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Articles 151 - 180 of 823
Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences
The Bioluminescence Heterozygous Genome Assembler, Jared Calvin Price
The Bioluminescence Heterozygous Genome Assembler, Jared Calvin Price
Theses and Dissertations
High-throughput DNA sequencing technologies are currently revolutionizing the fields of biology and medicine by elucidating the structure and function of the components of life. Modern DNA sequencing machines typically produce relatively short reads of DNA which are then assembled by software in an attempt to produce a representation of the entire genome. Due to the complex structure of all but the smallest genomes, especially the abundant presence of exact or almost exact repeats, all genome assemblers introduce errors into the final sequence and output a relatively large set of contigs instead of full-length chromosomes (a contig is a DNA sequence …
A Privacy Risk Scoring Framework For Mobile, Jedidiah Spencer Montgomery
A Privacy Risk Scoring Framework For Mobile, Jedidiah Spencer Montgomery
Theses and Dissertations
Protecting personal privacy has become an increasingly important issue as computers become a more integral part of everyday life. As people begin to trust more personal information to be contained in computers they will question if that information is safe from unwanted intrusion and access. With the rise of mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, wearable technology) users have enjoyed the convenience and availability of stored personal information in mobile devices, both in the operating system and within applications.For a mobile application to function correctly it needs permission or privileges to access and control various resources and controls on the mobile …
Scalable Detection And Extraction Of Data In Lists In Ocred Text For Ontology Population Using Semi-Supervised And Unsupervised Active Wrapper Induction, Thomas L. Packer
Scalable Detection And Extraction Of Data In Lists In Ocred Text For Ontology Population Using Semi-Supervised And Unsupervised Active Wrapper Induction, Thomas L. Packer
Theses and Dissertations
Lists of records in machine-printed documents contain much useful information. As one example, the thousands of family history books scanned, OCRed, and placed on-line by FamilySearch.org probably contain hundreds of millions of fact assertions about people, places, family relationships, and life events. Data like this cannot be fully utilized until a person or process locates the data in the document text, extracts it, and structures it with respect to an ontology or database schema. Yet, in the family history industry and other industries, data in lists goes largely unused because no known approach adequately addresses all of the costs, challenges, …
Measuring Human Workload In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Timothy J. Gledhill
Measuring Human Workload In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Timothy J. Gledhill
Theses and Dissertations
Unmanned aerial systems (UASs) often require multiple human operators fulfilling diverse roles for safe and correct operation. Reliably designing the human interaction, autonomy, and decision making aspects of these systems requires the use of modeling. We propose a conceptual model that models human machine interaction systems as a group of actors connected by a network of communication channels. We present a simulation framework implemented in Java, with an optional XML model parser that can be analyzed using the Java Pathfinder (JPF) model checker. We propose two human workload metrics based on a taxonomy extracted from the relevant literature. Using the …
Intelligent Indexing: A Semi-Automated, Trainable System For Field Labeling, Robert T. Clawson
Intelligent Indexing: A Semi-Automated, Trainable System For Field Labeling, Robert T. Clawson
Theses and Dissertations
We present Intelligent Indexing: a general, scalable, collaborative approach to indexing and transcription of non-machine-readable documents that exploits visual consensus and group labeling while harnessing human recognition and domain expertise. In our system, indexers work directly on the page, and with minimal context switching can navigate the page, enter labels, and interact with the recognition engine. Interaction with the recognition engine occurs through preview windows that allow the indexer to quickly verify and correct recommendations. This interaction is far superior to conventional, tedious, inefficient post-correction and editing. Intelligent Indexing is a trainable system that improves over time and can provide …
Browser-Based Manual Encryption, Yuanzheng Song
Browser-Based Manual Encryption, Yuanzheng Song
Theses and Dissertations
Billions of web-based email and chat messages are sent over the Internet every day. However, very few service providers support end-to-end privacy protection. While providing security for these messages is technically feasible, usability remains a challenge in this field. Recent research attempts to hide security details like key management and encryption in order to make the system more usable. However usability studies demonstrated that hiding these details may confuse the user and contribute to mistakes (e.g., sending out an email in plaintext when the user thought it would be encrypted). In an effort to increase trust and eliminate mistakes, this …
Communicating Affective Meaning From Software To Wetware Through The Medium Of Digital Art, R David Norton
Communicating Affective Meaning From Software To Wetware Through The Medium Of Digital Art, R David Norton
Theses and Dissertations
Computational creativity is a new and developing field of artificial intelligence concerned with computational systems that either autonomously produce original and functional products, or that augment the ability of humans to do so. As the role of computers in our daily lives is continuing to expand, the need for such systems is becoming increasingly important. We introduce and document the development of a new “creative” system, called DARCI (Digital ARtist Communicating Intention), that is designed to autonomously create novel artistic images that convey linguistic concepts to the viewer. Within the scope of this work, the system becomes capable of creating …
Using A Model Of Temporal Latency To Improve Supervisory Control Of Human-Robot Teams, Kyle Lee Blatter
Using A Model Of Temporal Latency To Improve Supervisory Control Of Human-Robot Teams, Kyle Lee Blatter
Theses and Dissertations
When humans and remote robots work together on a team, the robots always interact with a human supervisor, even if the interaction is limited to occasional reports. Distracting a human with robotic interactions doesn't pose a problem so long as the inclusion of robots increases the team's overall effectiveness. Unfortunately, increasing the supervisor's cognitive load may decrease the team's sustainable performance to the point where robotic agents are more a liability than an asset. Present approaches resolve this problem with adaptive autonomy, where a robot changes its level of autonomy based on the supervisor's cognitive load. This thesis proposes to …
Slice—N—Dice Algorithm Implementation In Jpf, Eric S. Noonan
Slice—N—Dice Algorithm Implementation In Jpf, Eric S. Noonan
Theses and Dissertations
This work deals with evaluating the effectiveness of a new verification algorithm called slice--n--dice. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of slice--n--dice, a vector clock POR was implemented to compare it against. The first paper contained in this work was published in ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes and discusses the implementation of the vector clock POR. The results of this paper show the vector clock POR performing better than the POR in Java Pathfinder by at least a factor of two. The second paper discusses the implementation of slice--n--dice and compares it against other verification techniques. The results show that …
Improved Computer-Generated Simulation Using Motion Capture Data, Seth A. Brunner
Improved Computer-Generated Simulation Using Motion Capture Data, Seth A. Brunner
Theses and Dissertations
Ever since the first use of crowds in films and videogames there has been an interest in larger, more efficient and more realistic simulations of crowds. Most crowd simulation algorithms are able to satisfy the viewer from a distance but when inspected from close up the flaws in the individual agent's movements become noticeable. One of the bigger challenges faced in crowd simulation is finding a solution that models the actual movement of an individual in a crowd. This paper simulates a more realistic crowd by using individual motion capture data as well as traditional crowd control techniques to reach …
Autocompletion Without Static Typing, Nicholas Mckay Shelley
Autocompletion Without Static Typing, Nicholas Mckay Shelley
Theses and Dissertations
Code completion systems act both as a way to decrease typing and as a way to easily access documentation, both implicit and explicit. The former is typically done by completing known variable or function names, while the latter is done by providing a list of possible completions or by providing convenient views of or access to documentation. Because static type information makes these goals possible and feasible for qualifying languages, many improvements to completion systems are focused on improving the order of results or trimming less-valuable results. It follows that almost all validation techniques for this work have focused on …
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions For State-Space Network Realization, Philip E. Paré Jr.
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions For State-Space Network Realization, Philip E. Paré Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis presents the formulation and solution of a new problem in systems and control theory, called the Network Realization Problem. Its relationship to other problems, such as State Realization and Structural Identifiability, is shown. The motivation for this work is the desire to completely quantify the conditions for transitioning between different mathematical representations of linear time-invariant systems. The solution to this problem is useful for theorists because it lays a foundation for quantifying the information cost of identifying a system's complete network structure from the transfer function.
Overcoming The Obstacles Of Motion Capture, Matthew Asanuma, Brent Adams
Overcoming The Obstacles Of Motion Capture, Matthew Asanuma, Brent Adams
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Facial motion capture is used to capture the intimate and subtle motions of the facial features and apply them to a digital character’s face. Animation for the character, Davy Jones, in the Pirates of the Caribbean movies was achieved using this technique. In Overcoming the Obstacles of Motion Capture, I’ve tried to develop a relatively low-cost, yet high-performing technique suitable for a target market of students and independent artists.
Trustworthy, Useful Languages For Probabilistic Modeling And Inference, Neil B. Toronto
Trustworthy, Useful Languages For Probabilistic Modeling And Inference, Neil B. Toronto
Theses and Dissertations
The ideals of exact modeling, and of putting off approximations as long as possible, make Bayesian practice both successful and difficult. Languages for modeling probabilistic processes, whose implementations answer questions about them under asserted conditions, promise to ease much of the difficulty. Unfortunately, very few of these languages have mathematical specifications. This makes them difficult to trust: there is no way to distinguish between an implementation error and a feature, and there is no standard by which to prove optimizations correct. Further, because the languages are based on the incomplete theories of probability typically used in Bayesian practice, they place …
Application Sharing From Mobile Devices With A Collaborative Shared Display, Richard S. Shurtz
Application Sharing From Mobile Devices With A Collaborative Shared Display, Richard S. Shurtz
Theses and Dissertations
With the increasing ubiquity of smartphones, tablets, and large pixel-rich displays, there are many exciting new possibilities for using these devices for collaborative work. While there already exist hardware and software that support communication and interaction between mobile devices and shared displays, application sharing in these scenarios is still limited and inflexible. We present a new method of application sharing which allows collaborators to download clips or snapshots of each other's applications. These snapshots can be used to re-launch and resume the shared application back to the state it was in when it was shared. We have built a system …
Musical Motif Discovery In Non-Musical Media, Daniel S. Johnson
Musical Motif Discovery In Non-Musical Media, Daniel S. Johnson
Theses and Dissertations
Many music composition algorithms attempt to compose music in a particular style. The resulting music is often impressive and indistinguishable from the style of the training data, but it tends to lack significant innovation. In an effort to increase innovation in the selection of pitches and rhythms, we present a system that discovers musical motifs by coupling machine learning techniques with an inspirational component. The inspirational component allows for the discovery of musical motifs that are unlikely to be produced by a generative model, while the machine learning component harnesses innovation. Candidate motifs are extracted from non-musical media such as …
Elucidation And Improvement Of Algorithms For Mass Spectrometry Isotope Trace Detection, Robert Anthony Smith
Elucidation And Improvement Of Algorithms For Mass Spectrometry Isotope Trace Detection, Robert Anthony Smith
Theses and Dissertations
Mass spectrometry facilitates cutting edge advancements in many fields. Although instrumentation has advanced dramatically in the last 100 years, data processing algorithms have not kept pace. Without sensitive and accurate signal segmentation algorithms, the utility of mass spectrometry is limited. In this dissertation, we provide an overview and analysis of mass spectrometry data processing. A tutorial to ease the learning curve for those outside the field is provided. We draw attention to the lack of critical evaluation in the field and describe the resulting effects, including a glut of algorithm contributions of questionable novel contribution. To facilitate increased critical evaluation, …
Virtual Pedigree: Genealogy Without Borders, Ryan Cheatham, Dr. William A. Barrett
Virtual Pedigree: Genealogy Without Borders, Ryan Cheatham, Dr. William A. Barrett
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Genealogists across the world face a unique and challenging problem. They attempt to sort through obscure historical data in order to find information about their ancestors, then they have to keep track of all the data they have found in an organized way. In today’s information age, viewing all this data should be simple and intuitive and provide easy access to research opportunities.
Increasing User Password Strength By Introducing Group Dynamics, Lee J. Hinkle, Arthur Weagle, Spencer Bean
Increasing User Password Strength By Introducing Group Dynamics, Lee J. Hinkle, Arthur Weagle, Spencer Bean
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Password strength is an issue of growing concern.
Attribute Extraction For Web Page Clustering In Web People Searches, Joseph Park, Dr. David Embley
Attribute Extraction For Web Page Clustering In Web People Searches, Joseph Park, Dr. David Embley
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The disambiguation of person names in web people searches is a long standing problem within the semantic search community. A query such as the name “Henry Eyring” would produce thousands of results with references to more than one entity with that same name. In order to mitigate this problem, person-related attributes such as birth dates are extracted and used to group pages that refer to the same entity. The level of confidence that the pages are correctly grouped together is thus directly dependent upon the level of confidence that the person-related attributes were correctly extracted and properly associated to the …
Sat-Driven Prime Factorization, Chris Dalton, Dr. Dan Ventura
Sat-Driven Prime Factorization, Chris Dalton, Dr. Dan Ventura
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Prime factorization is the breaking down of a composite number into prime numbers that, when multiplied together, equal the number. There is not a known algorithm that accomplishes this task in sub-exponential time. For my ORCA project, I worked with Dr. Dan Ventura and sought to develop a polynomial-time prime factorization algorithm. The development of such an algorithm would have revolutionized computer security and oered new insight to even more di‑cult problems. I rst approached the task as a boolean constraint satisfaction problem, but after running out of ideas, I tried coming at it from a more number theoretic standpoint. …
Establishing The Theoretical Relationship Between Bayesian Inference And Dynamical Structure Functions For Network Reconstruction, Julius Adebayo, Dr. Sean Warnick
Establishing The Theoretical Relationship Between Bayesian Inference And Dynamical Structure Functions For Network Reconstruction, Julius Adebayo, Dr. Sean Warnick
Journal of Undergraduate Research
A system-level understanding of the functioning behavior of a cell requires an accurate representation of the underlying networks of gene and protein interactions. Network reconstruction is an area of systems biology that attempts to reconstruct the network of regulatory interactions from available measurements using a mathematical framework. Developing a theoretical relationship between Bayesian inference methods and dynamical structure functions is an important first step in developing unique qualitative processes that correctly infer network structures [1], [3].
Making Systems Users Accountable Through User Interface Design Features, Lee Wood, Dr. Anthony Vance
Making Systems Users Accountable Through User Interface Design Features, Lee Wood, Dr. Anthony Vance
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of this research was to determine how features of the user interface of an information system could be designed to increase users’ perceptions of accountability within the system, and thereby decrease levels of unauthorized access. One of the most persistent problems of information security is the threat of malicious insiders, or members of an organization who misuse access to information resources. The Verizon 2010 Data Breach Investigations Report disclosed that 48 percent of data breaches were attributable to unauthorized access by organizational insiders (Verizon, 2010). This means that nearly half of data breaches come not from compromised systems, …
Ensemble Methods For Historical Machine-Printed Document Recognition, William B. Lund
Ensemble Methods For Historical Machine-Printed Document Recognition, William B. Lund
Theses and Dissertations
The usefulness of digitized documents is directly related to the quality of the extracted text. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has reached a point where well-formatted and clean machine- printed documents are easily recognizable by current commercial OCR products; however, older or degraded machine-printed documents present problems to OCR engines resulting in word error rates (WER) that severely limit either automated or manual use of the extracted text. Major archives of historical machine-printed documents are being assembled around the globe, requiring an accurate transcription of the text for the automated creation of descriptive metadata, full-text searching, and information extraction. Given document …
Orca Final Report, Michael Christensen
Orca Final Report, Michael Christensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
BYU’s Fulton Supercomputing Lab (FSL) is a centralized campus resource whose mission is “to facilitate and enhance computationally-intensive research at BYU by providing reliable, state-of-the-art, high performance computing resources to faculty and students.” As part of that mission, Supercomputing provides large compute clusters and other systems for researchers to use as needed. If a researcher needs to do computationally intensive research that wouldn’t be feasible on a standard desktop, they can submit batch processing jobs to the lab’s systems and get their work done in a fraction of the time. A researcher’s code is then run in parallel on many …
Pwm: A Secure Webmail System Designed For Easy Adoption, Benjamin W. Burgon
Pwm: A Secure Webmail System Designed For Easy Adoption, Benjamin W. Burgon
Theses and Dissertations
None of the three largest webmail service providers (serving over 1 billion users) support end-to-end message encryption. Encrypted email has never seen mass adoption because it is prohibitive for non-experts to use. Private WebMail (Pwm) is our extension to popular webmail systems that lets users easily encrypt sensitive messages without having to first contact the recipient and share information. It is designed to spread quickly in a grassroots fashion so that a user receiving their first encrypted message can quickly and easily start using the system. This thesis describes the design and implementation of Pwm, then measures its usability through …
Managing Autonomy By Hierarchically Managing Information: Autonomy And Information At The Right Time And The Right Place, Rongbin Lin
Theses and Dissertations
When working with a complex AI or robotics system in a specific application, users often need to incorporate their special domain knowledge into the autonomous system. Such needs call for the ability to manage autonomy. However, managing autonomy can be a difficult task because the internal mechanisms and algorithms of the autonomous components may be beyond the users' understanding. We propose an approach where users manage autonomy indirectly by managing information provided to the intelligent system hierarchically at three different temporal scales: strategic, between-episodes, and within-episode. Information management tools at multiple temporal scales allow users to influence the autonomous behaviors …
Help For The Stereogramically Challenged, Brian R. Zaugg, Dr. Robert P. Burton
Help For The Stereogramically Challenged, Brian R. Zaugg, Dr. Robert P. Burton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Although single-image stereograms were invented in 1979, they were virtually unknown until the 1990’s. The last eight years have seen an explosion in stereogram popularity. Stereograms have become the subject of books, posters, calendars, screen savers, and more. Stereograms are images which have 3D information hidden within them. At first glance, most stereograms looks like nothing more than a jumble of colors and repeated patterns. When properly viewed, however, a stunning 3D image becomes visible. Proper viewing is the trick. Unfortunately, many people have difficulty seeing the 3D images hidden within the stereograms. The aim of this project was to …
Quantization Using Dithering For Palette Selection, Thomas Howard, Dr. Bryan S. Morse
Quantization Using Dithering For Palette Selection, Thomas Howard, Dr. Bryan S. Morse
Journal of Undergraduate Research
When performing image quantization, palette selection has always been a difficult problem. All methods, although they may produce acceptable result for some images, perform poorly on others. The problem lies in deciding which colors are best to include in the quantized palette. For example, when quantizing an image that has a large gradient sky and multiple colors, a computer scientist is faced with a difficult choice. Either he can choose to allocate the colors of the palette to have a wide range of colors or he can give most of the colors to the gradient areas. The first will produce …
Voxel-Selected Ray Tracing, Darwin Baines, Dr. Robert P. Burton
Voxel-Selected Ray Tracing, Darwin Baines, Dr. Robert P. Burton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Voxel-Selected Ray Tracing (VSRT) is a technique that uses undersampling to reduce the computation time necessary to render realistic looking animations. Although undersampling tends to reduce the quality of an image, VSRT includes error checking techniques that minimize the reduction in quality of the animation. I produced a basic working model of VSRT that reduced the number of voxels calculated. I explored a way to improve the algorithm even further by making the sampling adaptive so that we could find more similarity between picture frames and therefore reduce the number of calculations. Although I found it possible to implement such …