Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (157)
- Engineering (100)
- Computer Engineering (64)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (61)
- Databases and Information Systems (51)
-
- Graphics and Human Computer Interfaces (48)
- Education (46)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (45)
- Arts and Humanities (32)
- Other Computer Sciences (30)
- Data Science (28)
- Linguistics (27)
- Software Engineering (21)
- Computational Linguistics (20)
- Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing (19)
- Theory and Algorithms (19)
- Psychiatry and Psychology (16)
- Applied Mathematics (15)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (15)
- Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms (14)
- Public Health (14)
- Psychological Phenomena and Processes (13)
- Epidemiology (12)
- Philosophy (12)
- Educational Methods (11)
- Psychology (11)
- Information Security (10)
- Semantics and Pragmatics (10)
- Keyword
-
- Machine learning (38)
- Machine Learning (27)
- Deep Learning (20)
- Deep learning (20)
- Mental workload (15)
-
- Natural language processing (13)
- Artificial Intelligence (12)
- Artificial intelligence (12)
- Classification (11)
- Computer vision (10)
- Natural Language Processing (10)
- Performance (10)
- Computer Science Education (9)
- Spatial Language (9)
- Activity recognition (8)
- Agile (8)
- Digital ethics (8)
- Education (8)
- Explainable artificial intelligence (8)
- Agent-based model (7)
- Epidemiology (7)
- Evaluation (7)
- Narrative (7)
- Neural Networks (7)
- Perception (7)
- Privacy (7)
- Simulation (7)
- Activity discovery (6)
- Argumentation theory (6)
- Computer Science (6)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Conference papers (300)
- Articles (190)
- Dissertations (77)
- Conference Papers (51)
- Academic Posters Collection (30)
-
- Doctoral (30)
- 9th. IT & T Conference (23)
- H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress) (18)
- The ITB Journal (12)
- Other resources (10)
- Reports (9)
- Datasets (8)
- Other (8)
- Books/Book Chapters (7)
- Masters (7)
- Publications (6)
- Books/Book chapters (5)
- Other Resources (4)
- Theses (3)
- Books (2)
- Case studies: Digital Education (2)
- Instructional Guides (2)
- Journal Articles (2)
- Open Educational Resources (2)
- Papers, presentations and other resources (2)
- Dublin Gastronomy Symposium (1)
- H-Workload 2018: Models and Applications (Works in Progress) (1)
- H-Workload 2019: Models & Applications: Works in Progress (1)
- Irish Communication Review (1)
- Level 3 (1)
- Publication Type
Articles 481 - 510 of 816
Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences
Presenting A Labelled Dataset For Real-Time Detection Of Abusive User Posts, Hao Chen, Susan Mckeever, Sarah Jane Delany
Presenting A Labelled Dataset For Real-Time Detection Of Abusive User Posts, Hao Chen, Susan Mckeever, Sarah Jane Delany
Conference papers
Social media sites facilitate users in posting their own personal comments online. Most support free format user posting, with close to real-time publishing speeds. However, online posts generated by a public user audience carry the risk of containing inappropriate, potentially abusive content. To detect such content, the straightforward approach is to filter against blacklists of profane terms. However, this lexicon filtering approach is prone to problems around word variations and lack of context. Although recent methods inspired by machine learning have boosted detection accuracies, the lack of gold standard labelled datasets limits the development of this approach. In this work, …
Extended List Of Stop Words: Does It Work For Keyphrase Extraction From Short Texts?, Svetlana Popova, Gabriella Skitalinskaya
Extended List Of Stop Words: Does It Work For Keyphrase Extraction From Short Texts?, Svetlana Popova, Gabriella Skitalinskaya
Conference Papers
In this paper we study the problem of key phrase extraction from short texts written in Russian. As texts we consider messages posted on Internet car forums related to the purchase or repair of cars. The main assumption made is: the construction of lists of stop words for key phrase extraction can be effective if performed on the basis of a small, expert-marked collection. The results show that even a small number of texts marked by an expert can be enough to build an extended list of stop words. Extracted stop words allow to improve the quality of the key …
A Software Development Process For Freshman Undergraduate Students, Catherine Higgins, Fredrick Mtenzi, Ciaran O'Leary, Orla Hanratty, Claire Mcavinia
A Software Development Process For Freshman Undergraduate Students, Catherine Higgins, Fredrick Mtenzi, Ciaran O'Leary, Orla Hanratty, Claire Mcavinia
Articles
This conceptual paper presents work which is part of an ongoing research project into the design of a software development process aimed at freshman, undergraduate computing students. The process of how to plan and develop a solution is a topic that is addressed very lightly in many freshman, undergraduate courses which can leave novices open to developing habit-forming, maladaptive cognitive practices. The conceptual software development process described in this paper has a learning process at its core which centres on declarative knowledge (in the form of threshold concepts) and procedural knowledge (in the form of computational thinking skills) scaffolding freshman …
Subjective Usability, Mental Workload Assessments And Their Impact On Objective Human Performance, Luca Longo
Subjective Usability, Mental Workload Assessments And Their Impact On Objective Human Performance, Luca Longo
Articles
Self-reporting procedures and inspection methods have been largely employed in the fields of interaction and web-design for assessing the usability of interfaces. However, there seems to be a propensity to ignore features related to end-users or the context of application during the usability assessment procedure. This research proposes the adoption of the construct of mental workload as an additional aid to inform interaction and web-design. A user-study has been performed in the context of human-web interaction. The main objective was to explore the relationship between the perception of usability of the interfaces of three popular web-sites and the mental workload …
Abusive Text Detection Using Neural Networks, Hao Chen, Susan Mckeever, Sarah Jane Delany
Abusive Text Detection Using Neural Networks, Hao Chen, Susan Mckeever, Sarah Jane Delany
Articles
Neurall network models have become increasingly popular for text classification in recent years. In particular, the emergence of word embeddings within deep learning architecture has recently attracted a high level of attention amongst researchers.
A Conceptual Framework For A Software Development Process Based On Computational Thinking, Catherine Higgins, Ciaran O'Leary, Orla Hanratty, Fredrick Mtenzi
A Conceptual Framework For A Software Development Process Based On Computational Thinking, Catherine Higgins, Ciaran O'Leary, Orla Hanratty, Fredrick Mtenzi
Articles
A software development process is a mechanism for problem solving to help software developers plan, design and structure the development of software to solve a problem. Without a process to guide the structured evolution of a solution, it is extremely likely that at least some aspect of the resulting software will be omitted or incorrectly implemented. Even though the importance of utilising a software process for solving problems is accepted in the business and academic communities, it is a topic that is addressed very lightly (if at all) in most freshman undergraduate computing courses with most courses focussing on programming …
Representing And Inferring Mental Workload Via Defeasible Reasoning: A Comparison With The Nasa Task Load Index And The Workload Profile, Lucas Middeldorf Rizzo, Luca Longo
Representing And Inferring Mental Workload Via Defeasible Reasoning: A Comparison With The Nasa Task Load Index And The Workload Profile, Lucas Middeldorf Rizzo, Luca Longo
Conference papers
The NASA Task Load Index (NASA − TLX) and the Workload Profile (WP) are likely the most employed instruments for subjective mental workload (MWL) measurement. Numerous areas have made use of these methods for assessing human performance and thusly improving the design of systems and tasks. Unfortunately, MWL is still a vague concept, with different definitions and no universal measure. This research investigates the use of defeasible reasoning to represent and assess MWL. Reasoning is defeasible when a conclusion, supported by a set of premises, can be retracted in the light of new information. In this empirical study, this type …
The Influence Of Values On The Intention And Usage Of Mobile Phone Technology:A Case Of Tanzanian Smes, Renatus Mushi, Almar Ennis, Deirdre Lillis, Said Jafari
The Influence Of Values On The Intention And Usage Of Mobile Phone Technology:A Case Of Tanzanian Smes, Renatus Mushi, Almar Ennis, Deirdre Lillis, Said Jafari
Conference papers
Mobile phone technology has been relied upon in performing a number of activities in the SMEs. In less developed regions, computing infrastructures are very poor thereby depending highly on mobile phones. The improvement of technology in the mobile phones has seen more applications and services being accessed through them. This gives SMEs, especially in developing countries, a preferable alternative to desktop computing technology. However, to maximise the usability of mobile phone technology in SMEs context, key factors which influence users’ perception on its acceptance need to be explained clearly. This study explains the factors influencing employees’ intentions and use of …
Abusive Text Detection Using Neural Networks, Hao Chen, Susan Mckeever, Sarah Jane Delany
Abusive Text Detection Using Neural Networks, Hao Chen, Susan Mckeever, Sarah Jane Delany
Conference papers
eural network models have become increasingly popular for text classification in recent years. In particular, the emergence of word embeddings within deep learning architectures has recently attracted a high level of attention amongst researchers. In this paper, we focus on how neural network models have been applied in text classification. Secondly, we extend our previous work [4, 3] using a neural network strategy for the task of abusive text detection. We compare word embedding features to the traditional feature representations such as n-grams and handcrafted features. In addition, we use an off-the-shelf neural network classifier, FastText[16]. Based on our results, …
On The Relationship Between Sampling Rate And Hidden Markov Models Accuracy In Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring, Steven Lynch, Luca Longo
On The Relationship Between Sampling Rate And Hidden Markov Models Accuracy In Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring, Steven Lynch, Luca Longo
Conference papers
Providing domestic energy consumers with a detailed breakdown of their electricity consumption, at the appliance level, empowers the consumer to better manage that consumption and reduce their over- all electricity demand. Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is one method of achieving this breakdown and makes use of one sensor which measures overall combined electricity usage. As all appliances are measured in combination in NILM this consumption must be disaggregated to extract appliance level consumption. Machine learning techniques can be adopted to perform this disaggregation with various levels of accuracy, with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) derivatives ordering among the most accurate results. …
How Short Is A Piece Of String?: The Impact Of Text Length And Text Augmentation On Short-Text Classification Accuracy, Austin Mccartney, Svetlana Hensman, Luca Longo
How Short Is A Piece Of String?: The Impact Of Text Length And Text Augmentation On Short-Text Classification Accuracy, Austin Mccartney, Svetlana Hensman, Luca Longo
Conference papers
Recent increases in the use and availability of short messages have created opportunities to harvest vast amounts of information through machine-based classification. However, traditional classification methods have failed to yield accuracies comparable to classification accuracies on longer texts. Several approaches have previously been employed to extend traditional methods to overcome this problem, including the enhancement of the original texts through the construction of associations with external data supplementation sources. Existing literature does not precisely describe the impact of text length on classification performance. This work quantitatively examines the changes in accuracy of a small selection of classifiers using a variety …
A Comparison On The Classification Of Short-Text Documents Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation And Formal Concept Analysis, Noel Rogers, Luca Longo
A Comparison On The Classification Of Short-Text Documents Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation And Formal Concept Analysis, Noel Rogers, Luca Longo
Conference papers
With the increasing amounts of textual data being collected online, automated text classification techniques are becoming increasingly important. However, a lot of this data is in the form of short-text with just a handful of terms per document (e.g. Text messages, tweets or Facebook posts). This data is generally too sparse and noisy to obtain satisfactory classification. Two techniques which aim to alleviate this problem are Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). Both techniques have been shown to improve the performance of short-text classification by reducing the sparsity of the input data. The relative performance of classifiers …
The Benefits Of Task And Cognitive Workload Support For Operators In Ground Handling, Maria Chiara Leva, Yilmar Builes
The Benefits Of Task And Cognitive Workload Support For Operators In Ground Handling, Maria Chiara Leva, Yilmar Builes
Conference papers
The scope of the present work is to report an action research project applied to the relationship of task and cognitive workload support on one of the most important aspects of an airport: ground handling. At the beginning of the project workload management was not in the scope of work but as the project progressed and preliminary results and feedback were gained the researcher came to realize that some form of workload management support was also achieved as a by-product. The present paper is an attempt to account for what was achieved and how. Safe and efficient ground handling during …
Data Analytics In Performance Of Kick-Out Distribution And Effectiveness In Senior Championship Football In Ireland, Roisin Donnelly, Darragh Daly
Data Analytics In Performance Of Kick-Out Distribution And Effectiveness In Senior Championship Football In Ireland, Roisin Donnelly, Darragh Daly
Journal Articles
n recent years, data analytics has been a growing phenomenon in many fields, including sport, and there has been an increased focus on how technology will impact the work of coaching andperformance professionals. This paper provides a reflection of the use of data analytics within the Gaelic Athletic Association’s (GAA) football coaching practice in Ireland, and evaluates for coaches how to enhance kick- out distribution and effectiveness. Specifically, the study aimed to dissect and analyse kick- out strategies to assess from a coaching perspective, the impact on distribution andeffectiveness. The research is a …
Information Hiding With Data Diffusion Using Convolutional Encoding For Super-Encryption, Jonathan Blackledge, Paul Tobin, J. Myeza, C.M. Adolfo
Information Hiding With Data Diffusion Using Convolutional Encoding For Super-Encryption, Jonathan Blackledge, Paul Tobin, J. Myeza, C.M. Adolfo
Articles
The unification of data encryption with information hiding methods continues to receive significant attention because of the importance of protecting encrypted information by making it covert. This is because one of the principal limitations in any cryptographic system is that encrypted data flags the potential importance of the data (i.e. the plaintext information that has been encrypted) possibly leading to the launch of an attack which may or may not be successful. Information hiding overcomes this limitation by making the data (which may be the plaintext or the encrypted plaintext) imperceptible, the security of the hidden information being compromised if …
Towards A Continuous Assessment Of Cognitive Workload For Smartphone Multitasking Users, Angel Jimenez-Molina, Hernan Lira
Towards A Continuous Assessment Of Cognitive Workload For Smartphone Multitasking Users, Angel Jimenez-Molina, Hernan Lira
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
The intermeshing of Smartphone interactions and daily activities depletes the availability of cognitive resources. This excessive demand may lead to several undesirable cognitive states, which can be avoided by continuously assessing the user cognitive workload. Recently, many attempts have emerged to assess this workload by using psycho physiological signals. This paper provides evidence that it is possible to train models that accurately identify in short time windows such cognitive workload by processing heart rate and blood oxygen saturation signals. This assessment could be applied in Smartphone notification delivery, interface adaptations or cognitive capabilities evaluation.
Human Performance Modelling In Manufacturing: Mental Workload And Task Complexity, Maria Chiara Leva, Lorenzo Comberti, Micaela Demichela, Rebecca Duane
Human Performance Modelling In Manufacturing: Mental Workload And Task Complexity, Maria Chiara Leva, Lorenzo Comberti, Micaela Demichela, Rebecca Duane
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
No abstract provided.
Distress And Worry As Mediators In The Relationship Between Psychosocial Risks And Upper Body Musculosketal Complaints In Highly Automated Manufacturing, Fiona Wixted, Leonard O'Sullivan
Distress And Worry As Mediators In The Relationship Between Psychosocial Risks And Upper Body Musculosketal Complaints In Highly Automated Manufacturing, Fiona Wixted, Leonard O'Sullivan
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
As a result of an upward trend in automation, the requirement for supervisory monitoring and consequently, cognitive demand has increased in automated manufacturing. The incidence of musculoskeletal disorders has also increased in the manufacturing sector. A model was developed based on survey data to test if distress and worry mediate the relationship between psychosocial factors (job control, cognitive demand, social isolation and skill discretion), stress states and upper body musculoskeletal complaints in highly automated manufacturing companies (n=235). Cognitive demand was shown to be related to higher distress in employees. The data raise the question about the link between job control …
Moving Between Automated And Manual Driving: Mental Workload And Performance Implications, Totsapon Butmee, Terry C. Lansdown
Moving Between Automated And Manual Driving: Mental Workload And Performance Implications, Totsapon Butmee, Terry C. Lansdown
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
Automated driving has been predicted to take-over from manual vehicle control in the near future. The driver’s role may then change from active operator to passive observer. Such technology offers the tantalising promise of improving driving safety. However, many studies have presented findings suggesting potentially adverse effects from automated driving systems, e.g., reduced situation awareness. Mental workload is also a key issue of concern for researchers in this area. Excessive mental workload has repeatedly been shown to be associated with degraded driving performance. Previously, most traffic psychology studies on mental workload have focused the manual driving task. However, a shift …
Managing Operator Mental Workload With Standards Based Decision Support, Maurice Wilkins
Managing Operator Mental Workload With Standards Based Decision Support, Maurice Wilkins
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
H-Workload 2017: The first international symposium on human mental workload, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, June 28-30.
Smart Workload Balancing, Ferdinand Coster
Smart Workload Balancing, Ferdinand Coster
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
The cognitive workload of operators working with automated systems should neither be too high nor too low. A static level of automation is unable to cope with systems that produce large fluctuations in cognitive workload, therefore a method for adaptive automation is proposed that could balance workload by intelligently choosing what to automate and when. To this end the concept of the Cognitive Workload Value factor is introduced, which takes into account both workload and situation awareness. This initial work introduces a possible framework for categorizing and using different workload and situation awareness measures.
How Useful Are Carboard Mock-Ups: The Use Of Different Levels Of Simulation Fidelity In Assessing Signallers' Workload, Andrew Marshall, James Murphy
How Useful Are Carboard Mock-Ups: The Use Of Different Levels Of Simulation Fidelity In Assessing Signallers' Workload, Andrew Marshall, James Murphy
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
Two techniques were utilised: the Bedford Scale and the NASA TLX. Assessments were made with two levels of fidelity. The first used a busy 15 minute scenario with seven different failure conditions using paper based layouts of the new signalling system. The second used a three dimensional representation of the proposed signal box layout for a busy one hour scenario. A key finding was that the new box could be run by two signallers with acceptable levels of workload, even with minor failures. A number of changes to the layout were proposed based on the experience of an hour's simulation. …
Facing Human Workload: The Resilient Ego: A Psychoanalytic Point Of View, Glauco Maria Genga, Maria Gabriella Pediconii
Facing Human Workload: The Resilient Ego: A Psychoanalytic Point Of View, Glauco Maria Genga, Maria Gabriella Pediconii
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
The paper aims to show new connections among Human Factors, Human Workload and Resilience. We intend: 1) to highlight the role of subject in facing the human workload, inflected as demanding tasks and emergency situations; 2) to show how psychoanalysis can provide novel insights, not only into human errors, but also into human resilience. They have a common denominator, at least in part: the role of subjective contributions even in demanding situations. Human workload includes a work for satisfaction. We recall also the case study of US Airways Flight 1549 water landing (the so called “Miracle on the Hudson”), which …
A Validated Description Of How Crew Manage Flight Operations For Two-Pilot And Reduced Crew Operations, Nick Mcdonnell, Alison Kay, Margaret Ryan, Rabea Morrison, Rolf Zon
A Validated Description Of How Crew Manage Flight Operations For Two-Pilot And Reduced Crew Operations, Nick Mcdonnell, Alison Kay, Margaret Ryan, Rabea Morrison, Rolf Zon
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
This research provides a rich validated description of how crew manage workload for both two-pilot and reduced crew operations. It outlines flight operations modelling, operational narratives, requirements and scenarios validated with expert advisers from the EU-FP7 ACROSS Project. The crew are considered to be the managers of the operation who receive integrated technical support to help them manage flight operations across of three configurations i.e. 1) standard two-crew configuration, 2) reduced crew under normal operations 3) reduced-crew under non-normal operations developed within the FP7 EU-funded ACROSS (Advanced Cockpit for the Reduction Of Stress and Workload) project.
Petrochemical Plant Console Operator Workload:The Issues, David A. Strobhar
Petrochemical Plant Console Operator Workload:The Issues, David A. Strobhar
H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)
The console operators of certain petrochemical processes must maintain high levels of performance during process upsets or endanger personnel safety and the environment. Mismanagement of an upset can result in explosions, fires, and the release of hazardous chemicals to the environment. The change in workload from steady state to upset operation is significant, with alarms and control changes that are of an order of magnitude. This paper describes the state of console activity in process plants, particularly the increase with key upsets. Quantitative data on the nature of the console operator’s position, its workload during normal operation, and the requirements …
Measuring Presence: Hypothetical Quantitative Framework, Krzysztof Szczurowski, Matt Smith
Measuring Presence: Hypothetical Quantitative Framework, Krzysztof Szczurowski, Matt Smith
Conference papers
Virtual Reality Head - Mounted Display (HMD) manufacturers claim that consumer electronics can finally deliver a high degree of presence in virtual and remote environments. Certainly, current consumer-grade HMD systems offer rich and coherent mediated experiences of such environments. However, the very concept of presence is still a subject of debate, and researchers' investigation of the phenomenon of `presence' is based primarily on qualitative (i.e. questionnaire-based) assessments. Some researchers attempted to develop real-time, quantitative methods to facilitate more objective investigation of presence in mediated environments. Most such methodologies are derived from attempts to correlate presence with cardiovascular and electrodermal activity …
Multiparty Computations In Varying Contexts, Paul Laird, Sarah Jane Delany, Pierpaolo Dondio
Multiparty Computations In Varying Contexts, Paul Laird, Sarah Jane Delany, Pierpaolo Dondio
Conference papers
Recent developments in the automatic transformation of protocols into Secure Multiparty Computation (SMC) interactions, and the selection of appropriate schemes for their implementation have improved usabililty of SMC. Poor performance along with data leakage or errors caused by coding mistakes and complexity had hindered SMC usability. Previous practice involved integrating the SMC code into the application being designed, and this tight integration meant the code was not reusable without modification. The progress that has been made to date towards the selection of different schemes focuses solely on the two-party paradigm in a static set-up, and does not consider changing contexts. …
A Comparison Of Automatic Search Query Enhancement Algorithms That Utilise Wikipedia As A Source Of A Priori Knowledge, Kyle Goslin, Markus Hofmann
A Comparison Of Automatic Search Query Enhancement Algorithms That Utilise Wikipedia As A Source Of A Priori Knowledge, Kyle Goslin, Markus Hofmann
Conference papers
This paper describes the benchmarking and analysis of five Automatic Search Query Enhancement (ASQE) algorithms that utilise Wikipedia as the sole source for a priori knowledge. The contributions of this paper include: 1) A comprehensive review into current ASQE algorithms that utilise Wikipedia as the sole source for a priori knowledge; 2) benchmarking of five existing ASQE algorithms using the TREC-9 Web Topics on the ClueWeb12 data set and 3) analysis of the results from the benchmarking process to identify the strengths and weaknesses each algorithm. During the benchmarking process, 2,500 relevance assessments were performed. Results of these tests are …
Dynamic Behavior Analysis Of Android Applications For Malware Detection, Latika Singh, Markus Hofmann
Dynamic Behavior Analysis Of Android Applications For Malware Detection, Latika Singh, Markus Hofmann
Conference papers
Android is most popular operating system for smartphones and small devices with 86.6% market share (Chau 2016). Its open source nature makes it more prone to attacks creating a need for malware analysis. Main approaches for detecting malware intents of mobile applications are based on either static analysis or dynamic analysis. In static analysis, apps are inspected for suspicious patterns of code to identify malicious segments. However, several obfuscation techniques are available to provide a guard against such analysis. The dynamic analysis on the other hand is a behavior-based detection method that involves investigating the run-time behavior of the suspicious …
Argumentation For Knowledge Representation, Conflict Resolution, Defeasible Inference And Its Integration With Machine Learning, Luca Longo
Conference papers
Modern machine Learning is devoted to the construction of algorithms and computational procedures that can automatically improve with experience and learn from data. Defeasible argumentation has emerged as sub-topic of artificial intelligence aimed at formalising common-sense qualitative reasoning. The former is an inductive approach for inference while the latter is deductive, each one having advantages and limitations. A great challenge for theoretical and applied research in AI is their integration. The first aim of this chapter is to provide readers informally with the basic notions of defeasible and non-monotonic reasoning. It then describes argumentation theory, a paradigm for implementing defeasible …