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Articles 3571 - 3600 of 3880
Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences
Modelling Of Evs Energy Consumption From Perspective Of Field Test Data And Driving Style Questionnaires, Kezhen Hu, Jianping Wu, Mingyu Liu
Modelling Of Evs Energy Consumption From Perspective Of Field Test Data And Driving Style Questionnaires, Kezhen Hu, Jianping Wu, Mingyu Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the electric vehicles (EVs) gaining popularity in megacities, the energy consumption of EVs has subsequently caught researchers’ attention. The exploration of energy consumption of EVs has largely focused on people’s revealed driving behavior and rarely touched on their self-perception of driving styles. Aiming to investigate how the energy efficiency of EVs is shaped by the driving behavior and driving style in the urban scenario from field test data and driving style questionnaires (DSQs), a human-centric approach is adopted. The results of a correlation analysis demonstrate the dynamic interaction between drivers’ revealed behavior and stated driving style under different …
Research On Evaluation Framework Of Coa Based On Wargaming, Haiyang Liu, Yubo Tang, Xiaofeng Hu, Guangpeng Qiao
Research On Evaluation Framework Of Coa Based On Wargaming, Haiyang Liu, Yubo Tang, Xiaofeng Hu, Guangpeng Qiao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the evaluation problem of COA (course of action) level indicators in joint operation, an evaluation framework of COA based on wargaming was proposed. By multidimensional analysis of wargaming data, an evaluation feature space was constructed from basic features generated by data cube models and SoS (system of systems) features based on complex network. Wargaming experiments were used to generate small batch metrics results of COA level indicators, and the corresponding result labels of evaluation feature space data were generated by data fitting method. Two-phase correlation analysis was used for dimensionality reduction of high dimensional evaluation features. …
Research On Classification Based On Autoencoder Combination Features Extraction Method, Congcong Gu, Wang Yan, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Research On Classification Based On Autoencoder Combination Features Extraction Method, Congcong Gu, Wang Yan, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the problem that autoencoder can not obtain class information according to labels during the unsupervised training process, to improve the recognition accuracy, stacked class denoising autoencoder(SCDAE) is proposed to extract class information, and autoencoder combination features extraction method is adapted to extract combination features for classification. The method builds a stacked denoising autoencoder(SDAE) and a SCDAE. The method fine-tunes SDAE and SCDAE to form a combined model (CM). The combination features containing main information of the input data and class information are acquired through CM, and they are further used for classification. MNIST and USPS handwritten database are …
Target Decision In Collaborative Air Combats Using Multi-Agent Particle Swarm Optimization, Yuewen Fu, Yuancheng Wang, Chen Zhen, Wenlan Fan
Target Decision In Collaborative Air Combats Using Multi-Agent Particle Swarm Optimization, Yuewen Fu, Yuancheng Wang, Chen Zhen, Wenlan Fan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Under the research background of collaborative multi-aircraft and multi-target air combats, combined with the actual combat constraint conditions and the threat assessment functions on both sides, a collaborative air combat target decision simulation model is established for complex and changeable battlefield situations, which can reflect the priority of fire attack. To solve the decision scheme quickly and accurately, an improved multi-agent particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed by introducing the interaction mechanism of the multi-agent theory into particle swarm optimization algorithm; and the neighborhood cooperation operator, mutation operator and self-learning operator for the agent are designed respectively. …
Intelligent Technology Of Command And Control System In The Rts Perspective, Wenfeng Wu, Zhang Yu, Rong Ming
Intelligent Technology Of Command And Control System In The Rts Perspective, Wenfeng Wu, Zhang Yu, Rong Ming
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Real-Time Strategy (RTS) games have important reference value for studying the intelligent technology of command and control systems. The similarities between RTS games and the strategic battle level command and control systems are described according to the decision process. The challenges brought by the problems of planning, learning, uncertainty and space-time reasoning in the intelligent technology of RTS games are analyzed. The key technologies and latest research progress of action sequence planning, plan recognition, state assessment, multi-agent collaboration and multi-scale AI are studied. The trend of intelligent technology development of strategic and operational level command and control systems is …
Ray-Casting Algorithm Based On Adaptive Compound Interpolation, Yanyang Zeng, Qingqing Pei, Baokun Li
Ray-Casting Algorithm Based On Adaptive Compound Interpolation, Yanyang Zeng, Qingqing Pei, Baokun Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The ray casting algorithm is widely used in volume rendering technology due to its mature algorithm and high imaging quality. To solve the problems of large amount of calculation and long rendering time caused by high-quality images, the problems of re-sampling point interpolation and time-consuming synthesis in the volume rendering process based on the traditional ray casting algorithm are studied, and an improved adaptive compound interpolation ray casting algorithm is proposed. According to the set threshold range, the size of the retreating sampling step is adjusted to select the interpolation sampling point and interpolation algorithm, and the re-sampling and …
Application Of Virtual Trial Makeup Based On Video, Jiayuan Liu, Jinfang Li, Hanwu He
Application Of Virtual Trial Makeup Based On Video, Jiayuan Liu, Jinfang Li, Hanwu He
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To try different cosmetic products in a convenient and low cost way, a virtual make-up algorithm based on a plane mesh model is proposed. The feature points are extracted from the face in the video by the Harr cascade classifier and the Dlib library. A mask pattern is built on the different parts of the face dynamically according to the texture coordinates of the plane mesh model. Theory is used to control the display area of the main texture of the planar mesh model. The mapping relationship between the main texture and the feature point coordinates of the planar …
Human Motion Simulation Based On Speech Recognition Control, Zhiwen Wang, Zihao Zhang, Yuxiang Jia, Wei Yi, Yanfei Shen
Human Motion Simulation Based On Speech Recognition Control, Zhiwen Wang, Zihao Zhang, Yuxiang Jia, Wei Yi, Yanfei Shen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Human body motion simulation refers to real time rendering of human body and its motion in a computer. It is a computational model to simulate the natural and physical movement of human body under given constraints. Rendering a good human body movement can improve people's sense of immersion and substitution when watching. It is an inevitable premise of interaction between the viewer and the system. Based on the above theory, under the premise of using the rendering engine to ensure the quality of human motion rendering, it is further proposed to use the speech recognition engine to identify the …
Design And Implementation Of Virtual Visual Simulation Platform For Maritime Wireless Transmission, Yuxuan Tong, Bin Lin, Hongxiang Ren, Tao Rui
Design And Implementation Of Virtual Visual Simulation Platform For Maritime Wireless Transmission, Yuxuan Tong, Bin Lin, Hongxiang Ren, Tao Rui
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the actual demand of simulating wireless transmission on the sea, a simulation platform with stronger immersion and more real-time data is designed, which combines visual simulation technology and maritime wireless transmission to replace the traditional methods which just build mathematical charts and tables. The traditional channel models are improved and a connection among the free space path loss, reflection loss and so on is built. Different models aim to different communication bands for establishing a widely used transmission. Unity 3D game engine is used to recover a real scene and realize environment configuration and roles control. The …
Improved Hybrid Bounding Box Collision Detection Algorithm, Wang Chao, Zhili Zhang, Long Yong, Shaodi Wang
Improved Hybrid Bounding Box Collision Detection Algorithm, Wang Chao, Zhili Zhang, Long Yong, Shaodi Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the construction of the oriented bounding box (OBB) takes a long time and the efficiency of the scene collision detection algorithm is not high, a fast-adaptive hybrid bounding box collision detection algorithm is proposed, which optimizes the bounding box of hierarchy and the way of storage. A large number of objects that cannot be intersected are excluded by means of the eight-tree space division and the rough detection of the sphere, and the exact intersecting test of the OBB can be made. The experimental result shows that compared with the OBB algorithm, the complexity of the bounding …
Simulation Of Earthquake Disaster Affecting Field Direction Based On Mobile Phone Positioning Data, Xiaoyong Zhang, Xiao Di, Su Zhong, Jianghao Wang
Simulation Of Earthquake Disaster Affecting Field Direction Based On Mobile Phone Positioning Data, Xiaoyong Zhang, Xiao Di, Su Zhong, Jianghao Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The direction of the earthquake disaster affected field determines the spatial distribution of the earthquake disaster scope, and further influences the post-disaster emergency command and decision. The 7.0 magnitude earthquake occurred at 2017-08-08T21:19:00 is taken as an example; the location data of the internet mobile phone before and after the earthquake area are used. The spatial distribution characteristics of the disappearing mobile phone location data and the orientation direction of the distributed discrete point sets are obtained by using the standard deviation ellipse model in the spatial econometric analysis. The direction of the earthquake disaster affected field is …
Vector Control Of Pmsm Based On Sliding Mode Observer, Dinghui Wu, Deliang Yang, Jinbao Chen
Vector Control Of Pmsm Based On Sliding Mode Observer, Dinghui Wu, Deliang Yang, Jinbao Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the coupling problem of current loop in vector control permanent magnet synchronous motor, a complex vector decoupling control strategy based on sliding mode observer is proposed. Based on the traditional sliding mode observer, the introduction of Sigmoid as a switching function and variable sliding mode gain to reduce the high frequency chattering, followed by construction of complex vector PI current regulator, combined with the transfer function of zero pole configuration and stability theory, determine the parameters of PI regulator, the view of rotor position and speed sensor observation information into the complex vector PI current regulator decoupling …
Visual Object Tracking Algorithm Based On Deep Denoising Autoencoder Over Rgb-D Data, Mingxin Jiang, Zhigeng Pan, Lanfang Wang, Taoxin Hu
Visual Object Tracking Algorithm Based On Deep Denoising Autoencoder Over Rgb-D Data, Mingxin Jiang, Zhigeng Pan, Lanfang Wang, Taoxin Hu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A visual object tracking algorithm based on cross-modality features deep learning over RGB-D data is proposed. A sparse denoising autoencoder deep learning network is constructed, which can extract cross-modal features of the samples in RGB-D video data. The cross-modal features of the samples are input to the logistic regression classifier, the observation likelihood model is established according to the confidence score of the classifier, and the reasonable state transition model is established. The object tracking results over RGB-D data are obtained using particle filtering algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed method has strong robustness to abnormal changes. …
Bayesian Evaluation Method For Energy Efficiency Of Manufacturing System Based On Combined Weights, Dongfeng Cao, Wang Yan
Bayesian Evaluation Method For Energy Efficiency Of Manufacturing System Based On Combined Weights, Dongfeng Cao, Wang Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The energy consumption of discrete manufacturing system presents many complex characteristics such as multi-source, multi-level and dynamic uncertainty, which make energy efficiency analysis and evaluation very difficult. The evaluation index system of energy efficiency of discrete manufacturing system is constructed from three aspects: manufacturing equipment, processing tasks and products. The improved Bayesian probability evaluation model is adopted for energy efficiency evaluation. In determining the weight link, the dynamic modified AHM method is combined with entropy weight method to make up the uncertainty of the structure and parameters of the Bayesian model, and to synthesize the subjective and objective two …
Simulation Data-Driven Modeling Approach For Space Information Network, Yang Xing, Wu Jing, Jianguo Zhou, Jiang Hao, Zhu Jie
Simulation Data-Driven Modeling Approach For Space Information Network, Yang Xing, Wu Jing, Jianguo Zhou, Jiang Hao, Zhu Jie
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem for the research on the simulation and modeling of the space information network (SIN) with high complexity, a SIN modeling approach based on simulation data is proposed. On this basis, a deep predictive auto-encoder network for SIN performance indicators and a hybrid forecasting analysis model with random forest regression are designed. Due to the characteristics of high dimensionality and wide distribution of SIN performance indicators, with using the deep learning auto-encoder network, the construction of SIN performance index is realized. Combined with the random forest regression model, the relationship model between the network design parameters …
Modeling And Simulation Of C2 System For Intercepting Lss Targets, Zhipeng Zhang, Su Zhong
Modeling And Simulation Of C2 System For Intercepting Lss Targets, Zhipeng Zhang, Su Zhong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For analyzing the characteristics of low slow small (LSS) targets, a model of command and control (C2) system is established, the corresponding strategy is designed, and the designed scenario is simulated, which can improve the interception effect of the system on LSS targets. In the part of modeling, the trajectory of the target is plotted, the radar information is analyzed, the coordinate transformation between the parts is designed, and the track fusion is designed, which can improve discovery process. As the different characteristics of LSS targets, combined with the limited resources for intercepting weapons, the threat assessment strategies and …
Two-Sided Matching Decision Model Between Task And Resource For Cloud Fusion, Lijun Cheng, Wang Yan
Two-Sided Matching Decision Model Between Task And Resource For Cloud Fusion, Lijun Cheng, Wang Yan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The disjointing of cloud task-to-resource matching link is a prominent problem in the cloud fusion process. Aiming at this problem, a cloud-based fusion task assignment model optimization method based on the improved knowledge migration maximum entropy clustering algorithm (KT-MECA) is proposed, in which the two-sided satisfaction of tasks and resources is considered. The algorithm improves the introduction of historical clustering center knowledge and membership degree knowledge, improves clustering performance and stability, and solves the problem that traditional clustering algorithms cannot be applied to dynamic cloud resource clustering. Considering the two-side subject satisfaction, the result of KT-MECA is applied to …
Simulation Study On Control Performance Of Pmsm-Dtc Under Different Switching Tables, Haoyuan Luo, Dengke Yuan, Zongjie Hu
Simulation Study On Control Performance Of Pmsm-Dtc Under Different Switching Tables, Haoyuan Luo, Dengke Yuan, Zongjie Hu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In the motion system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) under direct torque control (DTC), the inverter produces high-frequency common-mode voltage (CMV) based on the switching table when outputting voltage vectors, and its double-closed-loop Bang-Bang control structure also causes current harmonic distortion and high-frequency ripple of the torque. A simulation model is established for PMSM motion system under DTC based on Matlab/Simulink using different switching tables, where performance and CMV between 7 vectors and 6 vectors switching tables are compared respectively. The results demonstrate that both have similar dynamic performance; relative to 6 vectors switching table, 7 vectors switching …
12-Dimensional Zero Velocity State Updating Intelligent Algorithm For Pedestrian Dead Reckoning, Hengzhi Liu, Li Qing
12-Dimensional Zero Velocity State Updating Intelligent Algorithm For Pedestrian Dead Reckoning, Hengzhi Liu, Li Qing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For wearable pedestrian strapdown inertial navigation and location devices, the different devices need different pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) parameters, and the parameters are not such the optimal value that it affects the accuracy. A self-pedestrian navigation and location method based on the 12-dimensional zero-velocity state update intelligent algorithm is proposed, in which three dimensional errors of velocity, angular speed, location and geomagnetism are introduced as the system observations and an intelligent estimator which is formed by the support vector machine (SVM) and Kalman filter is established to estimate the system state error, and therefore the system accuracy is improved. …
Designing A Self-Adaptive Fuzzy Pid Controller For Aircraft Cabin Temperature, Zongshuai Li, Sibo Zhang
Designing A Self-Adaptive Fuzzy Pid Controller For Aircraft Cabin Temperature, Zongshuai Li, Sibo Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The temperature control system is a highly nonlinear and uncertainty system, and using a conventional PID controller makes it difficult to achieve a good control effect. In this paper, a self-adaptive fuzzy PID controller is described. The model of controlled object is established by combining mechanism modeling with experiment. Aiming at the problem that the parameter range of the self-adaptive fuzzy PID controller varies greatly and is difficult to adjust, a new method is proposed which can easily provide a more reasonable fuzzy controller output variable range. The fuzzy rules based on experts’ experience and knowledge are adopted. The …
Setting Conditions Of U-Turns At Entrances Of Signalized Intersections, Haipeng Shao, Yuxuan Wang, Xingying Chen, Binbin Zheng
Setting Conditions Of U-Turns At Entrances Of Signalized Intersections, Haipeng Shao, Yuxuan Wang, Xingying Chen, Binbin Zheng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: There is a demand for U-turn at intersections of signal controlled intersections. The U-turn conditions required for U-turn vehicles vary with different road and traffic conditions. To determine the appropriate U-turn design conditions at the entrance of the signalized intersection so that vehicles can pass safely and orderly, based on the simulation of the U-turn behavior of the vehicle, the characteristics of the vehicle trajectory are analyzed and a U-turn space discriminant model is established. Based on the theoretical model of vehicle queuing and lane change at signalized intersections, a calculation model for the U-turn setting position is …
Analysis And Optimization Of Hospital Pharmacy Sorting System Based On Simulation, Liu Shuang, Lü Chao
Analysis And Optimization Of Hospital Pharmacy Sorting System Based On Simulation, Liu Shuang, Lü Chao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The assignment rules are presented by researching system data information with a large Chinese medicine pharmacy sorting system as an object. Based on simulation technology, the system model is presented; the system operation time, cost, efficiency, and assigned laws and human resources configuration as well as many other factors affecting the performance of the system are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the original system, three optimization schemes are designed and compared. The simulation results show that, during the same simulation period, the reallocation of human resources can reduce the economic cost, but it has little improvement on …
Improved Intrusion Weed Algorithm For Solving Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem, Zhang Xin, Li Ke, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Improved Intrusion Weed Algorithm For Solving Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Problem, Zhang Xin, Li Ke, Dahu Yan, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An improved invasive weed optimization algorithm is proposed for solving multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling problem (FJSP) with released time and delivery date. The minimum completion time of jobs, the maximum work load of machines and the total work load of all machines are taken as the optimization goals to establish a FJSP model. A random key encoding scheme based on transformed sequences is proposed and a mapping relationship is set up between the continuous space and the discrete space of FJSP. An adaptive Gauss mutation operator is introduced to diversify the population in the process of weed breeding. …
Fault Diagnosis Of High Speed Train Bogie Based On Multi-Domain Fusion Cnn, Yunpu Wu, Weidong Jin, Yingkun Huang
Fault Diagnosis Of High Speed Train Bogie Based On Multi-Domain Fusion Cnn, Yunpu Wu, Weidong Jin, Yingkun Huang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The performance degradation and failures of high-speed train bogie components directly threaten the operation security of train. A fault detection method based on multi-domain fusion convolutional neural network is proposed to address the high complexity, high coupling and strong nonlinearity of vibration signals. Noise injection for time domain signal is used to enhance noise robustness and generalization of the model. Signal time-frequency representation information is obtained through embedded time-frequency transformation layer. Adaptive weight-based fusion is implemented through intrinsic characteristics of the convolutional neural network to handle the multi-domain multi-channel information. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves …
Key Points Analysis And Simulation For System Design Of Airborne Was-Gmti Radar, Yan He, Daiyin Zhu
Key Points Analysis And Simulation For System Design Of Airborne Was-Gmti Radar, Yan He, Daiyin Zhu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Wide area surveillance-ground moving target detection (WAS-GMTI) mode is one of the important modes for most multi-functional airborne radar. System design of the WAS-GMTI mode can affect the final moving targets detection and tracking abilities to a great extent. Therefore, research focuses on the system design of multi-channel WAS-GMTI radar system. The expression of WAS-GMTI radar echo (including the crab angle) is derived. Signal to noise ratio (SNR) and clutter to noise ratio (CNR) are presented. These are the preparations and foundations for the further discussion. Four key points are detailedly analyzed in the process of system design of …
Collision Avoidance Performance Improvement For Tcas In Multi-Aircraft Situations Based On State Prediction, Tang Jun, Fen Zhu, Wan Yu, Songyang Lao
Collision Avoidance Performance Improvement For Tcas In Multi-Aircraft Situations Based On State Prediction, Tang Jun, Fen Zhu, Wan Yu, Songyang Lao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Currently the density of the airspace increases with the air traffic flow increasing significantly, and therefore the conflict occurrence possibility of two or multiple aircraft raises. However, the traffic collision avoidance system （TCAS） may not be able to resolve all the collision problems of multi-threat situation. There is an active demand to improve its performance in multi-threat situation. This paper mathematically describes the traditional TCAS anti-collision mechanism, and achieves its expansion in the horizontal direction, thus proposes the improvement algorithm of collision avoidance performance for TCAS in multi-aircraft situations based on the state prediction. Adjusting the height and vertical …
Evaluation Model On The Vulnerability Of Mining Area Ecosystem Based On Object-Function Petri Net, Su Jia, Guangqiu Huang
Evaluation Model On The Vulnerability Of Mining Area Ecosystem Based On Object-Function Petri Net, Su Jia, Guangqiu Huang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Introducing the concept of function into traditional object Petri net, a new evaluation model of ecosystem vulnerability named object-function Petri net model (OFPNEM) was put forward. The facilitating and suppressing factors of the ecosystem degradation were analyzed in this evaluation model. Trigger conditions of vulnerability were depicted as transitions and the state of ecosystem in the process of change were depicted as object places. Logical causality of environmental degradation could be represented directly. Furthermore, evaluation model on the vulnerability of mining area ecosystem based on object-function Petri net was proposed. Through object-function Petri net, combining the rules of model, …
Three Dimension Tolerance Analysis And Optimization Based On 3dcs, Qiaofeng Meng, Linxuan Zhang, Linzheng Yin, Zhixia Hou, Zou Fang
Three Dimension Tolerance Analysis And Optimization Based On 3dcs, Qiaofeng Meng, Linxuan Zhang, Linzheng Yin, Zhixia Hou, Zou Fang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: According to the tolerance allocation and optimization problems in engineering practice, the vector loop model is established by using the concept of vector, and the improved scheme based on the idea of "dichotomy" method is explored. Through the virtual assembly process of a certain model car, the rear cover and tail light are mounted on the white body. Based on 3DCS dimensional tolerance analysis and optimization of simulation, it is proved that the improved scheme with some advanced and practical property has great superiority compared to the original equal tolerance allocation method. It can solve the practical problems faced …
Numerical Simulation Analysis Of The Effects Of Flight Angle And Bend-Fold On Bird-Like Flapping-Wing Air Vehicle, Yonggang Yang, Hanping Su, Xindong Gu, Yanqing Chen
Numerical Simulation Analysis Of The Effects Of Flight Angle And Bend-Fold On Bird-Like Flapping-Wing Air Vehicle, Yonggang Yang, Hanping Su, Xindong Gu, Yanqing Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the multi-parameter coupling problems of flapping-wing flight of birds, a 3D model of bird-like flapping-wing air vehicle (FAV) is established based on overall dimensions of bird. A multi-degree-of-freedom motion model of “swing-torsion-bending and folding” is built. The XFlow is used to analyze the effects of flight angle and flapping-wing bending-folding. Research results show that peak values of lift coefficient and drag coefficient change with different flight angles; at the zero flight angle, minimum mean drag coefficient and maximum lift-drag ratio will be achieved and avail to level flight. Caused by the bending-folding effect, violent vortex and negative …
Numerical Study On Energy Absorption Mechanism Of Sandwich Plates Under Blast Loading, Jinlei Mu, Shaosong Min, Peng Fei
Numerical Study On Energy Absorption Mechanism Of Sandwich Plates Under Blast Loading, Jinlei Mu, Shaosong Min, Peng Fei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to study the anti-explosion ability and energy absorption mechanism of the sandwich plates under blast loading, the FEM software Abaqus/Explict is used to simulate the response process of the solid plate and the sandwich plate. The solid plate is modeled with shell elements and continuum elements respectively. The results show the elements type has little effect on the results. During the same condition the deformation of the front plate is bigger than the solid plate, while the deformation of the back plate is smaller than the solid plate. The external force work mainly converses the kinetic energy …