Chemistry Commons^™

Inhalable Nanocomposites And Anticancer Agents For Cancer Therapy, Nathanael A. Stocke

Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering

Cancer is designated as the leading cause of mortality worldwide and lung cancer is responsible for nearly 30% of all cancer related deaths. Over the last few decades mortality rates have only marginally increased and rates of recurrence remain high. These factors, among others, suggest the need for more innovative treatment modalities in lung cancer therapy. Targeted pulmonary delivery is well established for treating pulmonary diseases such as asthma and provides a promising platform for lung cancer therapy. Increasing local deposition of anticancer agents (ACAs) and reducing systemic exposure of these toxic moieties could lead to better therapeutic outcomes and …

Effect Of Acrylic Acid Feed Contents Of Microgels On Catalytic Activity Of Silver Nanoparticles Fabricated Hybrid Microgels, Zahoor Hussain Farooqi, Shanza Rauf Khan, Robina Begum, Farah Kanwal, Ahsan Sharif, Ejaz Ahmed, Shumaila Majeed, Kiran Ejaz, Aysha Ijaz

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

We synthesized poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels with 1, 3, 5, and 7 mol percentage of acrylic acid. Silver nanoparticles were fabricated inside these microgels at room temperature. Pure microgels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Hybrid microgels were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The size of the silver nanoparticles increased with an increase in the content of acrylic acid. Catalytic activity of these hybrid microgels was investigated using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Induction time decreased from 8.8 to 2.6 min and the value of apparent rate constant decreased from 0.226 to 0.109 min^{-1}, when the content of …

Nanoscale Gumbos: Size-Control, Characterization, And Applications As Enantioselective Molecularly Imprinted Polymers And Fluorescent Materials, Suzana Hamdan

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Nanomaterials derived from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS) have been introduced into the scientific literature through many analytical, biological, and technological applications. These nanomaterials, referred to as nanoGUMBOS, have been shown to display a number of interesting properties including fluorescence, magnetism, tumor targeting, and optoelectronic properties. Herein, we present major studies on nanoGUMBOS including synthesis and size-control, chiral molecular imprinting in polymers, as well as investigation of optical properties and quantum yield of fluorescent semiconductor-based nanoGUMBOS. Various strategies were introduced for production of well-defined nanoGUMBOS. Specifically, several methods based on sonochemistry, microwave, cyclodextrin, and surfactant-assisted …

Gold Nanomolecules : Developing Synthetic Protocols, Characterization And Investigation Of Ligand Effects On Structure And Properties, Praneeth Reddy Nimmala

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The term "Nano" in chemistry refers to particles/molecules in the size range 1 to 100 nm. Gold nanoparticles were used in ancient times in making decorative glass as they produce vibrant, size dependent, colors upon interaction with light. Gold is a preferred choice of metal for the synthesis of nanoparticles mainly due to its inertness to atmospheric conditions and most chemicals. Gold thiolate nanomolecules, which is the primary focus of this dissertation research, are chemical molecules with a fixed number of gold atoms and organo-thiolate ligands. They are of the form Aux(SR)y and possess molecule-like properties as a result of …

Magnetic Nickel Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Environmental Lmplications And Potential Role As Drug Carriers, Setare Tahmasebi Nick

Dissertations

The design and synthesis of well-defined magnetic particles with nanoscale dimensions is opening new avenues in understanding their fundamental chemical and physical properties. Our work describes a novel facile procedure for the synthesis of homogenous isotropic and anisotropic magnetic nickel nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were produced using a wet-chemical process and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Magnetic measurements were acquired using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. While there is significant interest in using magnetic nanoparticles for biological …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Polymer Nanomaterials Using Controlled Radical Polymerization, Lei Wang

Theses and Dissertations

This research focuses on creating and investigating polymer/organic bound interfaces on nanoparticles with advanced architectures to tailor the properties of polymer nanocomposites for various applications. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and a toolbox of surface functionalization from the simple to the advanced were developed to prepare the polymer nanomaterials.

In the first part (Chapter 2), a variety of RAFT agents (xanthate, dithiocarbamate and trithiocarbonate) were used to mediate the polymerizations of several classes of free radical polymerizable monomers. These monomers consist of styrene, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate and isoprene, which have different activities and require different classes …

Green Synthesis And Evaluation Of Catalytic Activity Of Sugar Capped Gold Nanoparticles, Yogesh A. Kherde

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Owing to the importance of gold nanoparticles in catalysis, designing of them has become a major focus of the researchers. Most of the current methods available for the synthesis of gold nanoaprticles (GNPs) suffer from the challenges of polydispersity, stability and use of toxic and harmful chemicals. To overcome these limitations of conventional methods, in our present study, we made an attempt to design a method for the green synthesis of monodispersed and stable gold nanoparticles by sugars which act as reducing and stabilizing agent. Characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was done by using various analytical techniques such as transmission electron …

Determination Of Thiamine In Solution By Uv-Visible Spectrophotometry: The Effect Of Interactions With Gold Nanoparticles, Michael Vincent Zielinski

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The method presented here provides the foundation for a simple and selective qualitative determination of thiamine in solution. Gold nanoparticles in the presence of thiamine results in the formation of a secondary peak in the absorbance spectrum of the mixture. This peak can be used as an indicator of thiamine, which is useful for the qualitative analysis of solutions, and may provide an alternative to other methods for evaluating thiamine in blood and other biological systems. This method uses gold nanoparticles of a size around 20 to 30 nm and involves their selective interaction with thiamine, compared to selected amino …

Fabrication Of Multifunctional Ferromagnetic Au₃Pd-Cose Nanoparticles, Wipula P. Liyanage, Sukhada Mishra, Kai Song, Manashi Nath

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have synthesized multifunctional anisotropic Au₃Pd-CoSe nanoparticles on Si substrate through a catalyst aided chemical vapour deposition technique. the technique utilized volatile cobalt acetylacetonate and elemental selenium as precursors while sputter coated Au-Pd (3:2) film acted as a catalyst. the typical growth conditions led to clear segregation of the hetero-compositions (i.e. Au₃Pd and CoSe) in the product nanostructures thereby preserving the functionality of both the phases. the degree of crystallinity of the individual phases in the composite nanostructure was fairly high. the bifunctional nanoparticles show soft ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature and optical activity making them …

The Impact Of Surface Ligands And Synthesis Method On The Toxicity Of Glutathione-Coated Gold Nanoparticles, Bryan Harper, Federico Sinche, Meenambika Gowrishankar, Grant Marquart, Marilyn R. Mackiewicz, Stacey L. Harper

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are increasingly used in biomedical applications, hence understanding the processes that affect their biocompatibility and stability are of significant interest. In this study, we assessed the stability of peptide-capped AuNPs and used the embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a vertebrate system to investigate the impact of synthesis method and purity on their biocompatibility. Using glutathione (GSH) as a stabilizer, Au-GSH nanoparticles with identical core sizes were terminally modified with Tryptophan (Trp), Histidine (His) or Methionine (Met) amino acids and purified by either dialysis or ultracentrifugation. Au-GSH-(Trp)2 purified by dialysis elicited significant morbidity and mortality at …

A Facile Route To Tailoring Peptide-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles Using Glutathione As A Synthon, Rosina Ho Wu, Tan P. Nguyen, Grant W. Marquart, Thomas J. Miesen, Theresa Mau, Marilyn R. Mackiewicz

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The preparation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of high purity and stability remains a major challenge for biological applications. This paper reports a simple synthetic strategy to prepare water-soluble peptide-stabilized AuNPs. Reduced glutathione, a natural tripeptide, was used as a synthon for the growth of two peptide chains directly on the AuNP surface. Both nonpolar (tryptophan and methionine) and polar basic (histidine and dansylated arginine) amino acids were conjugated to the GSH-capped AuNPs. Ultracentrifugation concentrators with polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were used to purify precursor materials in each stage of the multi-step synthesis to minimize side reactions. Thin layer chromatography, transmission electron …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Cobalt Carbide Based Nanomaterials, Zachary Huba

Theses and Dissertations

Permanent magnets are used heavily for multiple applications in industry and current electronic technologies. However, the current permanent landscape is muddled by high cost of materials and insufficient magnetic or thermal properties. The primary focus of this dissertation work is the synthesis and optimization of a new permanent magnetic material, in the form of cobalt carbide nanomaterials. The optimization revolved around controlling the crystal phase and particle shape of synthesized cobalt carbide particles; these parameters have significant impact on the observed magnetic properties of magnetic nanoparticles. Co₃C was identified to be the preferred crystal phase, leading to better …

Pulse Electrodeposition Of Pd-Ni Alloy Nanoparticles For Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Formic Acid, Fang-Zu Yang, Jun-Pei Yue, Zhong-Qun Tian, Shao-Min Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Pd-Ni alloy nanoparticles with nickel atomic contents of 12.0%, 16.4% and 22.6% were successfully electrodeposited from a Pd-Ni alloy electrolyte by square wave pulse plating. The alloy nanoparticles were in the spherical shape with a diameter of 50 ~ 80 nm. As the growth potential of the alloy was negatively shifted, the nickel content of the alloy was increased, and the size of the nanoparticles was almost the same, whereas the number, the degree of crosslinking and the real active area of the nanoparticles were increased. As the nickel content of the alloy nanoparticles increased, the peak current for …

Scanning Probe Investigations Of Magnetic Nanoparticles, Protein Binding And The Synthesis Of Rare Earth Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nanoscale Lithography, Lauren Elizabeth Englade-Franklin

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Approaches to prepare spatially selective surfaces were developed in this dissertation for constructing assemblies of biomolecules and inorganic materials. Nanoscale surface patterns of organic thin films were prepared using particle lithography combined with organosilane chemistry. Biological and inorganic nanomaterials can be patterned with tailorable periodicities, which can be controlled by selecting the diameter of mesospheres used as surface masks. The surface platforms of well-defined nanopatterns are ideal for high resolution investigations using scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Local measurements of surface properties combined with visualization of the steps of chemical reactions at the molecular level were accomplished. Fundamental studies of the …

Selective Oxidation Of Sulfides And Hydrocarbons With H_2o_2 Over Manganese Catalyst Supported On Nanoparticles, Massomeh Ghorbanloo, Roghayeh Tarasi, Jun Tao, Hidenori Yahiro

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A new magnetically separable catalyst consisting of binuclear Mn(II) complex [Mn_2(HL)_2(H_2O)_4], HL = 2-[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-amino]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid, supported on (3-chloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane (CPTMS) functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was prepared. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by several physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. This immobilized complex was found to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of different sulfides and hydrocarbons using hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) as an oxidant. The catalyst is readily recovered by simple magnetic decantation and can be recycled several times with no considerable loss of catalytic activity.

Synthesis And Characterization Of Zinc Sulfide/Zinc Oxide Semiconductor Nanoparticles, Daniel Alan Hall

All Master's Theses

ZnS/ZnO semiconductor nanoparticles have been synthesized with L-cysteine and sodium polyphosphate capping agents using a colloidal synthesis method. The nanoparticles were characterized through the use of fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet/visible (UV /Vis) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrumentation. Introduction of oxygen during the synthesis reaction increases the intensity of the nanoparticle fluorescence and causes a blue shift in emissions which becomes more pronounced with longer exposure to oxygen. Growth of the ZnO shell around the ZnS particles alters the composition from a ZnS nanoparticle to a ZnS/ZnO nanoparticle as seen by an increase in absorbance from 350nm to 450nm which indicates …

Gold-Magnetite Nanoparticle-Biomolecule Conjugates: Synthesis, Properties And Toxicity Studies, Akshay Pariti

Masters Theses

"This thesis study focuses on synthesizing and characterizing gold-magnetite optically active magnetic nanoparticle and its conjugation with biomolecules for biomedical applications, especially magnetic fluid hyperthermia treatment for cancerous tissue. Gold nanoparticles have already displayed their potential in the biomedical field. They exhibit excellent optical properties and possess strong surface chemistry which renders them suitable for various biomolecule attachments. Studies have showed gold nanoparticles to be a perfect biocompatible vector. However, clinical trials for gold mediated drug delivery and treatment studied in rat models identified some problems. Of these problems, the low retention time in bloodstream and inability to maneuver externally …

Zn(Ii) And Cu(Ii) Adsorption And Retention Onto Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanoparticles: Effects Of Particle Aggregation And Salinity, Rebecca B. Chesne, Christopher S. Kim

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Background: Iron oxyhydroxides are commonly found in natural aqueous systems as nanoscale particles, where they can act as effective sorbents for dissolved metals due to their natural surface reactivity, small size and high surface area. These properties make nanoscale iron oxyhydroxides a relevant option for the remediation of water supplies contaminated with dissolved metals. However, natural geochemical processes, such as changes in ionic strength, pH, and temperature, can cause these particles to aggregate, thus affecting their sorption capabilities and remediation potential. Other environmental parameters such as increasing salinity may also impact metal retention, e. g. when particles are transported …

Impact Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Green Pea Plant & Seed Quality And Effects On Physiological Traits Of Green Peas, Corn, And Zucchini By Silver Nanoparticles, Arnab Mukherjee

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The production and use of numerous engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have increased exponentially over the past decade. Nanoparticles (NPs), ENMs possessing diameter between 1-100 nm, (NPs), are widely used in many applications. Worldwide consumption of NPs has increased their possible release into the environment. This, in turn, has elevated the extent of the potential impacts of NP exposure to living and non-living organisms. This is why the assessment of the impact of NPs on different environmental components, especially on plants, the producer in the food web, has become a very important aspect of nano-ecotoxicology. However, studies focusing on phytotoxicity and effects …

Determination Of The Uptake And Effects Of Tio2 Nanoparticles In Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus), Alia D. Servin

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The profuse use of nanoparticles (NPs) in consumer products has raised concerns about their impacts in environmental and human health and possible transfer into the food chain through plants. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a widely cultivated garden vegetable that could be in contact with NPs through biosolids. In this Dissertation research, the impact of TiO2 NPs was evaluated in cucumber plants grown in hydroponics and sandy loam soil. Hydroponically grown plants were treated for 15 days with 0-4000 mg/L of TiO2 NPs, and their vegetative tissues were studied using synchrotron micro X-Ray Fluorescence (micro-XRF) and Micro X-ray Absorption Near …

Rat Hippocampal Responses Up To 90 Days After A Single Nanoceria Dose Extends A Hierarchical Oxidative Stress Model For Nanoparticle Toxicity, Sarita S. Hardas, Rukhsana Sultana, Govind Warrier, Mo Dan, Peng Wu, Eric A. Grulke, Michael T. Tseng, Jason M. Unrine, Uschi M. Graham, Robert A. Yokel, D. Allan Butterfield

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Ceria engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have very promising commercial and therapeutic applications. Few reports address the effects of nanoceria in intact mammals, let alone long term exposure. This knowledge is essential to understand potential therapeutic applications of nanoceria in relation to its hazard assessment. The current study elucidates oxidative stress responses in the rat hippocampus 1 and 20 h, and 1, 7, 30 and 90 days following a single systemic infusion of 30 nm nanoceria. The results are incorporated into a previously described hierarchical oxidative stress (HOS) model. During the 1-20 h period, increases of the GSSG: GSH ratio and cytoprotective …

Synthetic Routes To Therapeutic Agents Via Masked Functionalities: From Orthogonal Peptide Crosslink To Photothermal Cancer Prodrug, Chyree Shantel Batton

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The theonellamides are a family of compounds distinguished by their crosslinking ô-histidinoalanine (ô-HAL) residue. Part one of this dissertation details the synthesis of an orthogonally protected ô-HAL building block that will be incorporated into a total synthesis of theonellamide C. Selective deprotection of each amine and acid of this orthogonally protected building block is also demonstrated. Various reaction partners for the assembly of ô-histidinoalanine were explored. One approach involved the coupling of N-Fmoc-â-iodoalanine benzyl ester and (Nðim)-blocked histidine nucleophiles including a fused bicyclic urea and a Boc-His(Nð-Pac)-OMe. While the imidazolium salts were identified by mass spectrometry, elimination of the iodide …

Controllable Synthesis Of Dispersed Spherical Fe3O4 Nanoparticles As Lithium-Inserted Materials, Hong-Li Zou, Wei-Shan Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Dispersed spherical Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The influences of odecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (DTAB) concentration on the morphology and particle size of the as-prepared Fe₃O₄ were studied. Electrochemical performance of the as-prepared sample as anode materials of lithium ion battery was investigated. It is found that the as-prepared sample exhibits superior rate performance and cycle performance. The nano-sized materials provide structural stability and favor the transfer of lithium ions.

Formation And Analysis Of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles And Zinc Oxide Hexagonal Prisms And Optical Analysis Of Cadmium Selenide Nanoparticles, Jared M. Hancock

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, methods to synthesize ZnO are reported. First, zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized with small amounts of transition metal ions to create materials called dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS). We employed a low temperature sol-gel method that produces ZnO nanoparticles of reproducible size and incorporates cobalt, nickel, and manganese ions into the nanoparticles. Conditions were controlled such that a range of amounts of Co, Ni, and Mn were incorporated. The incorporation was tracked by color changes in the white ZnO powder to blue for Co, green for Ni and yellow for Mn. XRD measurements showed the nanoparticles were on …

The Catalytic Behaviour Of Nanoag@Montmorillonite Composite Materials, Martina Karlíková, Libor Kvítek, Robert Prucek, Aleš Panáček, Jan Filip, Jirí Pechoušek, Nathaniel F. Adegboyega

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications

The preparation of nanoAg@montmorillonite composite materials and their catalytic activity is reported in this article. The nanoAg@montmorillonite composite materials were prepared by the adsorption of silver NPs, with an average size about 30 nm, from their aqueous dispersion onto two types of montmorillonite with different chemical composition. Silver NPs were prepared via modified Tollens process, which involves the reduction of [Ag(NH 3)2]+complex cation by maltose. The amount of silver NPs anchored onto the MMT surfaces was determined by UV-VIS spectroscopy; the decrease in absorbance of the dispersion after the adsorption was monitored. Prepared nanocomposite materials were subsequently characterized by means …

Laser Vaporization Methods For The Synthesis Of Metal And Semiconductor Nanoparticles; Graphene, Doped Graphene And Nanoparticles Supported On Graphene, Parichehr Afshani

Theses and Dissertations

The major objective of the research described in this dissertation is the development of new laser vaporization methods for the synthesis of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, graphene, B- and N-doped graphene, and metal and semiconductor nanoparticles supported on graphene. These methods include the Laser Vaporization Controlled Condensation (LVCC) approach, which has been used in this work for the synthesis of: (1) gold nanoparticles supported on ceria and zirconia nanoparticles for the low temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide, and (2) graphene, boron- and nitrogen-doped graphene, hydrogen-terminated graphene (HTG), metal nanoparticles supported on graphene, and graphene quantum dots. The gold nanoparticles supported …

Size-Based Separation Of Bioparticles Using Planar Nanofluidic Devices, Jie Xuan

Theses and Dissertations

Nanofluidic devices are structures having at least one dimension in the submicron range, which is of the same order of magnitude as the sizes of biomolecules and bioparticles such as proteins and viruses. As a result, size-selective separations are important applications for nanofluidics. Well-defined micro or nano device structures fabricated via micromachining have greatly reduced sample consumption and enabled separations in a parallel fashion, promising significant speed and resolution advantages over conventional size separation techniques, such as gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography. In collaboration with others, I have developed a size separation method using nanofluidic devices consisting of an …

Facile, Green Synthesis Of Large Single Crystal Copper Micro And Nanoparticles With Ascorbic Acid And Gum Arabic, Preston B. Landon, Alexander H. Mo, Carlos T. Ramos, Jose J. Gutierrez, Ratnesh Lal

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Large single crystal colloidal copper particles with diameters between 0.5 - 2 μm were created using a green synthesis process. The process used ascorbic acid to reduce Schweizer’s reagent created in situ using copper salts in the presence of various concentrations of gum arabic. The Schweizer’s reagents were created by varying the concentrations of ammonium hydroxide and copper nitrate solutions, copper hydroxide, or copper sulfate. The pH of the solution was controlled by the addition of ascorbic acid. Particle formation was favored at high temperature using copper sulfate at pH values ranging from 7.5 to 9, while the optimal formation …

A Supramolecular Strategy To Assemble Multifunctional Viral Nanoparticles, Limin Chen, Xia Zhao, Yuan Lin, Yubin Huang, Qian Wang

Faculty Publications

Using a one-pot approach driven by the supramolecular interaction between β-cyclodextrin and adamantyl moieties, multifunctional viral nanoparticles can be facilely formulated for biomedical applications.

Polysaccharide-Based Nanocarriers For Improved Drug Delivery, Nan Zhang

Dissertations - ALL

The field of drug delivery has provided a solution to the limited efficacy and high toxicity of many drugs. Nano-sized drug carriers are popular because their size allows for selective accumulation in the diseased area. Polysaccharides are non-toxic and biodegradable natural polymers that can serve as the basis for these nano-sized carriers. Polysialic acid (PSA) is such a polysaccharide with strong hydrophilicity that may reduce uptake by the reticuloendothelial system and prolong drug circulation. In this study, we developed PSA-based nanocarriers, specifically micelles and nanoparticles, for improved drug delivery with improved efficacy and minimized toxicity. PSA-based micelle systems were developed …