Materials Chemistry Commons^™

Calcium Zincate Prepared By Ball Mill Method, Sheng-Xian Li, Shuan-Bao Tian, Shao-Shan Zhu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Calcium zincate was prepared by ball milling method and the factors that influence its synthesis were investigated. The composition of the compound was Ca(OH)₂·2Zn(OH)_2^·2H₂O, which was verified by XRD and TG-DTA methods. The results of powder microelectrode and in simulated batteries showed that the material had excellent cyclic performance.

Influence Of Rare Earth Oxide On The Performance Of Secondary Zinc Electrodes, Xian-Ling Meng, Hua-Bin Yang, Jun-Hong Wang, Zuo-Xiang Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Influence of La(OH)₃ or Ce(OH)₃ in secondary zinc electrode was investigated by the cyclic voltammetry, potentiodynamic polarizationand potentiostatic polarization tests and influence of La₂O₃ or CeO₂ in the charge/discharge performance of Zn/Ni battery was studied by galvanostatic charge/discharge experiment. The results showed that the film of rare earth hydroxide prevented the zincate species from transferring toward solution, enhanced hydrogen overpotential and decreased thecorrosion current density (i_corr), and therefore inhibited zinc corrosion. The potentiostatic polarization results at100mV overpotential showed that La(OH)₃ or Ce(OH)₃ oated on the zinc electrode effectively suppressed the …

The Fabrication And Electrochemical Studies On Carbon Nanotube Array Electrodes, Quan-Yong Gao, Jing Zhang, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

An improved technique for fabrication of carbon nanotube array electrodes has been proposed in this work. Firstly, carbon nanotubes (CNs) array electrodes were prepared by combsination of Chemical Vapor Decomposition (CVD) method and sputtering techniques in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. The CNs/AAO was immersed into HF solution to remove the barrier layer. Controlling the immersing time, the CNs array electrodes with different length contacted with electrolyte can be prepared. The morphology of CNs array electrodes was observed by SEM. The electrochemical properties of CNs array electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetric curves of …

Corrosion Behavior Of Mg2-XLaXNi And Mg2-XCeXNi Hydrogen Storage Alloy, Hai-Chang Zhang, Hua-Bin Yang, Jun-Hong Wang, Zuo-Xiang Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

The corrosion behavior of Mg-base hydrogen storage alloys has been investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and EIS. The results showed that the corrosion current density (i_corr) and the electrochemical polarized resistance of Mg_2-xCe_xNi alloys decreased with x increase, while i_corr of Mg_2-xLa_xNi alloys increased and the electrochemical polarized resistance of Mg_2-xLa_xNi alloys increased first, then decreased with x increase. SEM results showed that the surface of Mg_1.85Ce_0.15Ni alloy was relatively even while the surface of Mg_2-xLa_xNi alloy had …

A Study Of Metal Borides As High Capacity Anode Materials For Aqueous Primary Batteries, Ya-Dong Wang, Xin-Ping Ai, Han-Xi Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The transition metal borides VB₂ and TiB₂ were tested as high capacity anode materials and their electrochemical behaviors were studied by cyclic voltammetry and discharge measurements. The experimental results indicated that transition metal borides VB₂ and TiB₂ electrodes can deliver exceptionally high discharge capacity of over 3100 mAh/g and 1 600 mAh/g respectively, corresponding to 11- and 6-electron oxidation reaction, although their parent elements V, Ti and boron, are almost completely electrochemically inert. The different electrochemical activitis were probably due to the electrochemical activation of boron, which clamp the potential to passivation for Ti and activity …

Study On The New Technique Of Cu Micro-Plating Based On Ceramics, Zhi-Jun Gu, Xiong-Chao Zhao, Qi-Long Guo, Yan-Ping Hong, Qun-Shan Deng, Ren-Huan Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

By combing the computer processing system (including the design of the line and the pattern, the choice of the scanning area and the treatment of the activation) with the electroless-plating technology, this article provides a new approach for the micro-plating based on the ceramics. The copper film based on ceramics with good properties can be obtained under the mild operating conditions. The line resolution is 35 μm and the wiring speed is 50 mm/s. The results had also showed that the quality of the copper plating is closely related to the roughness of the ceramic substrates.

Electrochemical Performance Of Gel Polymer Electrolyte Prepared By Thermal Initiating Polymerization Of Acrylates, Jin-Dan Piao, Li-Xia Yuan, Xin-Ping Ai, Han-Xi Yang, Yu-Liang Cao

Journal of Electrochemistry

A gel polymer electrolyte was prepared by thermal initiating polymerization of the acrylates in the EC/EMC/DMC electrolyte solution at 100℃. The LiCoO₂/MCMB polymer cells were assembled and their electrochemical properties were evaluated at various charge-discharge rate and temperatures. The ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte containing 85wt.% liquid electrolyte is around 3.2×10^-3 S·cm^-1  at 20℃ and 5.6×10^-4 S·cm^-1 at -30℃ respectively. The gel polymer electrolyte has good electrochemical stability up to 4.5V versus Li/Li⁺.The first charge-discharge efficiency of the polymer cell at 0.2C rate is almost 92.1%. The discharge capacity of the …

The Electrophoretic Deposition Of Nano Hydroxyapatite Coating On Titanium Surface, Fei Chen, Chang-Jian Lin, Zhou-Cheng Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A hydroxyapatite coating with nano-structure on the roughened titanium surface was prepared by electrophoretic deposition process. To decrease sintering temperature the HAp nanoparticles synthesizedby a wet chemical method was used. It is observed that the coating is uniform without cracks. After sintering the nano-strueture of HAp coating remains unchanged. The surface treatment of Ti is applied to form a distribution of small pits and TiO₂ thin layer that improve the adhesion of coatingto Ti substrate. It is shown that the bonding strength of coating is as high as 18±2.5MPa. The hardness and Young's modulus are 40.6 and 0.42 GPa, …

Application Of Carbon Paste Electrode On The Electrogenerative-Leaching Process Of Sulfide Minerals, Shao-Fen Wang, Zheng Fang, Yun-Yan Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The cyclic voltammetry curves of sulfide mineral electrodes or corresponding carbon paste electrodes in NaCl electrolytes have been obtained in this study. The experimental results indicate that acetylene black (revealed) the electro-catalytic propertyin the electrogenerative-leaching process of sulfide minerals. The output currentand potential of carbon paste electrodes were increased to some degrees while the activation energies were lower.

Preparation Of Poly (Bromophenol Blue) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode And Its Electrocatalytic Activity, Wei Chen, Hong-Bin Luo, Xin-Hua Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

A film of poly (bromophenol blue) was formed on a glassy carbon electrode by using cyclic voltammetry. A stable film could be obtained with a potential range from -1.0 V to +1.8 V (vs.Ag/AgCl). The experimental results showed that the poly (bromophenol blue) modified glassy carbon electrode could catalyse the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It decreased the oxidation potential by about 270mV but increased the peak current. Meanwhile, this electrode showed a good linear current response for the ascorbic acid range from 2.5 to 250 (g/mL).

Electrochemical Properties Of Polymeric Gel Electrolyte With Gbl/Ec As Plasticizers, Yu-Wen Liu, Yong Zhang, Xiao-Long Li, Qi-Ping Gu, Cui-Fen Zhang, Yu-Dong Huang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Polymeric gel electrolytes (GPE) based on PMMA and PVDF-HFP were prepared using the binary mixtures of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and ethylene carbonate (EC) as plasticizers. The ionic transport properties and electrochemical stability were studied. The room temperature conductivity reached 1.2 mS·cm^-1, electrochemical stability window exceeded 4.5V. The interfacial stability between GPE and lithium electrode was also investigated. The lithium metal polymer battery (LMPB) prepared with the GPE showed better charge and discharge life cycle when the the lithium metal electrode was treated with 1,4-dioxane.

Research On Phenol Wastewater Treatment By Electrochemical Oxidation, Tian-Cheng Li, Shen-Lin Zhu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical oxidation is an effective technology for the phenol wastewater treatment, and the anode properties are important to the electrochemical oxidationefficiency. The over-potentials of oxygen evolution have been measured for thestainless steel, feasible graphite and SnO₂/Ti anode respectively. Moreover, the synthetic phenol wastewater was treated by the electrochemical oxidation with the stainless steel or feasible graphite anodes. The experimental results showed that the order of the over-potential is SnO₂/Ti > graphite > stainless steel; meanwhile, the COD values of purified water were approaching to or less than 100 mg·L^-1, and the phenol concentrations in the purified …

Planar-To-Tubular Structural Transition In Boron Clusters: B20 As The Embryo Of Single-Walled Boron Nanotubes, Boggavarapu Kiran, Satya S. Bulusu, Hua-Jin Zhai, Soohaeng Yoo, Xiao Cheng Zeng, Lai-Sheng Wang

Xiao Cheng Zeng Publications

Experimental and computational simulations revealed that boron clusters, which favor planar (2D) structures up to 18 atoms, prefer 3D structures beginning at 20 atoms. Using global optimization methods, we found that the B₂₀ neutral cluster has a double-ring tubular structure with a diameter of 5.2 Å. For the B₂₀^- anion, the tubular structure is shown to be isoenergetic to 2D structures, which were observed and confirmed by photoelectron spectroscopy. The 2D-to-3D structural transition observed at B₂₀, reminiscent of the ring-to-fullerene transition at C₂₀ in carbon clusters, suggests it may be considered as the embryo …

Nonlinear Dynamics Of Piezoelectric High Displacement Actuators In Cantilever Mode, Timothy Usher, Alec Sim

Physics Faculty Publications

Experimental results of the nonlinear dynamic response of a piezoelectric high displacement actuator known as thin-layer composite unimorph ferroelectric driver and sensor were compared to a theoretical model, which utilizes the multiple scales method to connect the effective spring constant to higher-order stiffness constants c4 of the piezoelectric layer. This type of actuator has prestress gradients resulting from the manufacturing process that have been reported to play an important role in enhanced actuation. A value of c₄=−4.7x10²⁰ N/m² was obtained for the higher-order lead zirconate titanate (PZT) stiffness coefficient, which is higher than other published results …

Corrosion Of Steel By Lead Bismuth Eutectic, John Farley, Allen L. Johnson, Dale L. Perry

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

There is an active international interest in lead-bismuth eutectic and similar liquid lead systems because of the relevance to the transmutation of nuclear waste, fast reactors, and spallation neutron sources.

Materials in these systems must be able to tolerate high neutron fluxes, high temperatures, and chemical corrosion. For lead bismuth eutectic (LBE) systems, there is an additional challenge because the corrosive behaviors of materials in LBE are not well understood. Most of the available information on LBE systems has come from the Russians, who have over 80 reactor-years experience with LBE coolant in their Alpha-class submarine reactors. The Russians found …

Environment-Induced Degradation And Crack-Growth Studies Of Candidate Target Materials, Ajit K. Roy

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

The primary objective of this task was to evaluate the effects of environmental and mechanical parameters on environment induced degradations of candidate target structural materials for applications in spallation-neutron-target systems. The materials selected for evaluation and characterization were martensitic stainless steels including Alloys HT-9, EP-823, and 422.

Accelerator-driven transmutation systems involve bombarding a target material such as molten lead-bismuth-eutectic (LBE) by a proton beam, thereby producing neutrons. The molten LBE target will be contained in a subsystem structural container made of a suitable material such as Alloys HT-9, EP-823, and 422. During the transmutation process, the target structural material may …

Modeling Corrosion In Oxygen Controlled Lbe Systems With Coupling Of Chemical Kinetics And Hydrodynamics, Samir Moujaes, Yitung Chen

Transmutation Sciences Materials (TRP)

The corrosion of structural materials is a major concern for the use of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) systems for nuclear applications such as in transmuter targets or fast reactors. Corrosion in liquid metal systems can occur through various processes, including, for example, dissolution, formation of inter-metallic compounds at the interface, and penetration of liquid metal along grain boundaries. Predicting the rate of these processes depends on numerous system operational factors: temperature, system geometry, thermal gradients, solid and liquid compositions, and velocity of the liquid metal, to name a few. Corrosion, along with mechanical and/or hydraulic factors, often contributes to component failure. …