Other Chemistry Commons^™

A Comparative Study Of Tin Electrorefining In Molten Licl–Kcl–Cacl₂: Experimental Two-Electrode Current Control And Theoretical Three-Electrode Potential Control, Bryant Johnson, George Ankrah, Ander Fuller, Devin Rappleye

Reviews, Analyses, and Instructional Studies in Electrochemistry (RAISE)

Molten salt electrorefining is a mature technology for metal recovery, yet conventional current‑controlled, two‑electrode operation provides limited electrochemical selectivity and restricted insight into electrode‑specific behavior. In this work, a simplified model is developed to compare current‑controlled two‑electrode electrorefining data with a potential‑controlled three‑electrode electrorefining simulation using tin in molten LiCl–KCl–CaCl₂ as a surrogate for plutonium processing. The model examines anodic and cathodic limitations under fixed‑potential operation and evaluates implications for selectivity, efficiency, and runtime relative to experimentally demonstrated two‑electrode performance. Results indicate that independent potential control enables operation closer to thermodynamic selectivity limits, with the potential to suppress impurity oxidation …

Representing The Apparatus In Nineteenth And Twentieth Century Chemical Abstracting Literature, Evan F. Kuehn

Proceedings from the Document Academy

The rise of abstracting services in the 20th century is usually associated with the explosion of original scientific research and its attendant journal literature. The abstract was a tool of information dissemination and access for increasingly expansive and international work. What is often overlooked, however, is the correlation between original research and the technologies that made these advances available. Scientific apparatuses were, however, documented from the beginning, and were also a part of the rise of abstract literature in the 19^th and 20^th centuries. In this paper I examine the development of abstracts for apparatuses and patents in …

An In-Depth Analysis And Comparison Of Eco And Non-Eco Surfboard Waxes, Markos Kaskaneas - Efthymiou

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Questions regarding the sustainability of petroleum-based surfboard waxes gave rise to the development and marketing of a sustainable alternative called “Eco” surf wax. The chemistry behind surf waxes is generally unknown and there is no published research on the area of surf waxes. In this analysis, the chemical properties of both types of waxes were investigated, to determine the difference between non-eco and eco waxes and between different water temperature rating waxes. 15 surf wax samples (10 non-eco, 5 eco) were extracted into organic and inorganic fractions and analysed by FT-IR, GC-MS, and HTGC-FID/MS. Multivariate statistical analysis was also performed. …

Studying Organic Chemistry Students’ Scientific Modeling Practices Through A Semi-Structured Interview, Daniel Mays, Morgan Balabanoff

The Cardinal Edge

Many areas of natural science deal with unobservable phenomena. Scientists develop and use models to make sense of these aspects of nature. Chemistry is certainly no exception – in fact, given the molecular nature of chemical interactions, the modern understanding of chemistry is largely based on well-established scientific models. Because models are so important in chemistry, understanding how students develop and use models in the learning process stands to offer key insights into how to better teach chemistry. This project is focused on exploring how students of organic chemistry develop and use scientific models to predict the outcome of reactions. …

Investigating Factors Influencing Science Student Retention, Hayley Benson, Morgan Balabanoff

The Cardinal Edge

Retention in and across STEM degrees has been a significant problem across institutions. By the time students have reached their third year, the University of Louisville has lost over 50% of the students who entered as first-year students.

The main objective of this study is to investigate variables such as sense of belonging, student’s mindset, and science identity and their relationship with retention in STEM degrees. While many studies have identified gaps among student groups across these variables, few studies have generated solutions to address these gaps. Further, the proposed solutions are often from the viewpoint of researchers and upper …

Model To Demonstrate Effects Of Mass Transfer And Applied Current In An Electrolytic Cell, George Ankrah

Reviews, Analyses, and Instructional Studies in Electrochemistry (RAISE)

This study investigates the relationship between applied current and resulting cell potential in an electrolytic system, considering the transport of electroactive species. By applying Michael Faraday's laws of electrolysis and the Nernst-Planck equation, the behavior of electroactive species in diffusion-controlled systems with and without stirring is modeled. The plots demonstrate how stirring enhances ion transport and establishes a stable Nernst diffusion layer, affecting the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing electrolysis processes.

Probing The Surface Structure Of Ferrocene Modified Electrodes Using Cyclic Voltammetry, Rebekah S. Stanley

Reviews, Analyses, and Instructional Studies in Electrochemistry (RAISE)

Modifying electrodes imparts new electrochemical properties for use in various applications. To fully understand these electrochemical properties the structure of the modified surface needs to be characterized. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) offers a quick and simple way to determine if the surface structure has been homogeneously modified even at low surface concentrations. Nonideal responses in CV scans give insights to the microenvironments and structure of the monolayer surface that may be indistinguishable in other techniques. Peak fitting CV data, coupled with other surface techniques, can further characterize the contributions and nature of these microenvironments and aid in structural determination.

Differentiation Of Human, Dog, And Cat Hair Fibers Using Dart Tofms And Machine Learning, Laura Ahumada, Erin R. Mcclure-Price, Chad Kwong, Edgard O. Espinoza, John Santerre

SMU Data Science Review

Hair is found in over 90% of crime scenes and has long been analyzed as trace evidence. However, recent reviews of traditional hair fiber analysis techniques, primarily morphological examination, have cast doubt on its reliability. To address these concerns, this study employed machine learning algorithms, specifically Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Random Forest, on Direct Analysis in Real Time time-of-flight mass spectra collected from human, cat, and dog hair samples. The objective was to develop a chemistry- and statistics-based classification method for unbiased taxonomic identification of hair. The results of the study showed that LDA and Random Forest were highly …

Phytochemical Constituent And Antioxidant Activity Evaluation Of Red Seaweed Eucheuma Sp., Ade Arsianti

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Oxidative stress is a condition in which there is an imbalance between production of free radicals and protective response via antioxidant system. There are endogenous and exogenous antioxidants, however as age increases, there is a reduction in endogenous antioxidant, thus the search for potential exogenous antioxidants which could be derived from natural resources are needed. Indonesia is a megabiodiversity country which has more than 30,000 species of plants and animals. Red seaweed Eucheuma sp. is one of marine macroalgae species which shows potent biological activities. This study aims to determine the phytochemical constituent and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of …

Feasibility Studies For Use Of Copper Slag In Clinker Manufacture, Suresh Vanguri, Suresh Palla, Gonthi Prasad, Sanjeev Kumar Chaturvedi, Bibekananda Mohapatra

Makara Journal of Science

This study investigated the feasibility of using copper slag (CS-C) as a raw material in the production of Portland cement (PC). The effect of addition of 0%-3.5% CS-C on the clinkerization process, mineralogy, microstructure, and compressive strength development was studied. The Presence of CS-C in the raw mix resulted in the reduced temperature of clinkerization by about 50 °C. The quality of clinker prepared from the raw mix containing 3% CS-C and burned at 1400 °C was comparable to that of clinker prepared from the raw mix containing no CS-C and burned at 1450 °C. Gradual polymorphic modification of alite …

Self-Assembly Of Black Cumin Oil-Based Nanoemulsion On Various Surfactants: A Molecular Dynamics Study, Aulia Fikri Hidayat, Taufik Muhammad Fakih

Makara Journal of Science

Black cumin is commonly used as traditional medicine due to its wide range of pharmacological potential. Black cumin oil (BCO) was often prepared as nanoemulsion to improve its solubility, stability, and bioavailability. This study was conducted to investigate the molecular behavior as well as structural evolution of BCO-surfactant systems during self-assembly micellization using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Several BCO constituents and variations of surfactants were employed to model BCO-surfactant systems. 50 ns of MD simulations were performed to elucidate their evolution of structures and physicochemical properties during formation. Results showed that BCO-tween20 and BCO-lecithin were able to form spherical-shaped micelles …

Functional Inks And Indicators For Smart Tag Based Intelligent Packaging Applications, Liisa Hakola, Kaisa Vehmas, Maria Smolander

Journal of Applied Packaging Research

Smart Tags are functional, information transmitting elements that combine 2D barcodes and environmental sensing into a cost effective tag that can be attached to e.g. product packages, where additional elements should not increase the product costs significantly. Important feature of these Smart Tags is that they can be attached to products in very high-speed production lines, which makes them suitable to fast moving consumer goods. Because the Smart Tags are sensitive to environmental conditions, they are dynamic, but they also enable context aware services as each of them can be unique. The enabling technologies behind these Smart Tags are i) …

Electro-Organic Synthesis Of Schiff-Bases And Azo-Schiff Bases By Electrochemical Reduction Of The Nitro Group Group In Different Media, Siba Naseef, Deep Bakair, Rushdi Mador

Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

In this research synthesized amino is derivative of Schiff-bases by using electrolysis cell. Electrochemical reduction of para-nitroaniline and electrocatalysed condensation have been carried out at zinc electrode and anode from coal in the presence of potassium chloride as supporting electrolyte in water/methanol solution, and in the application of 20V voltage, where interaction is in two stages: the first stage involves the electrochemical reduction of nitro group and get the amino and the second phase also, azo Schiff was synthesized between para-nitroaniline and metoxybenzealdehyde by electrolysis method, which was supplied with a zinc electrode as cathode to perform electrochemical reduction in …

A Nosy Neighbor: Purification And Functional Characterization Of Lpg2149, Ashley M. Holahan

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Ubiquitination is a process that marks proteins for various cell-signaling pathways, namely protein degradation and other processes. Th ese pathways are essential in a wide array of cellular processes, including defense mechanisms against invading pathogens. Th e ubiquitination process is universally found in all eukaryotic organisms, including plants and animals, and thus plays a vital role in cellular homeostasis. Recently, more discoveries have been made on prokaryotic effector proteins that hijack the ubiquitination system even when they do not possess a ubiquitin system of their own. MavC, also known as lpg2147 (Gan, Nakayasu, Hollenbeck, & Luo, 2019; Puvar et al., …

National Chemistry Week: From Irl To The Web, Ilayda Kelley, Daniela Mesa Sanchez

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

National Chemistry Week, an outreach program initiated by the American Chemical Society (ACS), encourages scientists to bring their love of chemistry to their community. Celebrated nationwide, ACS invites businesses, schools, and individuals to organize and participate in community events to promote the value of chemistry in everyday life. The Purdue graduate student chapter of Iota Sigma Pi, a national honor society for women in chemistry, annually organizes one such celebration. On a normal year, this event is a large logistical undertaking in which 100+ volunteers go directly to over 70 local elementary school classrooms and perform a series of activities …

Hemoglobin-Modified Core–Shell Fe3o4@Au Nanostructures For The Electrochemical Detection Of Acrylamide, Endang Saepudin, Tri Yuliani, Mochammad Arfin Fardiansyah Nasution, Munawar Khalil, Jong Wook Hong, Tribidasari Anggraningrum Ivandini

Makara Journal of Science

In this study, electrochemical detection of acrylamide using hemoglobin (Hb)-modified core–shell Fe₃O₄@Au nanostructures was conducted. Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (~4.9 nm) and core–shell Fe₃O₄@Au (5.0–6.4 nm) nanostructures were successfully synthesized by the thermal decomposition method. Electrochemical investigation revealed that the optimum amount of Hb of 2 mg/mL could be immobilized in 0.1 M acetate buffer solution (pH = 6). Moreover, the detection of acrylamide using Fe₃O₄@Au/Hb was evaluated by the cyclic voltammetry technique. A linear calibration curve (R² = 0.98) in the concentration range of …

Correlation Effects On Intramolecular C-H...Oh And O-H...O Hydrogen Bond Interactions In Azelaic Acid: An Ab Initio Study, Sabina Kalata, Alina Huang, Ruben Parra

DePaul Discoveries

Electron correlation effects on both conventional, O-H…O, and nonconventional, C-H…O, intramolecular hydrogen bonds present in a selected azelaic acid folded conformation were evaluated ab initio using HF and MP2 methodologies. The relative strength of the hydrogen bonds was examined through different indicators derived from geometry, vibrational frequencies, and electron density along the hydrogen bond path. The HF method results in weaker O-H…O and C-H…O hydrogen bonds when compared with the corresponding results using the MP2 method. Additionally, the stability of the folded azelaic conformation is found to depend on the level of theory used. Accordingly, the zero-point corrected energies of …

Carbon Dioxide And Particulate Matter Concentration On Hampton Roads Air Quality, Gregory Hubbard

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Hampton Roads has been a maritime crossroads for the last 400 years. Industrialization has impacted the coastal region for the last 250 years. The expansion of the Port of Virginia in 2019 has created dense traffic in the region resulting in impacts to air quality. Two waste products that affect humans are particulate matter and carbon dioxide. Both respective emissions can cause adverse effects on humans, such as asthma, some lung cancers, and other respiratory distress. Scientists and health practitioners are studying the effects of particulate matter on human health. Hampton Roads, in particular, because of its unique location on …

Karena Mckinney: Mapping A Clearer Picture Of Air Pollution's Effects, Christina Nunez

Colby Magazine

"If we want to control air quality and address climate change, the solution won't involve fiddling with nature's emissions-it will be about cleaning up man-made ones." -Karena McKinney, associate professor of atmospheric chemistry

The Ability Of Vitreous Metabolite Concentration To Determine Time Of Death, Victoria Wiggins

Themis: Research Journal of Justice Studies and Forensic Science

This paper analyzes the ability of vitreous fluid to determine time of death. The high variability in current methods used to establish post-mortem interval (PMI), or the amount of time between death and post-mortem examination make it difficult to obtain an accurate estimation. The concentration of metabolites found within vitreous fluid, such as potassium (K+), hypoxanthine (Hx), and magnesium (Mg), are the most researched alternatives to traditional methods in PMI determination because of the relative isolation of vitreous within the body and its ability to withstand degradation. There is no clear consensus on which metabolite provides the most accurate data …

My Experience Teaching General Chemistry To A Student Who Is Visually Impaired, Katherine M E Stewart

Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities

This paper summarizes my experience with teaching a first-year, General Chemistry course to a visually impaired student. This includes accommodations and modifications for both the lecture material and the laboratory. Included are also examples of formats and syntax for txt-based quizzes, tests, and laboratory reports, as well as other general accommodations for both the student and the service dog.

Diol-Mediated Versus Water-Mediated Proton Transfer Reactions, Angela Moses

DePaul Discoveries

The triple-proton-transfer reactions of 8H-1,8-naphthyridin-2-one (8H-naph) have been investigated by employing different ab initio quantum mechanical methods. The proton transfer reactions studied were facilitated through an adjacent 1,3-propanediol molecule or two adjacent water molecules. Identical proton transfer reactions were studied using a model system of 8H-naph to investigate the validity of computational approaches that use model systems to study more complex systems. The solvent effects on the structures were investigated for comparison to the initial gas phase calculations. The potential energy, reaction force, and work profiles were studied along the intrinsic reaction coordinate to monitor the developing proton transfer reactions.

Singing The Moly Blues: The Direct Use Of Molybdenum Clusters As A Precursor To The Development Of Molybdenum Blue Glazes, Margaret Fiedler

Undergraduate Review

Cobalt is currently the most commonly used blue colorant for ceramic glazes, however due to its toxicity in powder form there is a need for an alternative. Molybdenum, more specifically molybdenum oxide, is one alternative that has shown promise. This research is aimed at the direct incorporation of reduced molybdenum clusters into the glaze matrix. Two compounds have been synthesized that exhibit an intense blue color, Na₁₅[Mo^VI₁₂₆Mo^V₂₈O₄₅₇H₁₄(H₂O)₇₀]_0.5-[Mo^VI₁₂₄Mo^V₂₈O₄₂₇H₁₄(H₂O)₆₈]_{0.5 …}

Fenske-Hall Approximate Molecular Orbital Analysis Of The Chelating Carbene Complex Eta5-Cp'(Co)Mn{C(Oet)Ch2pph2}, John P. Graham

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The novel three legged piano stool chelating carbene complex, Cp'(CO)Mn{C(OEt)CH2PPh2}, 1, exhibits interesting structural, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. It also readily undergoes reaction with CO to produce the three legged piano stool complex Cp'(CO)2{PPh2C(OEt)=CH2}, 2. This is in contrast to the analogous non-chelating complex Cp(CO)(PPh3)Mn{C(OMe)CH2CH3}, 3, which does not react with CO. This paper discusses the results of Fenske-Hall approximate molecular orbital calculations on model complexes for 1 and 3. The differences in spectroscopic and electrochemical properties are explained using molecular orbital analysis. Possible reasons for the enhanced reactivity of 1are also presented.

S-H Stretching Frequencies In Ruthenium Mercaptan Complexes And The Crystal And Molecular Structures Of [Cpru(Pph3)2(S-C4h, Haengsoon Park, David Minick, Mark Draganjac, Joey W. Crump, A. W. Cordes, Elizabeth M. Holt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

New Header Treatment Aids Weevil Control, J H. Moulden

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

A new insecticide formulation supplied in high pressure cylinders simplifies weevil control in headers.

Simplified Sheep Skin Tanning, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Most people would agree that a white sheepskin rug adds a touch of luxury to any home.

The following method will produce dressed, woolly sheep skins with chemicals and equipment available to any householder.

Progress In Weed Control, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In May, 1967, the "Journal of Agriculture" printed a special issue on weed control, with the emphasis on chemicals for weed control in cereal crops.

This month, just two years later, enough new information has accumulated to warrant publication of another "theme" issue, this time with important articles on weed control in pastures, chemical firebreaks and chemical ploughing, as well as weed control in linseed and cereal crops.

Citrus Growers : Don't Blow Up Your Colouring Rooms, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THERE have been several dangerous incidents associated with the use of acetylene in citrus colouring chambers recently, and growers are warned to take care when using this explosive gas.

Specific Gravities And Fluidity Factors Of Glaze Slips, E. S. Amos

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.