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Articles 751 - 780 of 1277
Full-Text Articles in Computer Sciences
Web Usability Guidelines For Air Force Knowledge Now Web Site, Gary A. Felax
Web Usability Guidelines For Air Force Knowledge Now Web Site, Gary A. Felax
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense Net-Centric Data Strategies number one key attribute is to ensure data is visible, available, and usable when and where needed to accelerate decision-making. The Internet provides opportunities for quick and efficient disseminating of information to the public, distributing information throughout the Air Force, and accessing information from a variety of sources. In 2002, the Air Force CIO designated the Air Force Knowledge Now (AFKN) as the center of excellence for Knowledge Management. The site is a one-stop resource, providing access to a great depth and breadth of information. This study seeks to determine how usable and …
Assessing The Usefulness Of Visualization Tools To Investigate Hidden Patterns With Insider Attack Cases, Amy M. Rammel
Assessing The Usefulness Of Visualization Tools To Investigate Hidden Patterns With Insider Attack Cases, Amy M. Rammel
Theses and Dissertations
The insider threat is a major concern for organizations. Open markets, technological advances, and the evolving definition of employee have exacerbated the insider threat. Insider threat research efforts are focusing on both prevention and detection techniques. However, recent security violation trends highlight the damage insider attacks cause organizations and illuminate why organizations and researchers must develop new approaches to this challenge. Although fruitful research is being conducted and new technologies are being applied to the insider threat problem, companies remain susceptible to the costly damage generated by insider threat actions. This research explored how visualization tools may be useful in …
Passwords: A Survey On Usage And Policy, Kurt W. Martinson
Passwords: A Survey On Usage And Policy, Kurt W. Martinson
Theses and Dissertations
Computer password use is on the rise. Passwords have become one of the primary authentication methods used today. It is because of their high use that organizations have started to place parameters on passwords. Are password restrictions a nuisance? What are some of the consequences that result as organizations place the burden of their computer security on passwords? This thesis analyzes the results of a survey instrument that was used to determine if individuals are using similar techniques or patterns when choosing or remembering their passwords. It also looks at how individuals feel about using passwords. In addition, the authors …
Assessing Information Trustability In A Secure Web Services Environment, Charles G. Penner
Assessing Information Trustability In A Secure Web Services Environment, Charles G. Penner
Theses and Dissertations
Decisions are made based on available information. A decision support system endeavors to provide information that is timely, accurate, and trustable. Information gathered from secure web service transactions has attributes that can be used to assess a level of trustability. The trust assessments enable a decision maker to determine a basis for confidence in the information presented from the web service. Existing trust assessment models do not provide a way to determine from a particular trust assessment what information attributes contributed to its computation. The present work creates trust values that retain and denote meaning, allowing a decision maker to …
A Three Dimensional Helmet Mounted Primary Flight Reference For Paratroopers, Jason I. Thompson
A Three Dimensional Helmet Mounted Primary Flight Reference For Paratroopers, Jason I. Thompson
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis seeks to develop a Heads Up Display (HUD) presented on a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD), which presents a three-dimensional, graphical, predictive navigational reference to a paratrooper during a High Altitude, High Opening (HAHO) parachute jump. A Path Generating Algorithm (PGA) takes as input the Landing Zone's (LZ) location, the wind profile, and the paratrooper's parachute's performance characteristics, and returns a set of waypoints for the paratrooper to follow. The PGA attempts to maximize the distance that the paratrooper travels. The PGA's output is used to build a path to the LZ from a Release Point (RP). During the …
An Evolutionary Algorithm To Generate Ellipsoid Detectors For Negative Selection, Joseph M. Shapiro
An Evolutionary Algorithm To Generate Ellipsoid Detectors For Negative Selection, Joseph M. Shapiro
Theses and Dissertations
Negative selection is a process from the biological immune system that can be applied to two-class (self and nonself) classification problems. Negative selection uses only one class (self) for training, which results in detectors for the other class (nonself). This paradigm is especially useful for problems in which only one class is available for training, such as network intrusion detection. Previous work has investigated hyper-rectangles and hyper-spheres as geometric detectors. This work proposes ellipsoids as geometric detectors. First, the author establishes a mathematical model for ellipsoids. He develops an algorithm to generate ellipsoids by training on only one class of …
Robot Mapping With Real-Time Incremental Localization Using Expectation Maximization, Kevin L. Owens
Robot Mapping With Real-Time Incremental Localization Using Expectation Maximization, Kevin L. Owens
Theses and Dissertations
This research effort explores and develops a real-time sonar-based robot mapping and localization algorithm that provides pose correction within the context of a single room, to be combined with pre-existing global localization techniques, and thus produce a single, well-formed map of an unknown environment. Our algorithm implements an expectation maximization algorithm that is based on the notion of the alpha-beta functions of a Hidden Markov Model. It performs a forward alpha calculation as an integral component of the occupancy grid mapping procedure using local maps in place of a single global map, and a backward beta calculation that considers the …
Determination Of Structure From Motion Using Aerial Imagery, Paul R. Graham
Determination Of Structure From Motion Using Aerial Imagery, Paul R. Graham
Theses and Dissertations
The structure from motion process creates three-dimensional models from a sequence of images. Until recently, most research in this field has been restricted to land-based imagery. This research examines the current methods of land-based structure from motion and evaluates their performance for aerial imagery. Current structure from motion algorithms search the initial image for features to track though the subsequent images. These features are used to create point correspondences between the two images. The correspondences are used to estimate the motion of the camera and then the three-dimensional structure of the scene. This research tests current algorithms using synthetic data …
Analysis Of Effects Of Bgp Black Hole Routing On A Network Like The Niprnet, Michael D. Kleffman
Analysis Of Effects Of Bgp Black Hole Routing On A Network Like The Niprnet, Michael D. Kleffman
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense (DoD) relies heavily on the Non-secure Internet Protocol Router Network (NIPRNET) to exchange information freely between departments, services, bases, posts, and ships. The NIPRNET is vulnerable to various attacks, to include physical and cyber attacks. One of the most frequently used cyber attacks by criminally motivated hackers is a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. DDoS attacks can be used to exhaust network bandwidth and router processing capabilities, and as a leveraging tool for extortion. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) black hole routing is a responsive defensive network technique for mitigating DDoS attacks. BGP black hole routing …
An Analysis Of Perturbed Quantization Steganography In The Spatial Domain, Matthew D. Spisak
An Analysis Of Perturbed Quantization Steganography In The Spatial Domain, Matthew D. Spisak
Theses and Dissertations
Steganography is a form of secret communication in which a message is hidden into a harmless cover object, concealing the actual existence of the message. Due to the potential abuse by criminals and terrorists, much research has also gone into the field of steganalysis - the art of detecting and deciphering a hidden message. As many novel steganographic hiding algorithms become publicly known, researchers exploit these methods by finding statistical irregularities between clean digital images and images containing hidden data. This creates an on-going race between the two fields and requires constant countermeasures on the part of steganographers in order …
Accelerating Missile Threat Engagement Simulations Using Personal Computer Graphics Cards, Sean E. Jeffers
Accelerating Missile Threat Engagement Simulations Using Personal Computer Graphics Cards, Sean E. Jeffers
Theses and Dissertations
The 453rd Electronic Warfare Squadron supports on-going military operations by providing battlefield commanders with aircraft ingress and egress routes that minimize the risk of shoulder or ground-fired missile attacks on our aircraft. To determine these routes, the 453rd simulates engagements between ground-to-air missiles and allied aircraft to determine the probability of a successful attack. The simulations are computationally expensive, often requiring two-hours for a single 10-second missile engagement. Hundreds of simulations are needed to perform a complete risk assessment which includes evaluating the effectiveness of countermeasures such as flares, chaff, jammers, and missile warning systems. Thus, the need for faster …
A Genetic Algorithm For Uav Routing Integrated With A Parallel Swarm Simulation, Matthew A. Russell
A Genetic Algorithm For Uav Routing Integrated With A Parallel Swarm Simulation, Matthew A. Russell
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigation addresses the problem of routing and simulating swarms of UAVs. Sorties are modeled as instantiations of the NP-Complete Vehicle Routing Problem, and this work uses genetic algorithms (GAs) to provide a fast and robust algorithm for a priori and dynamic routing applications. Swarms of UAVs are modeled based on extensions of Reynolds' swarm research and are simulated on a Beowulf cluster as a parallel computing application using the Synchronous Environment for Emulation and Discrete Event Simulation (SPEEDES). In a test suite, standard measures such as benchmark problems, best published results, and parallel metrics are used as performance …
National Security Agency (Nsa) Systems And Network Attack Center (Snac) Security Guides Versus Known Worms, Matthew W. Sullivan
National Security Agency (Nsa) Systems And Network Attack Center (Snac) Security Guides Versus Known Worms, Matthew W. Sullivan
Theses and Dissertations
Internet worms impact Internet security around the world even though there are many defenses to prevent the damage they inflict. The National Security Agency (NSA) Systems and Network Attack Center (SNAC) publishes in-depth configuration guides to protect networks from intrusion; however, the effectiveness of these guides in preventing the spread of worms hasn't been studied. This thesis establishes how well the NSA SNAC guides protect against various worms and exploits compared to Microsoft patches alone. It also identifies the aspects of the configuration guidance that is most effective in the absence of patches and updates, against network worm and e-mail …
An Analysis Of Biometric Technology As An Enabler To Information Assurance, Darren A. Deschaine
An Analysis Of Biometric Technology As An Enabler To Information Assurance, Darren A. Deschaine
Theses and Dissertations
The use of and dependence on, Information technology (IT) has grown tremendously in the last two decades. Still, some believe the United States is only in the infancy of this growth. This explosive growth has opened the door to capabilities that were only dreamed of in the past. As easy as it is to see how advantageous this technology is, it also is clear that with its advantages come distinct responsibilities and new problems that must be addressed. For instance, the minute one begins using information processing systems, the world of information assurance (IA) becomes far more complex. As a …
Modeling Information Quality Expectation In Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarm Sensor Databases, Patrick D. Baldwin
Modeling Information Quality Expectation In Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarm Sensor Databases, Patrick D. Baldwin
Theses and Dissertations
Swarming Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are the future of Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR). Swarms of hundreds of these vehicles, each equipped with multiple sensors, will one day fill the skies over hostile areas. As the sensors collect hundreds of gigabytes of data, telemetry data links will be unable to transmit the complete data picture to the ground in real time. The collected data will be stored on board the UAVs and selectively downloaded through queries issued from analysts on the ground. Analysts expect to find relevant sensor data within the collection of acquired sensor data. This expectation is not …
Real-Time Mapping Using Stereoscopic Vision Optimization, Kevin M. Biggs
Real-Time Mapping Using Stereoscopic Vision Optimization, Kevin M. Biggs
Theses and Dissertations
This research focuses on efficient methods of generating 2D maps from stereo vision in real-time. Instead of attempting to locate edges between objects, we make the assumption that the representative surfaces of objects in a view provide enough information to generate a map while taking less time to locate during processing. Since all real-time vision processing endeavors are extremely computationally intensive, numerous optimization techniques are applied to allow for a real-time application: horizontal spike smoothing for post-disparity noise, masks to focus on close-proximity objects, melding for object synthesis, and rectangular fitting for object extraction under a planar assumption. Additionally, traditional …
Evaluation Of The Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Amber J. Rickmon
Evaluation Of The Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol For Mobile Ad Hoc Networks, Amber J. Rickmon
Theses and Dissertations
Routing protocols designed for wired networks cannot be used in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) due to the dynamic topology, limited throughput, and energy constraints. New routing protocols have been designed for use in MANETs, but have not been thoroughly tested under realistic conditions such as node movement, number of sources, the presence of obstacles, and node speed. This research evaluates the performance of ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing with respect to throughput, goodput ratio, end-to-end (ETE) delay, node pair packet delivery rate, and node pair end-to-end delay. It shows these performance metrics vary significantly according to the choice …
Efficient Generation Of Social Network Data From Computer-Mediated Communication Logs, Jason Wei Sung Yee
Efficient Generation Of Social Network Data From Computer-Mediated Communication Logs, Jason Wei Sung Yee
Theses and Dissertations
The insider threat poses a significant risk to any network or information system. A general definition of the insider threat is an authorized user performing unauthorized actions, a broad definition with no specifications on severity or action. While limited research has been able to classify and detect insider threats, it is generally understood that insider attacks are planned, and that there is a time period in which the organization's leadership can intervene and prevent the attack. Previous studies have shown that the person's behavior will generally change, and it is possible that social network analysis could be used to observe …
A New Blind Method For Detecting Novel Steganography, Brent T. Mcbride, Gilbert L. Peterson, Steven C. Gustafson
A New Blind Method For Detecting Novel Steganography, Brent T. Mcbride, Gilbert L. Peterson, Steven C. Gustafson
Faculty Publications
Steganography is the art of hiding a message in plain sight. Modern steganographic tools that conceal data in innocuous-looking digital image files are widely available. The use of such tools by terrorists, hostile states, criminal organizations, etc., to camouflage the planning and coordination of their illicit activities poses a serious challenge. Most steganography detection tools rely on signatures that describe particular steganography programs. Signature-based classifiers offer strong detection capabilities against known threats, but they suffer from an inability to detect previously unseen forms of steganography. Novel steganography detection requires an anomaly-based classifier. This paper describes and demonstrates a blind classification …
Forensic Analysis Of Digital Image Tampering, Jonathan R. Sturak
Forensic Analysis Of Digital Image Tampering, Jonathan R. Sturak
Theses and Dissertations
The use of digital photography has increased over the past few years, a trend which opens the door for new and creative ways to forge images. The manipulation of images through forgery influences the perception an observer has of the depicted scene, potentially resulting in ill consequences if created with malicious intentions. This poses a need to verify the authenticity of images originating from unknown sources in absence of any prior digital watermarking or authentication technique. This research explores the holes left by existing research; specifically, the ability to detect image forgeries created using multiple image sources and specialized methods …
Pattern Search Ranking And Selection Algorithms For Mixed-Variable Optimization Of Stochastic Systems, Todd A. Sriver
Pattern Search Ranking And Selection Algorithms For Mixed-Variable Optimization Of Stochastic Systems, Todd A. Sriver
Theses and Dissertations
A new class of algorithms is introduced and analyzed for bound and linearly constrained optimization problems with stochastic objective functions and a mixture of design variable types. The generalized pattern search (GPS) class of algorithms is extended to a new problem setting in which objective function evaluations require sampling from a model of a stochastic system. The approach combines GPS with ranking and selection (R&S) statistical procedures to select new iterates. The derivative-free algorithms require only black-box simulation responses and are applicable over domains with mixed variables (continuous, discrete numeric, and discrete categorical) to include bound and linear constraints on …
Visual Unified Modeling Language For The Composition Of Scenarios In Modeling And Simulation Systems, Daniel E. Swayne
Visual Unified Modeling Language For The Composition Of Scenarios In Modeling And Simulation Systems, Daniel E. Swayne
Theses and Dissertations
The Department of Defense uses modeling and simulation systems in many various roles, from research and training to modeling likely outcomes of command decisions. Simulation systems have been increasing in complexity with the increased capability of low-cost computer systems to support these DOD requirements. The demand for scenarios is also increasing, but the complexity of the simulation systems has caused a bottleneck in scenario development due to the limited number of individuals with knowledge of the arcane simulator languages in which these scenarios are written. This research combines the results of previous AFIT efforts in visual modeling languages to create …
Improving Tcp Performance By Estimating Errors In A Long Delay, High Error Rate Environment, Stephanie E. Carroll
Improving Tcp Performance By Estimating Errors In A Long Delay, High Error Rate Environment, Stephanie E. Carroll
Theses and Dissertations
Interest in finding methods of improving TCP performance over satellite and wireless networks is high. This has been an active area of research within the networking community. This research develops an algorithm, CETEN-R for TCP to determine if a particular packet is lost due to congestion or corruption and react accordingly. An analysis of the performance of CETEN-R under a variety of conditions is studied and then compared to TCP Reno and TCP New Reno. When delay is high and the error rate is high CETEN-R showed a 77.5% increase in goodput over TCP New Reno and a 33.8% increase …
Cognitive Robot Mapping With Polylines And An Absolute Space Representation, Kennard R. Laviers, Gilbert L. Peterson
Cognitive Robot Mapping With Polylines And An Absolute Space Representation, Kennard R. Laviers, Gilbert L. Peterson
Faculty Publications
Robot mapping even today is one of the most challenging problems in robot programming. Most successful methods use some form of occupancy grid to represent a mapped region. This approach becomes problematic if the robot is mapping a large environment, the map quickly becomes too large for processing and storage. Rather than storing the map as an occupancy grid, our robot (equipped with sonars) sees the world as a series of connected spaces. These spaces are initially mapped as an occupancy grid in a room by room fashion. As the robot leaves a space, denoted by passing through a doorway, …
The United States Marine Corps Data Collaboration Requirements: Retrieving And Integrating Data From Multiple Databases, Pamela J. Cole
The United States Marine Corps Data Collaboration Requirements: Retrieving And Integrating Data From Multiple Databases, Pamela J. Cole
Theses and Dissertations
The goal of this research is to develop an information sharing and database integration model and suggest a framework to fully satisfy the United States Marine Corps collaboration requirements as well as its information sharing and database integration needs. This research is exploratory; it focuses on only one initiative: the IT-21 initiative. The IT-21 initiative dictates The Technology for the United States Navy and Marine Corps, 2000-2035: Becoming a 21st Century Force. The IT-21 initiative states that Navy and Marine Corps information infrastructure will be based largely on commercial systems and services, and the Department of the Navy must ensure …
Evolution Of Control Programs For A Swarm Of Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Kevin M. Milam
Evolution Of Control Programs For A Swarm Of Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Kevin M. Milam
Theses and Dissertations
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are rapidly becoming a critical military asset. In the future, advances in miniaturization are going to drive the development of insect size UAVs. New approaches to controlling these swarms are required. The goal of this research is to develop a controller to direct a swarm of UAVs in accomplishing a given mission. While previous efforts have largely been limited to a two-dimensional model, a three-dimensional model has been developed for this project. Models of UAV capabilities including sensors, actuators and communications are presented. Genetic programming uses the principles of Darwinian evolution to generate computer programs to …
An Exploratory Analysis Of Factors Affecting Participation In Air Force Knowledge Now Communities Of Practice, David C. Fitzgerald
An Exploratory Analysis Of Factors Affecting Participation In Air Force Knowledge Now Communities Of Practice, David C. Fitzgerald
Theses and Dissertations
As the AF continues to lose its knowledge base through retirements and downsizing, the need to get maximum use from the remaining knowledge base becomes increasingly important. In their efforts to help the Department of Defense and the Air Force Chief Information Officer (AFCIO) meet their knowledge management goals, Air Force Material Command (AFMC) has been working to implement the use of communities of practice. A primary goal of AFMC/DRW , the AF Knowledge Now program office, and the office of the AFCIO is to increase effectiveness and participation within communities of practice. The goal of this research is to …
Development Approaches Coupled With Verification And Validation Methodologies For Agent-Based Mission-Level Analytical Combat Simulations, Lance E. Champagne
Development Approaches Coupled With Verification And Validation Methodologies For Agent-Based Mission-Level Analytical Combat Simulations, Lance E. Champagne
Theses and Dissertations
This research investigated the applicability of agent-based combat simulations to real-world combat operations. An agent-based simulation of the Allied offensive search for German U-Boats in the Bay of Biscay during World War II was constructed, extending the state-of-the-art in agent-based combat simulations, bridging the gap between the current level of agent-like combat simulations and the concept of agent-based simulations found in the broader literature. The proposed simulation advances agent-based combat simulations to “validateable” mission-level military operations. Simulation validation is a complex task with numerous, diverse techniques available and levels of validation differing significantly among simulations and applications. This research presents …
Exploring Content Management Issues In Air Force On-Line Communities Of Practice: A Multiple Case Study Approach, Jaime A. Rodriguez
Exploring Content Management Issues In Air Force On-Line Communities Of Practice: A Multiple Case Study Approach, Jaime A. Rodriguez
Theses and Dissertations
The practice of content management attempts regardless of platform to ensure that pertinent information is current, relevant, and presented in a usable manner. The Air Force Communities of Practice (CoPs) are hosted by AFMC/DRW, The purpose of these CoPs is to facilitate and promote an environment of capturing and sharing knowledge among members of a particular field task or common practice. As the host for these CoPs AFMC/DRW desires to increase CoP participation efficiency and effectiveness. Addressing existing or potential content management issues will help do so. This multiple-case study research observed and interviewed managers and members of eight active …
An Exploration Of Cultural Factors Affecting Use Of Communities Of Practice, Peter L. Hinrichsen
An Exploration Of Cultural Factors Affecting Use Of Communities Of Practice, Peter L. Hinrichsen
Theses and Dissertations
On-line communities of practice are potentially powerful social learning networks that can improve organizational performance. Unfortunately, administrators of on-line communities of practice report that community members do not take full advantage of this potential. This study used Shaw and Tuggle's (2003) factors of knowledge management (KM) culture affecting organizational acceptance of a knowledge management initiative to explore this issue. It was hypothesized that respondents whose communities of practice possessed higher average community use per member would rate KM culture variables higher than respondents whose communities possessed a lower average community use. An analysis of survey data collected from Air Force …