Chemistry Commons^™

Vibrational Spectroscopy For The Detection, Identification, And Differentiation Of Body Fluids And Fingermarks In Forensic Investigations, Samuel Joel Sears

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This thesis examines the recent literature that has explored the applications of vibrational spectroscopy in forensic science. Specifically, this thesis focuses on how vibrational spectroscopy has improved the detection, identification, and differentiation of body fluid and fingermark evidence in forensic investigations. It is here shown that novel, vibrational spectroscopic techniques have the potential to provide new insights to forensic investigators, and thus revolutionize the field of forensic science. This thesis has been adapted with permission from {Innovative Vibrational Spectroscopy Research for Forensic Application. Alexis Weber, Bailey Hoplight, Rhilynn Ogilvie, Claire Muro, Shelby R. Khandasammy, Luis Pérez-Almodóvar, Samuel Sears, and Igor …

Development Of New Mass Spectrometric Approaches For Biomarker Discovery: Application To Complex Biological Matrices For Tissue Characterization And Disease Diagnosis, Allix Marie Coon

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In this work, the newly developed technique laser ablation direct analysis in real – time high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry (LADI-MS) and the more established methods direct analysis in real time – high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) and two-dimensional gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS), were used to interrogate challenging plant- and human-derived complex matrices that have proven difficult to analyze by conventional methods, in order to extract heretofore inaccessible information that can be applied to the understanding of wood systems biology, ecophysiology, dendrochronology and natural product isolation of biologically relevant compounds (on the plant side), and explore the potential for discovery …

Development Of Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry Approaches For The Characterization And Quantification Of Psychoactive Small-Molecule Constituents In Complex Plant Matrices, Megan Isabella Chambers

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Drug chemistry sections of forensic crime laboratories are tasked with analyzing a variety of unknown materials, a subset of which are derived from plants. In comparison to the analysis of small-molecule drugs, these plant matrices are incredibly complex and present unique challenges. When traditional chromatographic approaches are used to interrogate these materials in forensic investigations, large amounts of time, resources, and funds are directed towards the extensive sample preparation steps required. Exacerbating the issue is that the matrix characteristics often result in instrument downtime to accomplish the maintenance required to address ingredients adhering to columns or clogging syringes, which are …

Dart-Hrms And Chemometric Analysis For Applications In Forensic Entomology, Amy Marie Osborne

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Forensic entomology, the utilization of insects in the course of legal investigations, is a broad field which encompasses three main branches: medico-legal, stored-product, and urban. This body of research focuses on the first two branches. The first branch, medico-legal forensic entomology, generally applies to death investigations. In death investigations it is imperative to establish the time since death (postmortem interval) and cause of death. Both of these queries can be difficult to assess for remains that are in mid- to late- stages of decay. Carrion insects found on and near the body can assist forensic investigators in this task, as …

Biomimetic Synthesis Of Hitorins A And B And Discovery Of Porous Metallopolymers, Tianran Zhai

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This work focuses on two research directions: the total synthesis of natural products hitorins A and B and the synthesis of porous metallopolymers/ metallooligomers and study of their properties. Nature has a good understanding and makes good use of cascade reactions to generate complex natural structures. The synthesis of hitorins A and B employed a radical cascade starting from a rare intermolecular alkoxy radical-olefin coupling reaction in our biomimetic synthetic strategy. A radical clock experiment was designed to reveal the mechanism for the key alkoxy radical-olefin coupling cascade. Microporous materials have many applications in diverse areas including gas separation, electronic …

Post-Synthetic Modification Of Metal-Organic Frameworks And Demonstration Of Their Characteristics For Chemistry Education, Audrey Barbara Crom

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have risen in popularity in recent decades due to their applications in gas storage, separations, and catalysis. The vast potential of these materials is a result of the inherent characteristics and properties afforded by the composition and combination of ligand and metal clusters used to construct MOFs. In this dissertation, we explore the properties and capabilities of these frameworks from a variety of perspectives. First, we demonstrate the characteristics of MOFs in experiments designed to be suitable for integration in an educational environment. Inorganic chemistry derives many of its concepts from multiple facets of chemistry, which makes …

Length Of Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experiences (Cure) Impacts Student Learning And Attitudinal Outcomes: A Study Of The Malate Dehydrogenase Cures Community (Mcc), Sue Ellen Dechenne-Peters, John F. Rakus, Amy D. Parente, Tamara L. Mans, Rebecca Eddy, Nicole Galport, Courtney Joletar, Joeseph J. Provost, J. Ellis Bell, Jessica K. Bell

Chemistry and Biochemistry: Faculty Scholarship

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) are laboratory courses that integrate broadly relevant problems, discovery, use of the scientific process, collaboration, and iteration to provide more students with research experiences than is possible in individually mentored faculty laboratories. Members of the national Malate dehydrogenase CUREs Community (MCC) investigated the differences in student impacts between traditional laboratory courses (control), a short module CURE within traditional laboratory courses (mCURE), and CUREs lasting the entire course (cCURE). The sample included approximately 1,500 students taught by 22 faculty at 19 institutions. We investigated course structures for elements of a CURE and student outcomes including student …

Peptide Conjugates With Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Can Benefit The Activity Of Catalytic Rnas, Kevin J. Sweeney, Tommy Le, Micaella Z. Jorge, Joan G. Schellinger, Luke J. Leman, Ulrich F. Müller

Chemistry and Biochemistry: Faculty Scholarship

Early stages of life likely employed catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) in many functions that are today filled by proteins. However, the earliest life forms must have emerged from heterogenous chemical mixtures, which included amino acids, short peptides, and many other compounds. Here we explored whether the presence of short peptides can help the emergence of catalytic RNAs. To do this, we conducted an in vitro selection for catalytic RNAs from randomized sequence in the presence of ten different peptides with a prebiotically plausible length of eight amino acids. This in vitro selection generated dozens of ribozymes, one of them with ∼900-fold …

Cytotoxicity Profiling And Apoptotic Potential Of Carboxylic Acids-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents On Mammalian Cell Lines, Mavis Korankye

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the past few years, there has been a notable surge in demand for high-purity medicines due to the prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Considerable efforts have been dedicated to discovering new solvents that are environmentally friendly and cost-effective that are well-suited for industrial applications. Deep eutectic solvents have gained recognition as a highly promising alternative to organic solvents and ionic liquids due to their easily sourced raw materials, simple and cheap preparation methods, high tunability, low volatility, low toxicity, and biodegradability. The industrial utilization of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is …

Reducing Disposable Plastic Waste From Protein Quantitative Assays, Justin Buiter

All Capstone Projects

Protein concentration quantification is important for many areas of biology and biochemistry. This quantification happens in large quantities in laboratories and needs to be done accurately and quickly. The Bradford assay is one of the most common ways of accomplishing this task (1). This assay relies on the binding of the protein and the Coomassie Blue G250 dye. The anionic blue form binds to the protein and has a maximum at 595 nm. This allows for accurate quantification by reading how much of the sample absorbs at 595 nm (2).

In 2014, it was estimated that 5.5 million tons of …

Synthetic Studies Of Dragonamide E And Its Potential Treatment Of Leishmaniasis, Sarah E. Glaesemann

Chemistry Theses

Leishmaniasis is a parasitical infection categorized as one of about twenty Neglected Tropical Diseases. Spread by the female sand fly, it can become very severe if left untreated. Symptoms include skin lesions, which may cause scarring, and mucosal membrane infection, which may lead to facial deformity. The most severe form of leishmaniasis can infect organs such as the liver and spleen, possibly leading to death. The current treatments for leishmaniasis are becoming limited due to an increase in drug resistant parasites. Furthermore, the side effects of these treatments can be very problematic.

In the search for new treatments for tropical …

Investigation Of The Dehydration Of Ulexite Ore With Different Parameters And Modeling With Artificial Neural Network (Ann) Method, Mustafa Engi̇n Kocadaği̇stan

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Study experiments were conducted considering the temperature, time, and sample weight parameters in order to model the dehydration by applying dehydration processes to ulexite ores. Data obtained from the dehydration processes of ulexite ore were compared with TG analyzes. It was observed as the result of the heat treatment that the fastest water removal was provided in the temperature range of 150-250 °C and it was very low in the range of 400-750 °C. In order to design the ANN method, 4 different models were proposed with the same parameters in the dehydration experiments and the network structure was determined. …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Pani And Pani/Nanometal Oxides, Photocatalytic And Adsorbent Applications, Bi̇lge Budak, Si̇bel Demi̇rel

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, polymeric nanocomposites of PANI and PANI/nanometal oxides (Fe2O3, NiO, SnO2, WO3, ZrO2) as photocatalysts were synthesized with a chemical polymerization method. Structural characterizations of synthesized polymeric nanocomposites were performed as follows: FT-IR, SEM, TEM and XRD, and TGA. The effect of pure nanometal oxides (Fe2O3, NiO, SnO2, WO3, ZrO2) and polymeric nanocomposites on the degradation of naproxen, the drug active ingredient, was studied under visible light (UV-A at 365 nm) and in the absence of light. In this study, photocatalytic and adsorbent efficiency of polymeric nanometal oxides were investigated. In order to determine the effect of pure …

Dual-Reactive Hydrogels Functionalizable Using ?Huisgen Click? And ?Schiff Base? Reactions, Nergi̇z Cengi̇z

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Hydrogels incorporating different reactive groups are important platforms for the fabrication of functional materials through the conjugation of diverse molecules. In this study, a dual-reactive hydrogel system was designed utilizing aldehyde and azide groups containing methacrylate monomers. Hydrogels were obtained in the presence of a dimethacrylate crosslinker with a combination of hydrophilic PEG-based monomers via free-radical polymerization. The azide and aldehyde sites of the hydrogel network are reactive towards alkyne and amine functional groups, respectively. The advantage of the different reactivities of these functional groups was demonstrated through the attachment of two different dye molecules onto the hydrogel platform via …

Cryptand-Based Low-Valent F-Block Complexes Toward Stabilization And Separation Of Actinides And Lanthanides, Deshika Nuwangi Kulasekara

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACTCRYPTAND-BASED LOW-VALENT F-BLOCK COMPLEXES TOWARD STABILIZATION AND SEPARATION OF ACTINIDES AND LANTHANIDES DESHIKA NUWANGI KULASEKARA August 2023 Advisor: Dr. Matthew J. Allen Major: Chemistry (Inorganic) Degree: Doctor of Philosophy This thesis consists of six chapters that include studies of the understanding of ligand environment on the stabilization and separation of low-valent lanthanides and actinides. The studies explain the trends in structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties of lanthanide and actinides with respect to changes in donor atoms, denticity, basicity, and counter ions. This dissertation also discusses a ligand-modified solid–liquid extraction method to separate lanthanide from each other. A brief overview of …

Testing Different Approaches For The Stabilization Of Mdi: Design Of Low-Valent Molybdenum Complexes In Redox-Active Environments And Capture-Release Reactions Using N-Heterocyclic Carbenes, Asanka Indrajith Dissanayake

Wayne State University Dissertations

Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (4,4’-MDI) is an aromatic diisocyanate, which is widely used as a monomer in the polyurethane industry. One of the main challenges with using 4,4’-MDI is its dimerization into uretdione. The polyurethane industry seeks solutions that could suppress dimerization of 4,4’-MDI and extend its shelf-life. The focus of this dissertation is on the design of chemical solutions to this problem including: (1) reversible coordination of MDI (heteroallene) to low-valent mono- or dimolybdenum complexes in redox-active ligand environment, and (2) reversible coordination of MDI with two equivalents of an appropriate N-heterocyclic carbene.

MDI (isocyanate) is a heteroallene, and heteroallenes …

Hyperpolarized Nitrogen-15 Mri Contrast Agents For Hypoxia Sensing Via Reversible Exchange With Parahydrogen, Mohammad Shah Hafez Kabir

Wayne State University Dissertations

The detection of hypoxia in hypoxic-related diseases can provide crucial information for treatment planning and assessment of therapy response. Although Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was employed as a research tool for imaging of hypoxia detection, it has several limitations. Our motivation is to develop a hyperpolarized (HP) molecular probe for hypoxia sensing. My dissertation presents the utility of Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange in SHield Enables Alignment Transfer to Heteronuclei (SABRE-SHEATH) to hyperpolarize a wide range of N-heterocyclic compounds, which can be employed as MRI contrast agents for hypoxia sensing and other molecular imaging applications.SABRE-SHEATH is a rapid, simple, cost-effective …

Tie Dye Activity Plans, Admin Stem For Success

STEM for Success Showcase

OVERVIEW:

The STEM for success ambassador program will provide high school students the opportunity to participate in STEM activities that challenge them to learn topics covered in most high school chemistry and physics courses in an environment that cultivates leadership, STEM advocacy, and the 21st century skills of creativity and collaboration. High school students will learn tie-dye science and the chemistry and physics of slime and use their learning experiences to create hands-on activities for Pre-K through 8th grade students. High school students will form teams and venture out into their communities to explore the activities they have created in …

Eps 202-102: Society Techn & Environmnt, Sweeta Chauhan

Chemistry, Environmental and Forensic Science Syllabi

No abstract provided.

Electrolyte Synthesis And Engineering For Alkali Metal Batteries, Yiwen Zhang

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

Batteries have been in increasing demand over the last decade for portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and grid-scale energy storage systems. While the electrode materials define the characteristic features of a battery system, the composition of the electrolyte is of critical importance and needs to be engineered for different battery systems to ensure superior electrochemical performance. In this thesis, the basic functionality and fundamental mechanism of the electrolytes in battery systems are first introduced. Then, three major electrolyte engineering strategies are demonstrated, including electrolyte composition formulation, electrolyte-electrode component modification, and function-oriented electrolyte design. Firstly, the low-temperature capacity restraint of lithium …

Machine Learning For Electronic And Atomistic Simulations, Jun Yang

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

The demand for accurate and efficient atomistic simulations and electronic structure calculations in materials science and quantum chemistry has motivated the development of novel computational methodologies. The rapid evolution of machine learning has brought new techniques for advancing the accuracy, efficiency, and predictive power of atomistic simulations and electronic structure calculations.

In this thesis, we explore the symmetry requirements and physics intuitions needed for developing machine-learning interatomic potentials, which are the most critical component in atomistic simulations. Specifically, we introduce a novel physics-inspired graph neural network interatomic potential that enables accurate and efficient atomistic simulations of complex materials. The machine …

Arginine-178 Is An Essential Residue For Itpa Function, Nicholas E. Burgis, Caitlin April, Kandise Vanwormer

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) enzyme plays a critical cellular role by removing noncanonical nucleoside triphosphates from nucleotide pools. One of the first pathological ITPA mutants identified is R178C (rs746930990), which causes a fatal infantile encephalopathy, termed developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 35 (DEE 35). The accumulation of noncanonical nucleotides such as inosine triphosphate (ITP), is suspected to affect RNA and/or interfere with normal nucleotide function, leading to development of DEE 35. Molecular dynamics simulations have shown that the very rare R178C mutation does not significantly perturb the overall structure of the protein, but results in a high level of structural …

การขจัดสีย้อมอินทรีย์ด้วยการดูดซับบนเมโซพอรัสซิลิกาโหลดด้วยโลหะ, อภิญญา ศิริพร

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ความนิยมที่มากขึ้นในการใช้งานสีย้อมอินทรีย์ในอุตสาหกรรมสิ่งทอ จึงทำให้เกิดความกังวลเป็นอย่างมากเนื่องจากสีย้อมอินทรีย์เป็นอันตรายและก่อให้เกิดมลพิษทางน้ำ ความเป็นพิษของสีย้อมเหล่านี้ส่งผลเสียต่อระบบนิเวศ สีย้อมเหล่านี้มีความเสถียรมากเนื่องจากสีย้อมเหล่านี้ได้จากการสังเคราะห์และมีโครงสร้างโมเลกุลที่ซับซ้อน ดังนั้นงานวิจัยนี้จึงศึกษาการกำจัดสีย้อมที่ปนเปื้อนในน้ำโดยการดูดซับด้วยตัวดูดซับเมโซพอรัสซิลิกาและตัวดูดซับเมโซพอรัสซิลิกาที่โหลดด้วยโลหะ ตัวดูดซับเมโซพอรัสซิลิกาจะเตรียมโดยใช้วิธีแม่แบบชนิดอ่อน สีย้อมอินทรีย์ที่เลือกใช้ ได้แก่ สีย้อมเอซิดบลูซึ่งเป็นสีย้อมที่มีประจุลบ และสีย้อมเมทิลีนบลูซึ่งเป็นสีย้อมที่มีประจุบวก โดยมีการศึกษาผลของปัจจัยต่าง ๆ ที่มีต่อการดูดซับซึ่งจะรายงานผลในเทอมของร้อยละการกำจัดสีย้อม ลักษณะเฉพาะของตัวดูดซับสังเคราะห์จะวิเคราะห์ด้วยด้วยเทคนิคการเลี้ยวเบนของรังสีเอกซ์ การดูดซับการคายซับด้วยก๊าซไนโตรเจน เทคนิคฟูเรียร์ทรานส์ฟอร์มอินฟราเรดสเปกโตรสโคปี และ ผลรวมของประจุบนพื้นผิวตัวดูดซับเท่ากับศูนย์ จากผลการทดลองพบว่า ตัวดูดซับ 15Zn/MS600nc สามารถกำจัดสีย้อมเอซิดบลูได้ร้อยละ 100 เมื่อใช้ความเข้มข้นเริ่มต้นของสีย้อมเอซิดบลู 300 มิลลิกรัมต่อลิตร ความเป็นกรดด่างเท่ากับ 7 และปริมาณตัวดูดซับ 0.1 กรัม ภายในเวลา 15 นาที ตัวดูดซับ 15Zn/MS600c แสดงร้อยละการกำจัดสีย้อมสีเมทิลีนบลูที่ร้อยละ 94 เมื่อใช้ความเข้มข้นเริ่มต้นของสีย้อมเมทิลีนบลู 100 มิลลิกรัมต่อลิตร ความเป็นกรดด่างเท่ากับ 11 และปริมาณตัวดูดซับ 0.1 กรัม ภายในเวลา 15 นาที จากการศึกษาแบบจำลองจลนพลศาสตร์การดูดซับ พบว่า การดูดซับบนตัวดูดซับ 15Zn/MS600nc มีความสอดคล้องกับแบบจำลองของอาฟ์รามี โดยมีค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพัทธ์เท่ากับ 0.9995 ในขณะที่ตัวดูดซับ 15Zn/MS600c เมื่อพิจารณาจากค่าสัมประสิทธิ์สหสัมพัทธ์ซึ่งมีค่าเท่ากับ 0.9695 จะมีความสอดคล้องกับแบบจำลองปฏิกิริยาอันดับสองเทียม

Michael Addition In Water Using Dialkyldithiocarbamate Salt As Double-Chain Amphiphilic Organocatalyst, Panassilp Authai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Water, a green solvent in organic synthesis, poses challenges due to its high polarity, leading to poor solubility of organic compounds. To address this challenge, employing amphiphiles to create nanoreactors enhances homogeneity and reaction efficiency. Recently, catanionic vesicles generated by combining oppositely charged amphiphiles, have shown promise as alternative nanoreactors. However, their full potential remains unexplored. In this study, we designed novel CatAnionic vesicles derived from N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamates (DTCs), synthesized through a one-step condensation with excellent yields. The DTC amphiphiles in water formed vesicles and catalyzed Michael addition. N,N-didodecylammonium N,N-didodecyldithiocarbamate (AmDTC-C12C12) exhibited the highest reactivity for catalysis of Michael addition to …

Virtual Simulation Platform To Support Learning In Column Selection For Gas Chromatography, Lianrong Zhang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In this research, a virtual simulation platform was developed to support lecture-based teaching for gas chromatography (GC) coupled with a flame ionization (FID) detector. This platform utilizes a computerized three-dimensional (3D) model created using Blender, Unity, Visual Studio, and starter assets programs. It mimics laboratory and experimental learning to optimize GC conditions, including column types, column length, column diameter, gas flow rate, and sample injection for the separation of kerosene, derivatized milk, and perfume from sources such as aircraft, plants, and perfume samples. A spreadsheet-based simulation was used to simulate chromatograms of defined chemical compositions under various conditions. The retention …

Design And Synthesis Of Quaternized Hyaluronic Acid-Quercetin-Carrageenan Nanocomplexes For Anticancer Drug Delivery, Ifra Aslam

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The objective of this research is to synthesize a polyelectrolyte nano-complex for anticancer drug delivery, utilizing natural biopolymers with enhanced therapeutic capabilities, biodegradability, and low toxicity. Traditional anticancer drugs are often hydrophobic and pose significant challenges in delivery, as well as causing toxicity to normal cells. In this study, Plai extract, known for its anticancer properties, was employed into a novel polyelectrolyte complex carrier composed of quaternized hyaluronic acid-quercetin (Quat-HA-QT) with carrageenan. The design involved: (i) utilizing hyaluronic acid (HA) for its CD-44 receptor affinity on tumor cells, (ii) modifying HA with Quat-188 to impart a positive charge and incorporating …

Scaffolds From Natural Polymers And Soy Protein For Cultured Meat Production, Utumporn Butkatanyoo

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

To overcome the problems of livestock farming, cultured meat technologies have been developed. Cultured meat is an alternative way to produce meat by culturing cells in vitro using tissue engineering technology. The construction of cultured meat requires a scaffold to support cell proliferation and differentiation. Herein this research, polysaccharides namely high acyl gellan gum (HG) and konjac (KJ) together with a plant-based protein, soy protein isolate (SP) were used to develop scaffolds for cultured meat production. The composite scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying and followed by ionic crosslinking. The composition of HG, KJ, and SP had a strong influence on …

Lasr3fe3-Xmxo10-& (M=Cr, Mn, And Ti) Ruddlesden-Popper Oxide Electrodes For Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, Muhammad Shaban Asghar

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) oxides LaSr3Fe3-xMxO10-δ (M=Cr, Mo, with x = 0-1.0 and Ti with x = 0-1.5) have been synthesized by using a solid-state method and investigated as electrode materials for solid oxide fuel cells. The study investigated the impact of substituting Cr, Mo, and Ti in LaSr3Fe3O10 on its structure, thermal expansion property, electrical conductivity, and electrode performance. The prepared oxides showed a tetragonal crystal structure with the space group 14/mmm. The existence of phase change from LaSr3Fe3-xMxO10-δ to perovskite was detected when the content of Cr and Mo exceeded x > 0.5, but for Ti substitution, original structure remained …

การกำจัดคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์จากสารละลายไตรเอทาโนลามีนโดยใช้คอมพอสิตชีวภาพที่มีชีวิตจุลสาหร่าย-ใยบวบ, ธนกฤต คมขำ

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ปัจจุบัน การบรรเทาวิกฤติการเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาพภูมิอากาศเป็นปัญหาเร่งด่วนสำหรับโลกของเรา คาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ (Carbon dioxide: CO2) เป็นหนึ่งในแก๊สเรือนกระจก ซึ่งเป็นสาเหตุหลักของการเกิดภาวะโลกร้อน ความเข้มข้นเฉลี่ย CO2 ทั่วโลกมากกว่า 410 ppm หนึ่งในวิธีการทั่วไปสำหรับดักจับการปลดปล่อย CO2 ใช้ตัวทำละลายเอมีนในหน่วยดูดซึม กระบวนการนี้เป็นที่รู้กันว่ามีประสิทธิภาพและอัตราการดูดซึมสูง อย่างไรก็ตาม ข้อเสียของกระบวนการนี้ส่วนใหญ่เกี่ยวข้องกับการใช้พลังงานสำหรับการคืนสภาพตัวทำละลายจากการให้ความร้อนสูงในหน่วยไล่แก๊ส ดังนั้น จึงจำเป็นต้องหาทางเลือกอื่น เช่น การคืนสภาพเอมีนผ่านกระบวนการเชิงชีวภาพโดยใช้จุลสาหร่าย ซึ่งไม่ต้องใช้ความร้อนและสามารถสร้างผลิตภัณฑ์มูลค่าเพิ่มจากชีวมวลอย่างเชื้อเพลิงชีวภาพได้ อย่างไรก็ตาม จุลสาหร่ายมีข้อเสียในแง่ของอัตราการดูดซึม CO2 ต่ำ ดังนั้น การบูรณาการกระบวนการทั้งสองอาจเป็นกุญแจสำคัญเพื่อยกระดับความสามารถการดักจับ CO2 เมื่อไม่นานมานี้ คอมพอสิตชีวภาพที่มีชีวิต (Living biocomposites) ที่ยกระดับการเพาะเลี้ยงแขวนลอยแบบดั้งเดิมได้ถูกพัฒนาขึ้น ด้วยเทคโนโลยีนี้ การตรึงจุลสาหร่ายบนวัสดุรองรับที่เข้ากันได้ทางชีวภาพโดยใช้สารยึดเกาะเหนือกว่าระบบแขวนลอยในแง่ของอัตราการดักจับ CO2 ในงานวิจัยนี้ คอมพอสิตชีวภาพที่มีชีวิตจุลสาหร่าย-ใยบวบด้วยการตรึง Scenedesmus acuminatus TISTR 8457 โดยใช้สารยึดเกาะอะคริลิกถูกสร้างขึ้นเพื่อกำจัด CO2 จากสารละลายไตรเอทาโนลามีน (Triethanolamine: TEA) ที่เต็มไปด้วย CO2 การทดสอบการกำจัด CO2 โดยใช้ TEA 1 M ที่อัตราส่วนการโหลด CO2 แตกต่างกัน (0.2 0.4 0.6 และ 0.8 โมล CO2 ต่อโมล TEA) แสดงให้เห็นว่าคอมพอสิตชีวภาพมีอัตราการกำจัด CO2 มากกว่าระบบแขวนลอย 3 ถึง 4 เท่าในช่วงระยะเวลา 28 วันทุกอัตราส่วนการโหลด CO2 ที่ทดสอบ

Use Of Porphyrin Derivatives As Ionophore In Polymeric Membrane Electrode For Ferric Ion Detection, Tanakorn Khongluang

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In this work, a polymeric membrane electrode was prepared for ferric ion detection (Fe3+) in water by using a porphyrin derivative, tetrakis (4-dodecyloxyphenyl)porphyrin (L1) and tetrakis(4-methoxyphenyl) porphyrin (L2), as ionophore. Different ratios of membrane composition were studied to prepare membranes containing a total mass of 220 mg. The membrane prepared using polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 33% wt, bis(2-ethylhexyl)sebacate (DOS) 66% wt, ionophore L1 0.18 %wt (0.3 µmol) and potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate (KTClPB) 2.71 × 10-3 %wt (40 mol% relative to ionophore) as membrane additive showed the best response to Fe3+, judging from the selectivity coefficients of the polymeric membrane electrode against other …