Environmental Chemistry Commons^™

The Inhibition Activity Of Tert-Butylhydroquinone Towards Corrosion Of Aluminum, Copper And Stainless Steel In Biodiesel Blend B20 Alternative Fuel, Chaza Joumaa, Ibtissam Saad, Ghassan Younes

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) has been investigated as corrosion inhibitor for aluminum; copper and stainless steel in biodiesel blend B20 by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with an increase in the concentration of TBHQ but decreases with increasing temperature from 30℃ to 60℃. A maximum inhibition efficiency of about 61.52% for aluminum was recorded for THBQ in biodiesel blend B20 at temperature 30℃ and at a concentration of 4x10^-6 M which is the lowest concentration used compared to the concentrations of TBHQ used for the other metals (copper and stainless steel). Theoretical …

Characterization Of Landfill Leachate For Enhanced Metal Recovery, Hanna Fulford, Amisha Shah, Inez Hua, Nadezhda Zyaykina, Lori Hoagland, Alejandro Rodriguez Sanchez, Umut Bicim

Discovery Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Research Internship

Landfills contain a trove of valuable materials, such as critical, precious, and rare earth metals, that are integral to the United State’s economy and national security. The leachate that filters through landfills picks up these materials, which allows for the possibility of recovery. For this research, samples will be analyzed from landfills throughout the Midwestern United States to provide a baseline on water quality constituents, elements present, and microbial activity. Preliminary data for this study was acquired by analyzing samples of landfill leachate from a landfill in northern Indiana. pH readings indicate that the leachate is slightly basic. It also …

Modeling Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Large-Scale Intensive Cropping Systems In The Southern Amazon, Ciniro Costa Jr., Gillian L. Galford, Michael T. Coe, Marcia Macedo, Kathijo Jankowski, Christine S. O'Connell, Christopher Neill

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer use is rapidly intensifying on tropical croplands and has the potential to increase emissions of the greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N₂O). Since about 2005 Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil has shifted from single-cropped soybeans to double-cropping soybeans with maize, and now produces 1.5% of the world's maize. This production shift required an increase in N fertilization, but the effects on N₂O emissions are poorly known. We calibrated the process-oriented biogeochemical DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) model to simulate N₂O emissions and crop production from soybean and soybean-maize cropping systems in MT. After model validation with …

Formation Of Reactive Nitrogen Species During Dichloramine Decay And Their Impact On N Nitrosodimethylamine Formation Under Drinking Water Conditions, Huong Thu Pham

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

NDMA occurrence and formation pathways in drinking water systems are reviewed and NDMA yields are compared on the basis of disinfectant type, water chemistry, and precursor category. In chloramination, despite monochloramine being the predominant species between pH 7-9, evidence suggests that dichloramine is the primary species involved in NDMA formation. This is somewhat confounding as NDMA yields are maximal at pH 9, yet at pH 9 dichloramine decays faster than it forms and hence is present at trace levels; additionally, the proposed mechanism involves a spin-forbidden incorporation of dissolved oxygen as a triplet, which is presumably kinetically slow. This review …

Is Bog Water Chemistry Affected By Increasing N And S Deposition From Oil Sands Development In Northern Alberta, Canada?, R. Kelman Wieder, Melanie A. Vile, Kimberli D. Scott, James C. Quinn, Cara M. Albright, Kelly J. Mcmillen, Caitlyn Herron, Hope Fillingim

Public Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Nitrogen and sulfur emissions from oil sands operations in northern Alberta, Canada have resulted in increasing deposition of N and S to the region's ecosystems. To assess whether a changing N and S deposition regime affects bog porewater chemistry, we sampled bog porewater at sites at different distances from the oil sands industrial center from 2009 to 2012 (10-cm intervals to a depth of 1 m) and from 2009 to 2019 (top of the bog water table only). We hypothesized that: (1) as atmospheric N and S deposition increases with increasing proximity to the oil sands industrial center, surface porewater …

On-Road Nox Emissions Evaluation Of The Repair Effectiveness For Recalled Volkswagen Group Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles In The United States, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

The admission by the Volkswagen Group in the fall of 2015 that they had duped the United States new vehicle emissions certification testing resulted in perhaps the most expensive violation of U.S. environmental vehicle emission regulations in its history. As part of the subsequent recall of more than 500,000 vehicles in the U.S., owners could sell their vehicles back to the companies or have them repaired. We have used a number of large on-road emission measurement data sets that were routinely collected before and after the recall to evaluate the fuel specific NO_x emissions benefit for the vehicles that …

A Chemical Mineralogy Study Of ‎The Pad Laba Rocks And The Amber ‎Formation In Al-Basit, North- ‎Western Syria, Mahmoud Qoujah

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

The aim of this research is to investigate pillow - lava rocks and amper formation, which located ‎in the top of Syrian ophiolite complex. We test about (50) chemical and mineralogical analyses, ‎to find out the concentration, type, and the distribution of these metals and minerals, in the ‎Bassit region in Latakia. This study help to define the petrogenesis of ambers and he's ‎relationship with upper pillow - lava, we thought that amber was formed by the result of some ‎reasons such destruc tion of pillow - lava, or the result of reaction of lava with seawater, or ‎hydrothermal activity …

Corrosion Prevention On Aluminum Alloy, Andrea Brenner

Symposium of Student Scholars

Aluminum alloy (Al-alloy) is a widely used metal in construction, aerospace, aviation, and other necessary fields due to its lightweight and tweakable properties. However, corrosion is inevitable on metals and alloys, and that causes millions of dollars of revenue loss every year. Therefore, we propose to research fabricating coating to prevent corrosion on Al-alloy. This study uses an iron-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and polyurethane (PU) based composite coating to prevent corrosion on the Al-alloy. The makeup of the composite material is changed by varying the percentage of MOF. In addition, a binder is also used to enhance the homogenization between …

Pollution In Rainwater Harvesting: A Challenge For Sustainability And Resilience Of Urban Agriculture, Yang Deng

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Water plays a pivotal role in urban agriculture. Although rainwater harvesting (RWH) is viewed as a sustainable route for crop irrigation at an urban setting, rainwater contaminants challenge the RWH practices due to potential threats to the health of crops, soil, and human (i.e., farm workers and food consumers). This frontier review article first recognized principal pollutants of irrigation concern in harvested rainwater based on literature data and crop irrigation demands. Major traditional pollutants, likely exceeding irrigation quality criteria, include particles, some toxic metals (e.g., Cd, Cu, and Zn), certain synthetic organic chemicals (e.g., agrochemicals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and …

Thin Safety Margin: The Sefor Super-Prompt-Critical Transient Experiments, Ozark Mountains, Arkansas 1970–1971, Jerry Havens, Collis Geren

Arkansas Scholarly Editions

Thin Safety Margin charts the history of SEFOR, a twenty-megawatt reactor that operated for three years in the rural Ozark Mountains of Arkansas as part of an internationally sponsored program designed to demonstrate the Doppler effect in plutonium-oxide-fueled fast reactors. Authors Jerry Havens and Collis Geren draw upon this history to assess the accidental explosion risk inherent in using fast reactors to reduce the energy industry’s carbon dioxide emissions.

If a sufficiently powerful fast-neutron explosion were to cause the containment of a reactor such as SEFOR’s to fail, the reactor’s radiotoxic plutonium fuel could vaporize and escape into the surrounding …

Vermiculations In Painted Caves: New Inputs From Laboratory Experiments And Field Observations, Perrine Freydier, Eric Weber, Jérôme Martin, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Béatrice Guerrier, Frédéric Doumenc

International Journal of Speleology

Vermiculations are aggregates of small particles commonly found on cave walls. They are a major concern for the conservation of painted caves, as they can potentially alter valuable prehistoric cave paintings. A previous rheological study of fine sediment deposits on cave walls revealed that this material can undergo a solid-to-liquid transition triggered by variations in the chemical composition of the water film on the wall. Such a transition could occur at the origin of vermiculations by allowing the sediment to flow under low mechanical stress. In this work, we provide quantitative information on the conditions leading to this transition and …

Novel Pilot Development Of A Closed-Loop Sustainable System Between Biogas Renewable Energy, Distilling, And Aquaculture By Vermiculture Of Stillage Wastes, Samuel C. Kessler

The Cardinal Edge

This study provides a mixed-methods approach in analyzing a potential closed-loop system between renewable biogas production from anaerobic digestion, vermiculture production, aquaculture production, and organic wastes with a particular focus on stillage wastes. Such system may hold significant promise for significantly reducing organic carbon and methane emissions from its components, and should be assessed for such. The 2021 IPCC report essentially identified methane reduction as the single fastest way to slow global warming (IPCC, 2021), making the study and implementation of methane-reducing systems and supportive policy for them critical. Knowledge gaps to implementing this system were qualitatively identified as disconnect …

Does A Bottom-Up Mechanism Promote Hypoxia In The Mississippi Bight?, Virginie Sanial, Willard S. Moore, Alan M. Shiller

Faculty Publications

The Mississippi Bight, east of the Mississippi River, is a complex coastal ecosystem that, like the better-known Louisiana Shelf to the west, experiences seasonal bottom water hypoxia. However, input of allochthonous nutrients from the Mississippi River to the Mississippi Bight appears to be limited, begging the question of what drives seasonal hypoxia in this system. Prior research has suggested submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) could be an overlooked component of the Mississippi Bight biogeochemical system. We thus examined the hypothesis that SGD provides a “bottom up” driver for seasonal hypoxia in this area. We used a multi-tracer approach based on known …

Utah - Perry Port Of Entry 2020, University Of Denver

FEAT Heavy-Duty Vehicle Measurements

Relevant Publications

Environmental Science & Technology publication.

Utah DEQ Final Report

Washington - Feat Bridge Based Train Measurements 2012, University Of Puget Sound

Non-Road Vehicle Data

Relevant Publications

Atmospheric Environment Publication (2019)

Development Of An Lcms Analytical Method With Applicability To Determination Of Trace Level Explosives In Environmental Waters, Cristina I. Veresmortean

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Traces of explosives and their degradation products present in explosives contaminated sites from military sources, such as training facilities, impose a great concern over the public health and our eco-system. This work is centered around finding an efficient way to extraction of these chemicals from water samples and their analysis using advanced separation technology: LC-MS/MS Shimadzu Prominence 8050 and AB Sciex Trap 4000 LC-MS/MS. Different extraction methods will be proposed, along with chromatographic and mass spectroscopy method development. Dependent on the target analyte polarity, thermal degradation, solubility and type of matrix, an appropriate method of analysis will be established. The …

Modeling Vitexin And Isovitexin Flavones As Corrosion Inhibitors For Aluminium Metal, Abdullahi Muhammad Ayuba, Umaru Umar

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Theoretically, the aluminium corrosion inhibitive performance of vitexin (VTX) and isovitexin (SVT) were evaluated with a view of establishing the mechanism of the inhibition process. Calculations which include the consideration of several global descriptors were studied to describe and correlate the reactivity of the molecules with the computed descriptors. First and second-order condensed Fukui functions were employed to analyze local reactivity parameters, while simulations involving the adsorbed molecules on Al (1 1 0) surface were conducted through quench dynamic simulations and the mechanism of physical adsorption was established with SVT relatively been a better inhibitor on Al surface than VTX.

Unintended Consequences Of Air Cleaning Chemistry, Douglas B. Collins, Delphine K. Farmer

Faculty Journal Articles

Amplified interest in maintaining clean indoor air associated with the airborne transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 have led to an expansion in the market for commercially available air cleaning systems. While the optimal way to mitigate indoor air pollutants or contaminants is to control (remove) the source, air cleaners are a tool for use when absolute source control is not possible. Interventions for indoor air quality management include physical removal of pollutants through ventilation or collection on filters and sorbent materials, along with chemically reactive processes that transform pollutants or seek to deactivate biological entities. This perspective intends to highlight the …

High Altitude Ballooning As A Platform For Measuring Ozone Uptake Over Agricultural Landscapes, Thomas Sykora, Mark Potosnak

DePaul Discoveries

Measuring plant health is a key aspect in maximizing crop outputs. One often overlooked risk to crop fields is damage caused by stomatal ozone uptake; measuring this uptake is an important tool in understanding crop losses. Traditional methods for measuring plant ozone uptake are prohibitively expensive and rely on equipment that cannot easily be moved. Here, we propose high-altitude weather ballooning as a cost-effective alternative for measuring ozone uptake on a regional (~10 km) spatial scale. Ozonesounde data was obtained with weather balloons launched from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration research station in Boulder, Colorado. This data was then …

The Variability Of Seawater Carbonate Chemistry In Two Florida Urban Mangrove Ecosystems, Alexandrina R. Rangel

All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations

Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions into the atmosphere are yielding serious impacts across the world’s ocean, including ocean acidification, sea level rise, and increasing seawater temperature. However, these changes are not occurring uniformly across all marine ecosystems. Coastal ecosystems, such as mangroves, already experience extreme and variable environmental conditions due to natural biogeochemical and physical processes. The goal of this study was to document small-scale variability in two urban mangrove ecosystems to gain insight into how ocean acidification will manifest within these systems. Using a stand-up paddleboard, a suite of sensors, and traditional bottle sampling techniques, we measured …

Impacts Of Oil And Gas Wastes On Landfill Leachate, Sewage Treatment Plants, And The Environment, Lauren Badertscher

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Between January 2011 and March 2021 oil and gas wells in Pennsylvania produced

305,637,795 barrels of liquid waste and 6,992,957 tons of solid waste with the majority from

Marcellus Shale unconventional wells. This waste is not considered hazardous and over 89% of

the solid waste generated by unconventional and conventional oil and gas extraction has been

disposed of in landfills over the past decade. This study examined trends in the quantity of waste

produced and methods of disposal. Landfills accepting this waste were identified and their

general method of leachate treatment, using onsite facilities or offsite at wastewater treatment

plants, …

Development Of Standard Operating Procedure With Modified Method To Quantify Benzene And Other Volatile Organic Compounds In Air Samples Using Gas Chromatography, Heather Hall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) Department of Environmental Science has recently invested in a gas chromatograph which can be used to analyze air samples for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). The goal of this project was to develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) and modify the current method for the detection of VOCs associated with oil and gas drilling activity to accommodate the equipment and capabilities of SFASU Environmental Assessment Lab. This study aims to provide the framework for future research in air quality monitoring in the Eagle Ford Shale area. An …

Laboratory Investigation Of Cyanide Evolution During Reaction Between Hypochlorous Acid And Glycine, Luz Chavez

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Fresh water treatment and conservation is of great importance in a society with a growing population. Ensuring water safety is a crucial task for water treatment plants. Advances in science and technology have allowed for the testing and study of potentially harmful side substances produced by water sanitation methods, one of those substances is cyanide (-CN). Previous research correlated a significant increase of cyanide levels in effluent water sanitized with a chlorination method. Research has also proposed a mechanism for the formation of cyanogen chloride (CNCl) from reactions with amino acids during the chlorination process. Flow injection analysis was chosen …

Physiological, Biochemical, And Metabolic Responses Of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Exposed To Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid (Pfos), Polycarp Chidiebere Ofoegbu

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The effects of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on agricultural plants is a serious environmental concern that needs to be addressed. PFOS is a member of a class of organic chemical compounds known as per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). These compounds are utility chemicals in household, commercial, and industrial items, but have become environmental contaminants of global concern. Full lifecycle and short-term exposure studies of wheat grown in soil amended with 0, 25, and 50 mg/kg PFOS were conducted to assess the impacts of PFOS on wheat. PFOS uptake analysis, physiological assays, elemental analysis, and metabolomics were carried out in the full …

Desorption Of Non-Exchangeable Radiocesium In Soil From Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, Grayson Phillips

Master of Science in Chemical Sciences Theses

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Powerplant was struck by an earthquake and a tsunami resulting in the meltdown of four of the six reactor cores operating at the plant. As a result, nuclear waste was released from the plant, contaminating the soil in the region. Most of the contamination was sequestered within the few inches of the soil but unluckily the contamination, radiocesium formed a non-exchangeable bond. The Japanese government bagged this soil and has stored it in fields surrounding the exclusion zone. Long-term storage facilities have not been determined. This is a study of the available resources to determine if, …

Functionalized Ionic Liquids For Improved Co2 Hydrogenation Catalysts, Amol Nanduji Jaybhaye

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Climate change is one of the biggest problems we are facing today, and anthropogenic greenhouse gases contribute significantly to it. Among greenhouse gasses, carbon dioxide emission is increased drastically and affecting majorly for increasing global temperature, and anything we can do to mitigate carbon dioxide emission will be helpful. A carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction is a promising technique that can convert carbon dioxide into value-added chemicals, but the reaction rate is slow, and for that, we can use catalysts that will accelerate the reaction rate. Platinum-based nanoparticles have sparked research related to energy and environmental catalysts. Catalytic properties are depending …

Investigation Of Factors Influencing Recombination Versus Disproportionation Of Complex Radicals Formed By C-N Homolysis Of Breslow Type Intermediates And Related Compounds, Taylor Burnett

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Electron rich enamines are capable of C-N bond homolysis and subsequent recombination and/or disproportionation. It is unclear what causes these radicals to undergo recombination or disproportionation. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations do not provide a transition state for the recombination and disproportionation processes and therefore they cannot be used to predict the favorable reaction. Breslow intermediates formed by deprotonation of thiazolium salts and reaction with aromatic aldehydes are examples of electron rich enamines. These breslow intermediates can undergo C-N bond homolysis to form a radical pair the either recombine or disproportionate. Upon investigation of the factors influencing recombination and disproportionation, …

Bioethanol Production: Glucose Testing And Quantification Using Dns Analysis And Addition Analytical Methods, Dineen Vogler, Barnabas Gikonyo

McNair Scholars Program

The search for alternative ways to create a more sustainable and environmentally friendly source of energy, other than fossil fuels, has been ongoing for many years. Particularly, the production of biofuels has become of interest. One effort has been through the creation of first-generation biofuels that curb greenhouse gas emissions, unlike fossil fuels. However, first generation biofuels lead to the increase in food prices which negatively impacts developing countries, as they use food sources to produce biofuel. To mitigate this issue, second generation biofuels are considered as a better alternative. Instead of hindering the food supply, second generation biofuels aim …

An Experimental Study Of Evaporites On Titan: Implications For Lake Composition And Future Missions, Ellen Czaplinski

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Titan is the only other planetary body in the solar system with liquid on the surface. With a surface temperature and pressure of 89 – 94 K and 1.5 bar (N2), respectively, Titan’s lakes are comprised of liquid hydrocarbons, predominantly methane and ethane. Over time, Titan’s lakes may evaporate, leaving behind residual deposits (evaporites). The evaporation processes and composition of the evaporites is poorly understood. I address these outstanding questions by experimentally investigating the physical and spectral properties of evaporites at Titan surface conditions using an experimental chamber.

Chapter 1 addresses the formation of ethylene evaporites. Ethylene evaporites form more …

Engineered Nanostructured Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Network (Ndc) Electrodes With Unprecedented Cycling Stability For Water Capacitive Deionization In Harsh Conditions, Soha Essam Anwar

Theses and Dissertations

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a feasible low-cost desalination technique for low-to-medium (brackish) salinity water. However, cycling stability and regeneration of the CDI electrodes are the bottlenecks hindering the practical application of the technology on large scale. Oxidation of the electrodes during the sequential adsorption-desorption processes is one of the most challenging problems hindering their long-term cycling performance. Herein, we demonstrated the ability to design and fabricate exceptionally stable CDI electrodes via a one-pot pyrolysis protocol. The optimized pyrolysis of nitrogen-carbon precursors at different temperatures enabled the fabrication of carbon materials with a controlled amount nitrogen dopant (NDCs) with exceptional cycling …