ART has been developed using Microsoft's Speech API and C#. ART allows a user to perform any of three tasks: automatically generate a new XML-based grammar file from standardized SQL database entries, record and cross-reference audio files for use by an underlying speech recognition engine, and perform regression tests with the aid of an oracle grammar. ART takes as input a wave sound file containing speech and a newly created XML grammar file. It then simultaneously executes two tests: one with …
Alayzing The Effects Of Modularity On Search Spaces, Ozlem Garibay
Alayzing The Effects Of Modularity On Search Spaces, Ozlem Garibay
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
We are continuously challenged by ever increasing problem complexity and the need to develop algorithms that can solve complex problems and solve them within a reasonable amount of time. Modularity is thought to reduce problem complexity by decomposing large problems into smaller and less complex subproblems. In practice, introducing modularity into evolutionary algorithm representations appears to improve search performance; however, how and why modularity improves performance is not well understood. In this thesis, we seek to better understand the effects of modularity on search. In particular, what are the effects of module creation on the search space structure and how …
Vcluster: A Portable Virtual Computing Library For Cluster Computing, Hua Zhang
Vcluster: A Portable Virtual Computing Library For Cluster Computing, Hua Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Message passing has been the dominant parallel programming model in cluster computing, and libraries like Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Portable Virtual Machine (PVM) have proven their novelty and efficiency through numerous applications in diverse areas. However, as clusters of Symmetric Multi-Processor (SMP) and heterogeneous machines become popular, conventional message passing models must be adapted accordingly to support this new kind of clusters efficiently. In addition, Java programming language, with its features like object oriented architecture, platform independent bytecode, and native support for multithreading, makes it an alternative language for cluster computing. This research presents a new parallel programming model …
Semantic Video Retrieval Using High Level Context, Yusuf Aytar
Semantic Video Retrieval Using High Level Context, Yusuf Aytar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Video retrieval - searching and retrieving videos relevant to a user defined query - is one of the most popular topics in both real life applications and multimedia research. This thesis employs concepts from Natural Language Understanding in solving the video retrieval problem. Our main contribution is the utilization of the semantic word similarity measures for video retrieval through the trained concept detectors, and the visual co-occurrence relations between such concepts. We propose two methods for content-based retrieval of videos: (1) A method for retrieving a new concept (a concept which is not known to the system and no annotation …
Appearance-Driven Material Design, Mark Colbert
Appearance-Driven Material Design, Mark Colbert
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In the computer graphics production environment, artists often must tweak specific lighting and material parameters to match a mind's eye vision of the appearance of a 3D scene. However, the interaction between a material and a lighting environment is often too complex to cognitively predict without visualization. Therefore, artists operate in a design cycle, where they tweak the parameters, wait for a visualization, and repeat, seeking to obtain a desired look. We propose the use of appearance-driven material design. Here, artists directly design the appearance of reflected light for a specific view, surface point, and time. In this thesis, we …
Phase-Shifting Haar Wavelets For Image-Based Rendering Applications, Mais Alnasser
Phase-Shifting Haar Wavelets For Image-Based Rendering Applications, Mais Alnasser
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this thesis, we establish the underlying research background necessary for tackling the problem of phase-shifting in the wavelet transform domain. Solving this problem is the key to reducing the redundancy and huge storage requirement in Image-Based Rendering (IBR) applications, which utilize wavelets. Image-based methods for rendering of dynamic glossy objects do not truly scale to all possible frequencies and high sampling rates without trading storage, glossiness, or computational time, while varying both lighting and viewpoint. This is due to the fact that current approaches are limited to precomputed radiance transfer (PRT), which is prohibitively expensive in terms of memory …
Learning Geometry-Free Face Re-Lighting, Thomas Brendan Moore
Learning Geometry-Free Face Re-Lighting, Thomas Brendan Moore
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The accurate modeling of the variability of illumination in a class of images is a fundamental problem that occurs in many areas of computer vision and graphics. For instance, in computer vision there is the problem of facial recognition. Simply, one would hope to be able to identify a known face under any illumination. On the other hand, in graphics one could imagine a system that, given an image, the illumination model could be identified and then used to create new images. In this thesis we describe a method for learning the illumination model for a class of images. Once …
Optimizing The High Dynamic Range Imaging Pipeline, Ahmet Oguz Akyuz
Optimizing The High Dynamic Range Imaging Pipeline, Ahmet Oguz Akyuz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
High dynamic range (HDR) imaging is a rapidly growing field in computer graphics and image processing. It allows capture, storage, processing, and display of photographic information within a scene-referred framework. The HDR imaging pipeline consists of the major steps an HDR image is expected to go through from capture to display. It involves various techniques to create HDR images, pixel encodings and file formats for storage, tone mapping for display on conventional display devices and direct display on HDR capable screens. Each of these stages have important open problems, which need to be addressed for a smoother transition to an …
Studies Of A Quantum Scheduling Algorithm And On Quantum Error Correction, Feng Lu
Studies Of A Quantum Scheduling Algorithm And On Quantum Error Correction, Feng Lu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Quantum computation has been a rich field of study for decades because it promises possible spectacular advances, some of which may run counter to our classically rooted intuitions. At the same time, quantum computation is still in its infancy in both theoretical and practical areas. Efficient quantum algorithms are very limited in number and scope; no real breakthrough has yet been achieved in physical implementations. Grover's search algorithm can be applied to a wide range of problems; even problems not generally regarded as searching problems can be reformulated to take advantage of quantum parallelism and entanglement leading to algorithms which …
Image-Space Approach To Real-Time Realistic Rendering, Musawir Shah
Image-Space Approach To Real-Time Realistic Rendering, Musawir Shah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
One of the main goals of computer graphics is the fast synthesis of photorealistic image of virtual 3D scenes. The work presented in this thesis addresses this goal of speed and realism. In real-time realistic rendering, we encounter certain problems that are difficult to solve in the traditional 3-dimensional geometric space. We show that using an image-space approach can provide effective solutions to these problems. Unlike geometric space algorithms that operate on 3D primitives such as points, edges, and polygons, image-space algorithms operate on 2D snapshot images of the 3D geometric data. Operating in image-space effectively decouples the geometric complexity …
Behavior Of Variable-Length Genetic Algorithms Under Random Selection, Harold Stringer
Behavior Of Variable-Length Genetic Algorithms Under Random Selection, Harold Stringer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this work, we show how a variable-length genetic algorithm naturally evolves populations whose mean chromosome length grows shorter over time. A reduction in chromosome length occurs when selection is absent from the GA. Specifically, we divide the mating space into five distinct areas and provide a probabilistic and empirical analysis of the ability of matings in each area to produce children whose size is shorter than the parent generation's average size. Diversity of size within a GA's population is shown to be a necessary condition for a reduction in mean chromosome length to take place. We show how a …
Medium Access Control Protocols And Routing Algorithms For Wireless Sensor Networks, Anirban Bag
Medium Access Control Protocols And Routing Algorithms For Wireless Sensor Networks, Anirban Bag
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In recent years, the development of a large variety of mobile computing devices has led to wide scale deployment and use of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Wireless Sensor Networks consist of battery powered, tiny and cheap "motes", having sensing and wireless communication capabilities. Although wireless motes have limited battery power, communication and computation capabilities, the range of their application is vast. In the first part of the dissertation, we have addressed the specific application of Biomedical Sensor Networks. To solve the problem of data routing in these networks, we have proposed the Adaptive Least Temperature Routing (ALTR) algorithm …
Resource-Constraint And Scalable Data Distribution Management For High Level Architecture, Pankaj Gupta
Resource-Constraint And Scalable Data Distribution Management For High Level Architecture, Pankaj Gupta
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, we present an efficient algorithm, called P-Pruning algorithm, for data distribution management problem in High Level Architecture. High Level Architecture (HLA) presents a framework for modeling and simulation within the Department of Defense (DoD) and forms the basis of IEEE 1516 standard. The goal of this architecture is to interoperate multiple simulations and facilitate the reuse of simulation components. Data Distribution Management (DDM) is one of the six components in HLA that is responsible for limiting and controlling the data exchanged in a simulation and reducing the processing requirements of federates. DDM is also an important problem …
Developing Strand Space Based Models And Proving The Correctness Of The Ieee 802.11i Authentication Protocol With Restricted Sec, Zeeshan Furqan
Developing Strand Space Based Models And Proving The Correctness Of The Ieee 802.11i Authentication Protocol With Restricted Sec, Zeeshan Furqan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The security objectives enforce the security policy, which defines what is to be protected in a network environment. The violation of these security objectives induces security threats. We introduce an explicit notion of security objectives for a security protocol. This notion should precede the formal verification process. In the absence of such a notion, the security protocol may be proven correct despite the fact that it is not equipped to defend against all potential threats. In order to establish the correctness of security objectives, we present a formal model that provides basis for the formal verification of security protocols. We …
Augmentation In Visual Reality (Avr), Yunjun Zhang
Augmentation In Visual Reality (Avr), Yunjun Zhang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Human eyes, as the organs for sensing light and processing visual information, enable us to see the real world. Though invaluable, they give us no way to "edit" the received visual stream or to "switch" to a different channel. The invention of motion pictures and computer technologies in the last century enables us to add an extra layer of modifications between the real world and our eyes. There are two major approaches to modifications that we consider here, offline augmentation and online augmentation. The movie industry has pushed offline augmentation to an extreme level; audiences can experience visual surprises that …
Bluetooth-Base Worm Modeling And Simulation, Haiou Xiang
Bluetooth-Base Worm Modeling And Simulation, Haiou Xiang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Bluetooth is one of the most popular technologies in the world in the new century. Meanwhile it attracts attackers to develop new worm and malicious code attacking Bluetooth wireless network. So far the growth of mobile malicious code is very fast and they have become a great potential threat to our society. In this thesis, we study Bluetooth worm in Mobile Wireless Network. Firstly we investigate the Bluetooth technology and several previously appeared Bluetooth worms, e.g. "Caribe","Comwar", and we find the infection cycle of a Bluetooth worm. Next, we develop a new simulator, Bluetooth Worm simulator (BTWS), which simulates Bluetooth …
Graph Theoretic Modeling: Case Studies In Redundant Arrays Of Independent Disks And Network Defense, Sanjeeb Nanda
Graph Theoretic Modeling: Case Studies In Redundant Arrays Of Independent Disks And Network Defense, Sanjeeb Nanda
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Graph theoretic modeling has served as an invaluable tool for solving a variety of problems since its introduction in Euler's paper on the Bridges of Königsberg in 1736 . Two amongst them of contemporary interest are the modeling of Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID), and the identification of network attacks. While the former is vital to the protection and uninterrupted availability of data, the latter is crucial to the integrity of systems comprising networks. Both are of practical importance due to the continuing growth of data and its demand at increasing numbers of geographically distributed locations through the use …
Extending Distributed Temporal Protocol Logic To A Proof Based Framework For Authentication Protocols, Shahabuddin Muhammad
Extending Distributed Temporal Protocol Logic To A Proof Based Framework For Authentication Protocols, Shahabuddin Muhammad
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Running critical applications, such as e-commerce, in a distributed environment requires assurance of the identities of the participants communicating with each other. Providing such assurance in a distributed environment is a difficult task. The goal of a security protocol is to overcome the vulnerabilities of a distributed environment by providing a secure way to disseminate critical information into the network. However, designing a security protocol is itself an error-prone process. In addition to employing an authentication protocol, one also needs to make sure that the protocol successfully achieves its authentication goals. The Distributed Temporal Protocol Logic (DTPL) provides a language …
Mac Layer And Routing Protocols For Wireless Ad Hoc Networks With Asymmetric Links And Performance Evaluation Studies, Guoqiang Wang
Mac Layer And Routing Protocols For Wireless Ad Hoc Networks With Asymmetric Links And Performance Evaluation Studies, Guoqiang Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In a heterogeneous mobile ad hoc network (MANET), assorted devices with different computation and communication capabilities co-exist. In this thesis, we consider the case when the nodes of a MANET have various degrees of mobility and range, and the communication links are asymmetric. Many routing protocols for ad hoc networks routinely assume that all communication links are symmetric, if node A can hear node B and node B can also hear node A. Most current MAC layer protocols are unable to exploit the asymmetric links present in a network, thus leading to an inefficient overall bandwidth utilization, or, in the …
Multi-View Geometric Constraints For Human Action Recognition And Tracking, Alexei Gritai
Multi-View Geometric Constraints For Human Action Recognition And Tracking, Alexei Gritai
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Human actions are the essence of a human life and a natural product of the human mind. Analysis of human activities by a machine has attracted the attention of many researchers. This analysis is very important in a variety of domains including surveillance, video retrieval, human-computer interaction, athlete performance investigation, etc. This dissertation makes three major contributions to automatic analysis of human actions. First, we conjecture that the relationship between body joints of two actors in the same posture can be described by a 3D rigid transformation. This transformation simultaneously captures different poses and various sizes and proportions. As a …
Towards A Self-Calibrating Video Camera Network For Content Analysis And Forensics, Imran Junejo
Towards A Self-Calibrating Video Camera Network For Content Analysis And Forensics, Imran Junejo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Due to growing security concerns, video surveillance and monitoring has received an immense attention from both federal agencies and private firms. The main concern is that a single camera, even if allowed to rotate or translate, is not sufficient to cover a large area for video surveillance. A more general solution with wide range of applications is to allow the deployed cameras to have a non-overlapping field of view (FoV) and to, if possible, allow these cameras to move freely in 3D space. This thesis addresses the issue of how cameras in such a network can be calibrated and how …
Learning, Detection, Representation, Indexing And Retrieval Of Multi-Agent Events In Videos, Asaad Hakeem
Learning, Detection, Representation, Indexing And Retrieval Of Multi-Agent Events In Videos, Asaad Hakeem
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The world that we live in is a complex network of agents and their interactions which are termed as events. An instance of an event is composed of directly measurable low-level actions (which I term sub-events) having a temporal order. Also, the agents can act independently (e.g. voting) as well as collectively (e.g. scoring a touch-down in a football game) to perform an event. With the dawn of the new millennium, the low-level vision tasks such as segmentation, object classification, and tracking have become fairly robust. But a representational gap still exists between low-level measurements and high-level understanding of video …
Physically-Based Visualization Of Residential Building Damage Process In Hurricane, Dezhi Liao
Physically-Based Visualization Of Residential Building Damage Process In Hurricane, Dezhi Liao
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research provides realistic techniques to visualize the process of damage to residential building caused by hurricane force winds. Three methods are implemented to make the visualization useful for educating the public about mitigation measures for their homes. First, the underline physics uses Quick Collision Response Calculation. This is an iterative method, which can tune the accuracy and the performance to calculate collision response between building components. Secondly, the damage process is designed as a Time-scalable Process. By attaching a damage time tag for each building component, the visualization process is treated as a geometry animation allowing users to navigate …
Real-Time Tree Simulation Using Verlet Integration, Bobak Manavi
Real-Time Tree Simulation Using Verlet Integration, Bobak Manavi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
One of the most important challenges in real-time simulation of large trees and vegetation is the vast number of calculations required to simulate the interactions between all the branches in the tree when external forces are applied to it. This paper will propose the use of algorithms employed by applications like cloth and soft body simulations, where objects can be represented by a finite system of particles connected via spring-like constraints, for the structural representation and manipulation of trees in real-time. We will then derive and show the use of Verlet integration and the constraint configuration used for simulating trees …
Object Association Across Multiple Moving Cameras In Planar Scenes, Yaser Sheikh
Object Association Across Multiple Moving Cameras In Planar Scenes, Yaser Sheikh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, we address the problem of object detection and object association across multiple cameras over large areas that are well modeled by planes. We present a unifying probabilistic framework that captures the underlying geometry of planar scenes, and present algorithms to estimate geometric relationships between different cameras, which are subsequently used for co-operative association of objects. We first present a local1 object detection scheme that has three fundamental innovations over existing approaches. First, the model of the intensities of image pixels as independent random variables is challenged and it is asserted that useful correlation exists in intensities of …
A Sparse Program Dependence Graph For Object Oriented Programming Languages, Keith Garfield
A Sparse Program Dependence Graph For Object Oriented Programming Languages, Keith Garfield
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Program Dependence Graph (PDG) has achieved widespread acceptance as a useful tool for software engineering, program analysis, and automated compiler optimizations. This thesis presents the Sparse Object Oriented Program Dependence Graph (SOOPDG), a formalism that contains elements of traditional PDG's adapted to compactly represent programs written in object-oriented languages such as Java. This formalism is called sparse because, in contrast to other OO and Java-specific adaptations of PDG's, it introduces few node types and no new edge types beyond those used in traditional dependence-based representations. This results in correct program representations using smaller graph structures and simpler semantics when …