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Articles 1351 - 1380 of 9003

Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences

Learning Adversarial Semantic Embeddings For Zero-Shot Recognition In Open Worlds, Tianqi Li, Guansong Pang, Xiao Bai, Jin Zheng, Lei Zhou, Xin Ning May 2024

Learning Adversarial Semantic Embeddings For Zero-Shot Recognition In Open Worlds, Tianqi Li, Guansong Pang, Xiao Bai, Jin Zheng, Lei Zhou, Xin Ning

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) focuses on classifying samples of unseen classes with only their side semantic information presented during training. It cannot handle real-life, open-world scenarios where there are test samples of unknown classes for which neither samples (e.g., images) nor their side semantic information is known during training. Open-Set Recognition (OSR) is dedicated to addressing the unknown class issue, but existing OSR methods are not designed to model the semantic information of the unseen classes. To tackle this combined ZSL and OSR problem, we consider the case of “Zero-Shot Open-Set Recognition” (ZS-OSR), where a model is trained under the ZSL …


On The Feasibility Of Simple Transformer For Dynamic Graph Modeling, Yuxia Wu, Yuan Fang, Lizi Liao May 2024

On The Feasibility Of Simple Transformer For Dynamic Graph Modeling, Yuxia Wu, Yuan Fang, Lizi Liao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Dynamic graph modeling is crucial for understanding complex structures in web graphs, spanning applications in social networks, recommender systems, and more. Most existing methods primarily emphasize structural dependencies and their temporal changes. However, these approaches often overlook detailed temporal aspects or struggle with long-term dependencies. Furthermore, many solutions overly complicate the process by emphasizing intricate module designs to capture dynamic evolutions. In this work, we harness the strength of the Transformer’s self-attention mechanism, known for adeptly handling long-range dependencies in sequence modeling. Our approach offers a simple Transformer model, called SimpleDyG, tailored for dynamic graph modeling without complex modifications. We …


An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search For The Multi-Vehicle Profitable Tour Problem With Flexible Compartments And Mandatory Customers, Vincent F. Yu, Nabila Yuraisyah Salsabila, Aldy Gunawan, Anggun Nurfitriani Handoko May 2024

An Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search For The Multi-Vehicle Profitable Tour Problem With Flexible Compartments And Mandatory Customers, Vincent F. Yu, Nabila Yuraisyah Salsabila, Aldy Gunawan, Anggun Nurfitriani Handoko

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The home-refill delivery system is a business model that addresses the concerns of plastic waste and its impact on the environment. It allows customers to pick up their household goods at their doorsteps and refill them into their own containers. However, the difficulty in accessing customers’ locations and product consolidations are undeniable challenges. To overcome these issues, we introduce a new variant of the Profitable Tour Problem, named the multi-vehicle profitable tour problem with flexible compartments and mandatory customers (MVPTPFC-MC). The objective is to maximize the difference between the total collected profit and the traveling cost. We model the proposed …


Enhancing Visual Grounding In Vision-Language Pre-Training With Position-Guided Text Prompts, Alex Jinpeng Wang, Pan Zhou, Mike Zheng Shou, Shuicheng Yan May 2024

Enhancing Visual Grounding In Vision-Language Pre-Training With Position-Guided Text Prompts, Alex Jinpeng Wang, Pan Zhou, Mike Zheng Shou, Shuicheng Yan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Vision-Language Pre-Training (VLP) has demonstrated remarkable potential in aligning image and text pairs, paving the way for a wide range of cross-modal learning tasks. Nevertheless, we have observed that VLP models often fall short in terms of visual grounding and localization capabilities, which are crucial for many downstream tasks, such as visual reasoning. In response, we introduce a novel Position-guided Text Prompt ( PTP ) paradigm to bolster the visual grounding abilities of cross-modal models trained with VLP. In the VLP phase, PTP divides an image into N x N blocks and employs a widely-used object detector to identify objects …


Vibmilk: Non-Intrusive Milk Spoilage Detection Via Smartphone Vibration, Yuezhong Wu, Wei Song, Yanxiang Wang, Dong Ma, Weitao Xu, Mahbub Hassan, Wen Hu May 2024

Vibmilk: Non-Intrusive Milk Spoilage Detection Via Smartphone Vibration, Yuezhong Wu, Wei Song, Yanxiang Wang, Dong Ma, Weitao Xu, Mahbub Hassan, Wen Hu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Quantifying the chemical process of milk spoilage is challenging due to the need for bulky, expensive equipment that is not user-friendly for milk producers or customers. This lack of a convenient and accurate milk spoilage detection system can cause two significant issues. First, people who consume spoiled milk may experience serious health problems. Secondly, milk manufacturers typically provide a “best before” date to indicate freshness, but this date only shows the highest quality of the milk, not the last day it can be safely consumed, leading to significant milk waste. A practical and efficient solution to this problem is proposed …


Large Language Models For Qualitative Research In Software Engineering: Exploring Opportunities And Challenges, Muneera Bano, Rashina Hoda, Didar Zowghi, Christoph Treude May 2024

Large Language Models For Qualitative Research In Software Engineering: Exploring Opportunities And Challenges, Muneera Bano, Rashina Hoda, Didar Zowghi, Christoph Treude

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The recent surge in the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT into qualitative research in software engineering, much like in other professional domains, demands a closer inspection. This vision paper seeks to explore the opportunities of using LLMs in qualitative research to address many of its legacy challenges as well as potential new concerns and pitfalls arising from the use of LLMs. We share our vision for the evolving role of the qualitative researcher in the age of LLMs and contemplate how they may utilize LLMs at various stages of their research experience.


Instant3d: Instant Text-To-3d Generation, Ming Li, Pan Zhou, Jia-Wei Liu, Jussi Keppo, Shuicheng Yan, Xiangyu Xu May 2024

Instant3d: Instant Text-To-3d Generation, Ming Li, Pan Zhou, Jia-Wei Liu, Jussi Keppo, Shuicheng Yan, Xiangyu Xu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Text-to-3D generation has attracted much attention from the computer vision community. Existing methods mainly optimize a neural field from scratch for each text prompt, relying on heavy and repetitive training cost which impedes their practical deployment. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for fast text-to-3D generation, dubbed Instant3D. Once trained, Instant3D is able to create a 3D object for an unseen text prompt in less than one second with a single run of a feedforward network. We achieve this remarkable speed by devising a new network that directly constructs a 3D triplane from a text prompt. The core …


Swapvid: Integrating Video Viewing And Document Exploration With Direct Manipulation, Taichi Murakami, Kazuyuki Fujita, Kotaro Hara, Kazuki Takashima, Yoshifumi Kitamura May 2024

Swapvid: Integrating Video Viewing And Document Exploration With Direct Manipulation, Taichi Murakami, Kazuyuki Fujita, Kotaro Hara, Kazuki Takashima, Yoshifumi Kitamura

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Videos accompanied by documents—document-based videos—enable presenters to share contents beyond videos and audience to use them for detailed content comprehension. However, concurrently exploring multiple channels of information could be taxing. We propose SwapVid, a novel interface for viewing and exploring document-based videos. SwapVid seamlessly integrates a video and a document into a single view and lets the content behaves as both video and a document; it adaptively switches a document-based video to act as a video or a document upon direct manipulation (e.g., scrolling the document, manipulating the video timeline). We conducted a user study with twenty participants, comparing SwapVid …


Vaid: Indexing View Designs In Visual Analytics System, Lu Ying, Aoyu Wu, Haotian Li, Zikun Deng, Ji Lan, Jiang Wu, Yong Wang, Huamin Qu, Dazhen Deng, Yingcai Wu May 2024

Vaid: Indexing View Designs In Visual Analytics System, Lu Ying, Aoyu Wu, Haotian Li, Zikun Deng, Ji Lan, Jiang Wu, Yong Wang, Huamin Qu, Dazhen Deng, Yingcai Wu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Visual analytics (VA) systems have been widely used in various application domains. However, VA systems are complex in design, which imposes a serious problem: although the academic community constantly designs and implements new designs, the designs are difficult to query, understand, and refer to by subsequent designers. To mark a major step forward in tackling this problem, we index VA designs in an expressive and accessible way, transforming the designs into a structured format. We first conducted a workshop study with VA designers to learn user requirements for understanding and retrieving professional designs in VA systems. Thereafter, we came up …


Compositional Policy Learning In Stochastic Control Systems With Formal Guarantees, Dorde Zikelic, Mathias Lechner, Abhinav Verma, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Thomas A. Henzinger May 2024

Compositional Policy Learning In Stochastic Control Systems With Formal Guarantees, Dorde Zikelic, Mathias Lechner, Abhinav Verma, Krishnendu Chatterjee, Thomas A. Henzinger

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Reinforcement learning has shown promising results in learning neural network policies for complicated control tasks. However, the lack of formal guarantees about the behavior of such policies remains an impediment to their deployment. We propose a novel method for learning a composition of neural network policies in stochastic environments, along with a formal certificate which guarantees that a specification over the policy's behavior is satisfied with the desired probability. Unlike prior work on verifiable RL, our approach leverages the compositional nature of logical specifications provided in SPECTRL, to learn over graphs of probabilistic reach-avoid specifications. The formal guarantees are provided …


Reinforcement Nash Equilibrium Solver, Xinrun Wang, Chang Yang, Shuxin Li, Pengdeng Li, Xiao Huang, Hau Chan, Bo An May 2024

Reinforcement Nash Equilibrium Solver, Xinrun Wang, Chang Yang, Shuxin Li, Pengdeng Li, Xiao Huang, Hau Chan, Bo An

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Nash Equilibrium (NE) is the canonical solution concept of game theory, which provides an elegant tool to understand the rationalities. Computing NE in two- or multi-player general-sum games is PPAD-Complete. Therefore, in this work, we propose REinforcement Nash Equilibrium Solver (RENES), which trains a single policy to modify the games with different sizes and applies the solvers on the modified games where the obtained solution is evaluated on the original games. Specifically, our contributions are threefold. i) We represent the games as ��-rank response graphs and leverage graph neural network (GNN) to handle the games with different sizes as inputs; …


Unveiling Code Pre-Trained Models: Investigating Syntax And Semantics Capacities, Wei Ma, Shangqing Liu, Mengjie Zhao, Xiaofei Xie, Wenhang Wang, Qiang Hu, Jie Zhang, Liu Yang May 2024

Unveiling Code Pre-Trained Models: Investigating Syntax And Semantics Capacities, Wei Ma, Shangqing Liu, Mengjie Zhao, Xiaofei Xie, Wenhang Wang, Qiang Hu, Jie Zhang, Liu Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Code models have made significant advancements in code intelligence by encoding knowledge about programming languages. While previous studies have explored the capabilities of these models in learning code syntax, there has been limited investigation on their ability to understand code semantics. Additionally, existing analyses assume the number of edges between nodes at the abstract syntax tree (AST) is related to syntax distance, and also often require transforming the high-dimensional space of deep learning models to a low-dimensional one, which may introduce inaccuracies. To study how code models represent code syntax and semantics, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of 7 code …


Plug-And-Play Policy Planner For Large Language Model Powered Dialogue Agents, Yang Deng, Wenxuan Zhang, Wai Lam, See-Kiong Ng, Tat-Seng Chua May 2024

Plug-And-Play Policy Planner For Large Language Model Powered Dialogue Agents, Yang Deng, Wenxuan Zhang, Wai Lam, See-Kiong Ng, Tat-Seng Chua

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Proactive dialogues serve as a practical yet challenging dialogue problem in the era of large language models (LLMs), where the dialogue policy planning is the key to improving the proactivity of LLMs. Most existing studies enable the dialogue policy planning of LLMs using various prompting schemes or iteratively enhance this capability in handling the given case with verbal AI feedback. However, these approaches are either bounded by the policy planning capability of the frozen LLMs or hard to be transferred to new cases. In this work, we introduce a new dialogue policy planning paradigm to strategize LLMs for proactive dialogue …


Reinforcement Learning With Maskable Stock Representation For Portfolio Management In Customizable Stock Pools, Wentao Zhang, Yilei Zhao, Shuo Sun, Jie Ying, Yonggang Xie, Zitao Song, Xinrun Wang, Bo An May 2024

Reinforcement Learning With Maskable Stock Representation For Portfolio Management In Customizable Stock Pools, Wentao Zhang, Yilei Zhao, Shuo Sun, Jie Ying, Yonggang Xie, Zitao Song, Xinrun Wang, Bo An

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Portfolio management (PM) is a fundamental financial trading task, which explores the optimal periodical reallocation of capitals into different stocks to pursue long-term profits. Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown its potential to train profitable agents for PM through interacting with financial markets. However, existing work mostly focuses on fixed stock pools, which is inconsistent with investors’ practical demand. Specifically, the target stock pool of different investors varies dramatically due to their discrepancy on market states and individual investors may temporally adjust stocks they desire to trade (e.g., adding one popular stocks), which lead to customizable stock pools (CSPs). Existing …


Grasper: A Generalist Pursuer For Pursuit-Evasion Problems, Pengdeng Li, Shuxin Li, Xinrun Wang, Jakub Cerny, Youzhi Zhang, Stephen Mcaleer, Hau Chan, Bo An May 2024

Grasper: A Generalist Pursuer For Pursuit-Evasion Problems, Pengdeng Li, Shuxin Li, Xinrun Wang, Jakub Cerny, Youzhi Zhang, Stephen Mcaleer, Hau Chan, Bo An

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Pursuit-evasion games (PEGs) model interactions between a team of pursuers and an evader in graph-based environments such as urban street networks. Recent advancements have demonstrated the effectiveness of the pre-training and fine-tuning paradigm in Policy-Space Response Oracles (PSRO) to improve scalability in solving large-scale PEGs. However, these methods primarily focus on specific PEGs with fixed initial conditions that may vary substantially in real-world scenarios, which significantly hinders the applicability of the traditional methods. To address this issue, we introduce Grasper, a GeneRAlist purSuer for Pursuit-Evasion pRoblems, capable of efficiently generating pursuer policies tailored to specific PEGs. Our contributions are threefold: …


Flipped Classroom For Linear Algebra At Undergraduate Level, M. Thulasidas May 2024

Flipped Classroom For Linear Algebra At Undergraduate Level, M. Thulasidas

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this article, we describe our experience in developing an undergraduate Linear Algebra course tailored to highlight its relevance and applicability in Computer Science. Over the course of three years, the course transitioned from a traditional direct-instruction format to a flipped-classroom design, resulting in positive student learning outcomes. This article covers the course design philosophy, its syllabus, learning objectives, and the incorporation of both quantitative and qualitative student feedback in shaping the course. Furthermore, the article shares the insights gleaned from our experience, which can serve as best practices for instructors aiming to deliver a successful Linear Algebra course for …


The Grader: A Grading Assistant For Lab Tests And A Teaching Tool, M. Thulasidas, David Lo May 2024

The Grader: A Grading Assistant For Lab Tests And A Teaching Tool, M. Thulasidas, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This article presents the design and implementation of the Grader, a grading assistant application deployed for a Web Application Development course at our school. The Grader is equipped to handle various logistical aspects of lab tests, including file management, consistent application of rubrics, and auto-grading of questions with test cases. Additionally, it incorporates heuristic rules to detect cheating attempts. We anticipate that the Grader will find widespread utility in programming courses where lab tests serve as summative assessments. Developed within the same programming environment taught in the class, the Grader also serves as a pedagogical tool, demonstrating to students a …


From Tweets To Token Sales: Assessing Ico Success Through Social Media Sentiments, Donghao Huang, S. Samuel, Quoc Toan Huynh, Zhaoxia Wang May 2024

From Tweets To Token Sales: Assessing Ico Success Through Social Media Sentiments, Donghao Huang, S. Samuel, Quoc Toan Huynh, Zhaoxia Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With the advent of social network technology, the influence of collective opinions has significantly impacted business, marketing, and fundraising. Particularly in the blockchain space, Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) gain substantial exposure across various online platforms. Yet, the intricate relationships among these elements remain largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the relationships between social media sentiment, engagement metrics, and ICO success. We hypothesize a positive correlation between favorable sentiment in ICO-related tweets and overall project success. Additionally, we recognize social media engagement indicators (mentions, retweets, likes, follower counts) as critical factors affecting ICO performance. Employing machine learning techniques, we conduct …


Exploring Diffusion Time-Steps For Unsupervised Representation Learning, Zhongqi Yue, Jiankun Wang, Qianru Sun, Lei Ji, Eric I-Chao Chang, Hanwang Zhang May 2024

Exploring Diffusion Time-Steps For Unsupervised Representation Learning, Zhongqi Yue, Jiankun Wang, Qianru Sun, Lei Ji, Eric I-Chao Chang, Hanwang Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Representation learning is all about discovering the hidden modular attributes that generate the data faithfully. We explore the potential of Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DM) in unsupervised learning of the modular attributes. We build a theoretical framework that connects the diffusion time-steps and the hidden attributes, which serves as an effective inductive bias for unsupervised learning. Specifically, the forward diffusion process incrementally adds Gaussian noise to samples at each time-step, which essentially collapses different samples into similar ones by losing attributes, e.g., fine-grained attributes such as texture are lost with less noise added (i.e., early time-steps), while coarse-grained ones such …


Analyzing And Revivifying Function Signature Inference Using Deep Learning, Yan Lin, Trisha Singhal, Debin Gao, David Lo May 2024

Analyzing And Revivifying Function Signature Inference Using Deep Learning, Yan Lin, Trisha Singhal, Debin Gao, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Function signature plays an important role in binary analysis and security enhancement, with typical examples in bug finding and control-flow integrity enforcement. However, recovery of function signatures by static binary analysis is challenging since crucial information vital for such recovery is stripped off during compilation. Although function signature recovery using deep learning (DL) is proposed in an effort to handle such challenges, the reported accuracy is low for binaries compiled with optimizations. In this paper, we first perform a systematic study to quantify the extent to which compiler optimizations (negatively) impact the accuracy of existing DL techniques based on Recurrent …


Robust Auto-Scaling With Probabilistic Workload Forecasting For Cloud Databases, Haitian Hang, Xiu Tang, Jianling Sun, Lingfeng Bao, David Lo, Haoye Wang May 2024

Robust Auto-Scaling With Probabilistic Workload Forecasting For Cloud Databases, Haitian Hang, Xiu Tang, Jianling Sun, Lingfeng Bao, David Lo, Haoye Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Auto-scaling is crucial for achieving elasticity in cloud databases as well as other cloud systems. Predictive auto-scaling, which leverages forecasting techniques to adjust resources based on predicted workload, has been widely adopted. However, the inherent inaccuracy of forecasting presents a significant challenge, potentially causing resource under-provisioning. To address this challenge, we propose robust predictive auto-scaling that considers the uncertainty in forecasts. Unlike previous predictive approaches that rely on single-valued forecasts, we leverage probabilistic forecasting techniques to generate quan-tile forecasts, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the potential future workloads. By formulating the auto-scaling problem as a robust optimization problem, we …


Automatic Grading Of Short Answers Using Large Language Models In Software Engineering Courses, Nguyen Binh Duong Ta, Yi Meng Chai May 2024

Automatic Grading Of Short Answers Using Large Language Models In Software Engineering Courses, Nguyen Binh Duong Ta, Yi Meng Chai

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Short-answer based questions have been used widely due to their effectiveness in assessing whether the desired learning outcomes have been attained by students. However, due to their open-ended nature, many different answers could be considered entirely or partially correct for the same question. In the context of computer science and software engineering courses where the enrolment has been increasing recently, manual grading of short-answer questions is a time-consuming and tedious process for instructors. In software engineering courses, assessments concern not just coding but many other aspects of software development such as system analysis, architecture design, software processes and operation methodologies …


Intriguing Properties Of Data Attribution On Diffusion Models, Xiaosen Zheng, Tianyu Pang, Chao Du, Jing Jiang, Min Lin May 2024

Intriguing Properties Of Data Attribution On Diffusion Models, Xiaosen Zheng, Tianyu Pang, Chao Du, Jing Jiang, Min Lin

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Data attribution seeks to trace model outputs back to training data. With the recent development of diffusion models, data attribution has become a desired module to properly assign valuations for high-quality or copyrighted training samples, ensuring that data contributors are fairly compensated or credited. Several theoretically motivated methods have been proposed to implement data attribution, in an effort to improve the trade-off between computational scalability and effectiveness. In this work, we conduct extensive experiments and ablation studies on attributing diffusion models, specifically focusing on DDPMs trained on CIFAR-10 and CelebA, as well as a Stable Diffusion model LoRA-finetuned on ArtBench. …


Learning Multi-Faceted Prototypical User Interests, Nhu Thuat Tran, Hady W. Lauw May 2024

Learning Multi-Faceted Prototypical User Interests, Nhu Thuat Tran, Hady W. Lauw

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We seek to uncover the latent interest units from behavioral data to better learn user preferences under the VAE framework. Existing practices tend to ignore the multiple facets of item characteristics, which may not capture it at appropriate granularity. Moreover, current studies equate the granularity of item space to that of user interests, which we postulate is not ideal as user interests would likely map to a small subset of item space. In addition, the compositionality of user interests has received inadequate attention, preventing the modeling of interactions between explanatory factors driving a user's decision. To resolve this, we propose …


Anomalyclip: Object-Agnostic Prompt Learning For Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection, Qihang Zhou, Guansong Pang, Yu Tian, Shibo He, Jiming Chen May 2024

Anomalyclip: Object-Agnostic Prompt Learning For Zero-Shot Anomaly Detection, Qihang Zhou, Guansong Pang, Yu Tian, Shibo He, Jiming Chen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Zero-shot anomaly detection (ZSAD) requires detection models trained using auxiliary data to detect anomalies without any training sample in a target dataset. It is a crucial task when training data is not accessible due to various concerns, e.g., data privacy, yet it is challenging since the models need to generalize to anomalies across different domains where the appearance of foreground objects, abnormal regions, and background features, such as defects/tumors on different products/ organs, can vary significantly. Recently large pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have demonstrated strong zero-shot recognition ability in various vision tasks, including anomaly detection. However, their …


Reinforcement Retrieval Leveraging Fine-Grained Feedback For Fact Checking News Claims With Black-Box Llm, Xuan Zhang, Wei Gao May 2024

Reinforcement Retrieval Leveraging Fine-Grained Feedback For Fact Checking News Claims With Black-Box Llm, Xuan Zhang, Wei Gao

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Retrieval-augmented language models have exhibited promising performance across various areas of natural language processing (NLP), including fact-critical tasks. However, due to the black-box nature of advanced large language models (LLMs) and the non-retrieval-oriented supervision signal of specific tasks, the training of retrieval model faces significant challenges under the setting of black-box LLM. We propose an approach leveraging Fine-grained Feedback with Reinforcement Retrieval (FFRR) to enhance fact-checking on news claims by using black-box LLM. FFRR adopts a two-level strategy to gather fine-grained feedback from the LLM, which serves as a reward for optimizing the retrieval policy, by rating the retrieved documents …


Towards Explainable Harmful Meme Detection Through Multimodal Debate Between Large Language Models, Hongzhan Lin, Ziyang Luo, Wei Gao, Jing Ma, Bo Wang, Ruichao Yang May 2024

Towards Explainable Harmful Meme Detection Through Multimodal Debate Between Large Language Models, Hongzhan Lin, Ziyang Luo, Wei Gao, Jing Ma, Bo Wang, Ruichao Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The age of social media is flooded with Internet memes, necessitating a clear grasp and effective identification of harmful ones. This task presents a significant challenge due to the implicit meaning embedded in memes, which is not explicitly conveyed through the surface text and image. However, existing harmful meme detection methods do not present readable explanations that unveil such implicit meaning to support their detection decisions. In this paper, we propose an explainable approach to detect harmful memes, achieved through reasoning over conflicting rationales from both harmless and harmful positions. Specifically, inspired by the powerful capacity of Large Language Models …


Deep Reinforcement Learning Guided Improvement Heuristic For Job Shop Scheduling, Cong Zhang, Zhiguang Cao, Wen Song, Yaoxin Wu, Jie Zhang May 2024

Deep Reinforcement Learning Guided Improvement Heuristic For Job Shop Scheduling, Cong Zhang, Zhiguang Cao, Wen Song, Yaoxin Wu, Jie Zhang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Recent studies in using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to solve Job-shop scheduling problems (JSSP) focus on construction heuristics. However, their performance is still far from optimality, mainly because the underlying graph representation scheme is unsuitable for modelling partial solutions at each construction step. This paper proposes a novel DRL-guided improvement heuristic for solving JSSP, where graph representation is employed to encode complete solutions. We design a Graph-Neural-Network-based representation scheme, consisting of two modules to effectively capture the information of dynamic topology and different types of nodes in graphs encountered during the improvement process. To speed up solution evaluation during improvement, …


Discovering Personalized Characteristic Communities In Attributed Graphs, Yudong Niu, Yuchen Li, Panagiotis Karras, Yanhao Wang, Zhao Li May 2024

Discovering Personalized Characteristic Communities In Attributed Graphs, Yudong Niu, Yuchen Li, Panagiotis Karras, Yanhao Wang, Zhao Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

What is the widest community in which a person exercises a strong impact? Although extensive attention has been devoted to searching communities containing given individuals, the problem of finding their unique communities of influence has barely been examined. In this paper, we study the novel problem of Characteristic cOmmunity Discovery (COD) in attributed graphs. Our goal is to identify the largest community, taking into account the query attribute, in which the query node has a significant impact. The key challenge of the COD problem is that it requires evaluating the influence of the query node over a large number of …


Escaping Saddle Points In Heterogeneous Federated Learning Via Distributed Sgd With Communication Compression, Sijin Chen, Zhize Li, Yuejie Chi May 2024

Escaping Saddle Points In Heterogeneous Federated Learning Via Distributed Sgd With Communication Compression, Sijin Chen, Zhize Li, Yuejie Chi

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We consider the problem of finding second-order stationary points in the optimization of heterogeneous federated learning (FL). Previous works in FL mostly focus on first-order convergence guarantees, which do not rule out the scenario of unstable saddle points. Meanwhile, it is a key bottleneck of FL to achieve communication efficiency without compensating the learning accuracy, especially when local data are highly heterogeneous across different clients. Given this, we propose a novel algorithm PowerEF-SGD that only communicates compressed information via a novel error-feedback scheme. To our knowledge, PowerEF-SGD is the first distributed and compressed SGD algorithm that provably escapes saddle points …