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Articles 241 - 270 of 490

Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences

Relating First-Person And Third-Person Vision, Shervin Ardeshir Behrostaghi Jan 2018

Relating First-Person And Third-Person Vision, Shervin Ardeshir Behrostaghi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Thanks to the availability and increasing popularity of wearable devices such as GoPro cameras, smart phones and glasses, we have access to a plethora of videos captured from the first person (egocentric) perspective. Capturing the world from the perspective of one's self, egocentric videos bear characteristics distinct from the more traditional third-person (exocentric) videos. In many computer vision tasks (e.g. identification, action recognition, face recognition, pose estimation, etc.), the human actors are the main focus. Hence, detecting, localizing, and recognizing the human actor is often incorporated as a vital component. In an egocentric video however, the person behind the camera …

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A Decision Support Tool For Video Retinal Angiography, Sumit Laha Jan 2018

A Decision Support Tool For Video Retinal Angiography, Sumit Laha

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fluorescein angiogram (FA) is a medical procedure that helps the ophthalmologists to monitor the status of the retinal blood vessels and to diagnose proper treatment. This research is motivated by the necessity of blood vessel segmentation of the retina. Retinal vessel segmentation has been a major challenge and has long drawn the attention of researchers for decades due to the presence of complex blood vessels with varying size, shape, angles and branching pattern of vessels, and non-uniform illumination and huge anatomical variability between subjects. In this thesis, we introduce a new computational tool that combines deep learning based machine learning …

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Environmental Physical-Virtual Interaction To Improve Social Presence With A Virtual Human In Mixed Reality, Kangsoo Kim Jan 2018

Environmental Physical-Virtual Interaction To Improve Social Presence With A Virtual Human In Mixed Reality, Kangsoo Kim

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Interactive Virtual Humans (VHs) are increasingly used to replace or assist real humans in various applications, e.g., military and medical training, education, or entertainment. In most VH research, the perceived social presence with a VH, which denotes the user's sense of being socially connected or co-located with the VH, is the decisive factor in evaluating the social influence of the VH—a phenomenon where human users' emotions, opinions, or behaviors are affected by the VH. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop new knowledge about how characteristics and behaviors of a VH in a Mixed Reality (MR) environment can affect …

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In-Memory Computing Using Formal Methods And Paths-Based Logic, Alvaro Velasquez Jan 2018

In-Memory Computing Using Formal Methods And Paths-Based Logic, Alvaro Velasquez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The continued scaling of the CMOS device has been largely responsible for the increase in computational power and consequent technological progress over the last few decades. However, the end of Dennard scaling has interrupted this era of sustained exponential growth in computing performance. Indeed, we are quickly reaching an impasse in the form of limitations in the lithographic processes used to fabricate CMOS processes and, even more dire, we are beginning to face fundamental physical phenomena, such as quantum tunneling, that are pervasive at the nanometer scale. Such phenomena manifests itself in prohibitively high leakage currents and process variations, leading …

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Analysis Of Large-Scale Population Genetic Data Using Efficient Algorithms And Data Structures, Ardalan Naseri Jan 2018

Analysis Of Large-Scale Population Genetic Data Using Efficient Algorithms And Data Structures, Ardalan Naseri

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With the availability of genotyping data of very large samples, there is an increasing need for tools that can efficiently identify genetic relationships among all individuals in the sample. Modern biobanks cover genotypes up to 0.1%-1% of an entire large population. At this scale, genetic relatedness among samples is ubiquitous. However, current methods are not efficient for uncovering genetic relatedness at such a scale. We developed a new method, Random Projection for IBD Detection (RaPID), for detecting Identical-by-Descent (IBD) segments, a fundamental concept in genetics in large panels. RaPID detects all IBD segments over a certain length in time linear …

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Analysis Of Driver Behavior Modeling In Connected Vehicle Safety Systems Through High Fidelity Simulation, Ahura Jami Jan 2018

Analysis Of Driver Behavior Modeling In Connected Vehicle Safety Systems Through High Fidelity Simulation, Ahura Jami

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A critical aspect of connected vehicle safety analysis is understanding the impact of human behavior on the overall performance of the safety system. Given the variation in human driving behavior and the expectancy for high levels of performance, it is crucial for these systems to be flexible to various driving characteristics. However, design, testing, and evaluation of these active safety systems remain a challenging task, exacerbated by the lack of behavioral data and practical test platforms. Additionally, the need for the operation of these systems in critical and dangerous situations makes the burden of their evaluation very costly and time-consuming. …

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Examining Users' Application Permissions On Android Mobile Devices, Muhammad Safi Jan 2018

Examining Users' Application Permissions On Android Mobile Devices, Muhammad Safi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mobile devices have become one of the most important computing platforms. The platform's portability and highly customized nature raises several privacy concerns. Therefore, understanding and predicting user privacy behavior has become very important if one is to design software which respects the privacy concerns of users. Various studies have been carried out to quantify user perceptions and concerns [23,36] and user characteristics which may predict privacy behavior [21,22,25]. Even though significant research exists regarding factors which affect user privacy behavior, there is gap in the literature when it comes to correlating these factors to objectively collected data from user devices. …

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Advancing Practical Specification Techniques For Modern Software Systems, John Singleton Jan 2018

Advancing Practical Specification Techniques For Modern Software Systems, John Singleton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The pervasive nature of software (and the tendency for it to contain errors) has long been a concern of theoretical computer scientists. Many investigators have endeavored to produce theories, tools, and techniques for verifying the behavior of software systems. One of the most promising lines of research is that of formal specification, which is a subset of the larger field of formal methods. In formal specification, one composes a precise mathematical description of a software system and uses tools and techniques to ensure that the software that has been written conforms to this specification. Examples of such systems are Z …

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Necessary Conditions For Open-Ended Evolution, Lisa Soros Jan 2018

Necessary Conditions For Open-Ended Evolution, Lisa Soros

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Evolution on Earth is widely considered to be an effectively endless process. Though this phenomenon of open-ended evolution (OEE) has been a topic of interest in the artificial life community since its beginnings, the field still lacks an empirically validated theory of what exactly is necessary to reproduce the phenomenon in general (including in domains quite unlike Earth). This dissertation (1) enumerates a set of conditions hypothesized to be necessary for OEE in addition to (2) introducing an artificial life world called Chromaria that incorporates each of the hypothesized necessary conditions. It then (3) describes a set of experiments with …

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Visionary Ophthalmics: Confluence Of Computer Vision And Deep Learning For Ophthalmology, Dustin Morley Jan 2018

Visionary Ophthalmics: Confluence Of Computer Vision And Deep Learning For Ophthalmology, Dustin Morley

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ophthalmology is a medical field ripe with opportunities for meaningful application of computer vision algorithms. The field utilizes data from multiple disparate imaging techniques, ranging from conventional cameras to tomography, comprising a diverse set of computer vision challenges. Computer vision has a rich history of techniques that can adequately meet many of these challenges. However, the field has undergone something of a revolution in recent times as deep learning techniques have sprung into the forefront following advances in GPU hardware. This development raises important questions regarding how to best leverage insights from both modern deep learning approaches and more classical …

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Human Action Detection, Tracking And Segmentation In Videos, Yicong Tian Jan 2018

Human Action Detection, Tracking And Segmentation In Videos, Yicong Tian

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation addresses the problem of human action detection, human tracking and segmentation in videos. They are fundamental tasks in computer vision and are extremely challenging to solve in realistic videos. We first propose a novel approach for action detection by exploring the generalization of deformable part models from 2D images to 3D spatiotemporal volumes. By focusing on the most distinctive parts of each action, our models adapt to intra-class variation and show robustness to clutter. This approach deals with detecting action performed by a single person. When there are multiple humans in the scene, humans need to be segmented …

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On The Security Of Nosql Cloud Database Services, Mohammad Ahmadian Jan 2017

On The Security Of Nosql Cloud Database Services, Mohammad Ahmadian

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Processing a vast volume of data generated by web, mobile and Internet-enabled devices, necessitates a scalable and flexible data management system. Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS) is a new cloud computing paradigm, promising a cost-effective and scalable, fully-managed database functionality meeting the requirements of online data processing. Although DBaaS offers many benefits it also introduces new threats and vulnerabilities. While many traditional data processing threats remain, DBaaS introduces new challenges such as confidentiality violation and information leakage in the presence of privileged malicious insiders and adds new dimension to the data security. We address the problem of building a secure DBaaS for a …

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Designing Light Filters To Detect Skin Using A Low-Powered Sensor, Muhammad Uzair Tariq Jan 2017

Designing Light Filters To Detect Skin Using A Low-Powered Sensor, Muhammad Uzair Tariq

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Detection of nudity in photos and videos, especially prior to uploading to the internet, is vital to solving many problems related to adolescent sexting, the distribution of child pornography, and cyber-bullying. The problem with using nudity detection algorithms as a means to combat these problems is that: 1) it implies that a digitized nude photo of a minor already exists (i.e., child pornography), and 2) there are real ethical and legal concerns around the distribution and processing of child pornography. Once a camera captures an image, that image is no longer secure. Therefore, we need to develop new privacy-preserving solutions …

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Adversarial Attacks On Vision Algorithms Using Deep Learning Features, Andy Michel Jan 2017

Adversarial Attacks On Vision Algorithms Using Deep Learning Features, Andy Michel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Computer vision algorithms, such as those implementing object detection, are known to be susceptible to adversarial attacks. Small barely perceptible perturbations to the input can cause vision algorithms to incorrectly classify inputs that they would have otherwise classified correctly. A number of approaches have been recently investigated to generate such adversarial examples for deep neural networks. Many of these approaches either require grey-box access to the deep neural net being attacked or rely on adversarial transfer and grey-box access to a surrogate neural network. In this thesis, we present an approach to the synthesis of adversarial examples for computer vision …

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Resource Allocation And Pricing In Secondary Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, Enas Khairullah Jan 2017

Resource Allocation And Pricing In Secondary Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks, Enas Khairullah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The paradigm shift from static spectrum allocation to a dynamic one has opened many challenges that need to be addressed for the true vision of Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) to materialize. This dissertation proposes novel solutions that include: spectrum allocation, routing, and scheduling in DSA networks. First, we propose an auction-based spectrum allocation scheme in a multi-channel environment where secondary users (SUs) bid to buy channels from primary users (PUs) based on the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR). The channels are allocated such that i) the SUs get their preferred channels, ii) channels are re-used, and iii) there …

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Exploring The Multi-Touch Interaction Design Space For 3d Virtual Objects To Support Procedural Training Tasks, Sarah Holderness Jan 2017

Exploring The Multi-Touch Interaction Design Space For 3d Virtual Objects To Support Procedural Training Tasks, Sarah Holderness

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Multi-touch interaction has the potential to be an important input method for realistic training in 3D environments. However, multi-touch interaction has not been explored much in 3D tasks, especially when trying to leverage realistic, real-world interaction paradigms. A systematic inquiry into what realistic gestures look like for 3D environments is required to understand how users translate real-world motions to multi-touch motions. Once those gestures are defined, it is important to see how we can leverage those gestures to enhance training tasks. In order to explore the interaction design space for 3D virtual objects, we began by conducting our first study …

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Code Park: A New 3d Code Visualization Tool And Ide, Pooya Khaloo Jan 2017

Code Park: A New 3d Code Visualization Tool And Ide, Pooya Khaloo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

We introduce Code Park, a novel tool for visualizing codebases in a 3D game-like environment. Code Park aims to improve a programmer's understanding of an existing codebase in a manner that is both engaging and fun to be appealing especially for novice users such as students. It achieves these goals by laying out the codebase in a 3D park-like environment. Each class in the codebase is represented as a 3D room-like structure. Constituent parts of the class (variable, member functions, etc.) are laid out on the walls, resembling a syntax-aware "wallpaper". The users can interact with the codebase using an …

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Data Representation In Machine Learning Methods With Its Application To Compilation Optimization And Epitope Prediction, Yevgeniy Sher Jan 2017

Data Representation In Machine Learning Methods With Its Application To Compilation Optimization And Epitope Prediction, Yevgeniy Sher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation we explore the application of machine learning algorithms to compilation phase order optimization, and epitope prediction. The common thread running through these two disparate domains is the type of data being dealt with. In both problem domains we are dealing with categorical data, with its representation playing a significant role in the performance of classification algorithms. We first present a neuroevolutionary approach which orders optimization phases to generate compiled programs with performance superior to those compiled using LLVM's -O3 optimization level. Performance improvements calculated as the speed of the compiled program's execution ranged from 27% for the …

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Novel Computational Methods For Integrated Circuit Reverse Engineering, Travis Meade Jan 2017

Novel Computational Methods For Integrated Circuit Reverse Engineering, Travis Meade

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Production of Integrated Circuits (ICs) has been largely strengthened by globalization. System-on-chip providers are capable of utilizing many different providers which can be responsible for a single task. This horizontal structure drastically improves to time-to-market and reduces manufacturing cost. However, untrust of oversea foundries threatens to dismantle the complex economic model currently in place. Many Intellectual Property (IP) consumers become concerned over what potentially malicious or unspecified logic might reside within their application. This logic which is inserted with the intention of causing harm to a consumer has been referred to as a Hardware Trojan (HT). To help IP consumers, …

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Network Partitioning In Distributed Agent-Based Models, Antoniya Petkova Jan 2017

Network Partitioning In Distributed Agent-Based Models, Antoniya Petkova

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Agent-Based Models (ABMs) are an emerging simulation paradigm for modeling complex systems, comprised of autonomous, possibly heterogeneous, interacting agents. The utility of ABMs lies in their ability to represent such complex systems as self-organizing networks of agents. Modeling and understanding the behavior of complex systems usually occurs at large and representative scales, and often obtaining and visualizing of simulation results in real-time is critical. The real-time requirement necessitates the use of in-memory computing, as it is difficult and challenging to handle the latency and unpredictability of disk accesses. Combining this observation with the scale requirement emphasizes the need to use …

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Online, Supervised And Unsupervised Action Localization In Videos, Khurram Soomro Jan 2017

Online, Supervised And Unsupervised Action Localization In Videos, Khurram Soomro

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Action recognition classifies a given video among a set of action labels, whereas action localization determines the location of an action in addition to its class. The overall aim of this dissertation is action localization. Many of the existing action localization approaches exhaustively search (spatially and temporally) for an action in a video. However, as the search space increases with high resolution and longer duration videos, it becomes impractical to use such sliding window techniques. The first part of this dissertation presents an efficient approach for localizing actions by learning contextual relations between different video regions in training. In testing, …

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Complex Affect Recognition In The Wild, Behnaz Nojavanasghari Jan 2017

Complex Affect Recognition In The Wild, Behnaz Nojavanasghari

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Artificial social intelligence is a step towards human-like human-computer interaction. One important milestone towards building socially intelligent systems is enabling computers with the ability to process and interpret the social signals of humans in the real world. Social signals include a wide range of emotional responses from a simple smile to expressions of complex affects. This dissertation revolves around computational models for social signal processing in the wild, using multimodal signals with an emphasis on the visual modality. We primarily focus on complex affect recognition with a strong interest in curiosity. In this dissertation,we ?rst present our collected dataset, EmoReact. …

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Pervasive Secure Content Delivery Networks Implementation, Hector Lugo-Cordero Jan 2017

Pervasive Secure Content Delivery Networks Implementation, Hector Lugo-Cordero

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Over the years, communication networks have been shifting their focus from providing connectivity in a client/server model to providing a service or content. This shift has led to topic areas like Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), Heterogeneous Wireless Mesh Networks, and Ubiquitous Computing. Furthermore, probably the broadest of these areas which embarks all is the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is defined as an Internet where all physical entities (e.g., vehicles, appliances, smart phones, smart homes, computers, etc.), which we interact daily are connected and exchanging data among themselves and users. The IoT has become a global goal for companies, researchers, …

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Learning Dynamic Network Models For Complex Social Systems, Alireza Hajibagheri Jan 2017

Learning Dynamic Network Models For Complex Social Systems, Alireza Hajibagheri

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Human societies are inherently complex and highly dynamic, resulting in rapidly changing social networks, containing multiple types of dyadic interactions. Analyzing these time-varying multiplex networks with approaches developed for static, single layer networks often produces poor results. To address this problem, our approach is to explicitly learn the dynamics of these complex networks. This dissertation focuses on five problems: 1) learning link formation rates; 2) predicting changes in community membership; 3) using time series to predict changes in network structure; 4) modeling coevolution patterns across network layers and 5) extracting information from negative layers of a multiplex network. To study …

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Implementation Of Refining Statements In Openjml And Verification Of Higher Order Methods With Model Program Specifications, Sai Chandesh Gurramkonda Jan 2017

Implementation Of Refining Statements In Openjml And Verification Of Higher Order Methods With Model Program Specifications, Sai Chandesh Gurramkonda

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Java Modeling Language (JML) describes the functional behavior of Java classes and methods using pre- and postconditions. However, standard pre- and postcondition specifications cannot verify calls to higher order methods (HOMs). JML uses model program specifications to reason about HOMs. This thesis describes the implementation of model programs in the OpenJML tool. The implementation includes parsing, type checking, and matching of model program specifications against the code.

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Learning Robotic Manipulation From User Demonstrations, Rouhollah Rahmatizadeh Jan 2017

Learning Robotic Manipulation From User Demonstrations, Rouhollah Rahmatizadeh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Personal robots that help disabled or elderly people in their activities of daily living need to be able to autonomously perform complex manipulation tasks. Traditional approaches to this problem employ task-specific controllers. However, these must to be designed by expert programmers, are focused on a single task, and will perform the task as programmed, not according to the preferences of the user. In this dissertation, we investigate methods that enable an assistive robot to learn to execute tasks as demonstrated by the user. First, we describe a learning from demonstration (LfD) method that learns assistive tasks that need to be …

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Super Resolution Of Wavelet-Encoded Images And Videos, Vildan Atalay Jan 2017

Super Resolution Of Wavelet-Encoded Images And Videos, Vildan Atalay

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, we address the multiframe super resolution reconstruction problem for wavelet-encoded images and videos. The goal of multiframe super resolution is to obtain one or more high resolution images by fusing a sequence of degraded or aliased low resolution images of the same scene. Since the low resolution images may be unaligned, a registration step is required before super resolution reconstruction. Therefore, we first explore in-band (i.e. in the wavelet-domain) image registration; then, investigate super resolution. Our motivation for analyzing the image registration and super resolution problems in the wavelet domain is the growing trend in wavelet-encoded imaging, …

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Hashing For Multimedia Similarity Modeling And Large-Scale Retrieval, Kai Li Jan 2017

Hashing For Multimedia Similarity Modeling And Large-Scale Retrieval, Kai Li

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In recent years, the amount of multimedia data such as images, texts, and videos have been growing rapidly on the Internet. Motivated by such trends, this thesis is dedicated to exploiting hashing-based solutions to reveal multimedia data correlations and support intra-media and inter-media similarity search among huge volumes of multimedia data. We start by investigating a hashing-based solution for audio-visual similarity modeling and apply it to the audio-visual sound source localization problem. We show that synchronized signals in audio and visual modalities demonstrate similar temporal changing patterns in certain feature spaces. We propose to use a permutation-based random hashing technique …

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Weakly Labeled Action Recognition And Detection, Waqas Sultani Jan 2017

Weakly Labeled Action Recognition And Detection, Waqas Sultani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Research in human action recognition strives to develop increasingly generalized methods that are robust to intra-class variability and inter-class ambiguity. Recent years have seen tremendous strides in improving recognition accuracy on ever larger and complex benchmark datasets, comprising realistic actions "in the wild" videos. Unfortunately, the all-encompassing, dense, global representations that bring about such improvements often benefit from the inherent characteristics, specific to datasets and classes, that do not necessarily reflect knowledge about the entity to be recognized. This results in specific models that perform well within datasets but generalize poorly. Furthermore, training of supervised action recognition and detection methods …

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Reasoning About Frame Properties In Object-Oriented Programs, Yuyan Bao Jan 2017

Reasoning About Frame Properties In Object-Oriented Programs, Yuyan Bao

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Framing is important for specification and verification of object-oriented programs. This dissertation develops the local reasoning approach for framing in the presence of data structures with unrestricted sharing and subtyping. It can verify shared data structures specified in a concise way by unifying fine-grained region logic and separation logic. Then the fine-grained region logic is extended to reason about subtyping. First, fine-grained region logic is adapted from region logic to express regions at the granularity of individual fields. Conditional region expressions are introduced; not only does this allow one to specify more precise frame conditions, it also has the ability …

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