Chemistry Commons^™

Fabrication And Characterization Of Novel Agnps Functionalized With Chlorothymol (C@Agnps), Lirim Sopaj

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

In this study, novel silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized and functionalized with an antibacterial agent, namely chlorothymol (denoted C@AgNPs). The resulting colloid (C@AgNPs) was purified by two comparative methods: ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation. Ultrafiltration proved to be more efficient in purifying and size selecting (10 kD filter) and concentrating the C@AgNPs than ultracentrifugation. The physicochemical properties of the filtered C@AgNPs were then characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), Raman spectroscopy, Cytoviva hyperspectral imaging, and Scanning electron microscopy. These measurements confirmed the functionalization of the core AgNPs with chlorothymol and suggest the proposed mechanism of …

Gene Vectors With Fluorescence Tracking Capabilities, Sophia Despina Angelopoulos

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

This project focuses on the optimization of benzothiazole-based chromophores to utilize them as fluorescent tags functionalized onto stimuli-responsive, or “smart,” polymers as non-viral gene delivery vectors for gene therapy applications. Blue-fluorescent emissive chromophores will allow tracking capabilities for the transfection pathway of the vector to be monitored as it delivers the DNA payload within intercellular space. The most appropriate chromophore must be covalently bound to a free amine within the vector, which is accomplished through NAS chemistry from fluorophenyl-benzothiazoles (F-BTZ-CBz) derivatives to amidated hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine)(HPEI-IBAm0.61). HPEI is considered to be a synthetic polycation, which promotes tunable solubility through characteristics of …

Detection Of Benzotriazole And Related Analogues In Surface Samples Collected Near An Ohio Airpark, Clara Leedy

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Benzotriazoles are a class of contaminant of emerging concern which are commonly used as anticorrosive agents in aircraft deicer and anti-icing fluids (ADAFs). The analogues 1H-benzotriazole (BTZ), 4-methyl-1H-benzotrizole (4m-BTZ), and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5m-BTZ) are commonly found in environmental occurrence together. The two methylated isomers, collectively known as tolytriazole (TTZ), have different toxicity and stability. These contaminants are highly water soluble and resistant to biodegradation, making them persistent through water treatment. Benzotriazoles have been detected worldwide; this investigation focuses on monitoring three sites near a small airpark in Wilmington, Ohio. Two sites that receive runoff from the airpark, Lytle Creek and Indian …

Metal Nanoparticle Synthesis Via Laser-Induced Photochemical Reduction Of Metal Salts, Laysa M. Frias Batista

Theses and Dissertations

Significant attention has been focused on metal nanoparticles (MNPs) due to their unique optical, catalytic, and electronic properties. In the last two decades, laser synthesis techniques have emerged as versatile routes to MNPs that enable control over particle size, shape, and surface chemistry without the use of chemical reducing agents or surface-blocking capping ligands. A method gaining increasing attention is the direct laser-driven reduction of metal salts, called Laser Reduction in Liquid (LRL). LRL typically involves the use of intense laser pulses of picosecond or femtosecond duration to ionize and dissociate solvent molecules, generating plasmas with reactive chemical species such …

Non-Chromatographic Oligonucleotide Purification And Automated Polyethyleneglycol Synthesis, Dhananjani N. A. M. Eriyagama

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have various applications in many areas such as, synthetic biology, chemical biology, antisense drug development, and data storage. As a result, there is a high demand for synthetic ODNs. Many advances have been made with ODN synthesis the purification still remains a bottleneck. The non-chromatographic purification method is developed to address this problem. Similarly, polyethylene glycols (PEGs) have been used in many areas including pharmaceutical applications, surface science, and nanomedicine due to its unique properties. However, monodispersed PEG synthesis is expensive with existing methods. A novel automated solid phase synthesis method is developed to obtain monodispersed PEGs. …

Multilevel Computational Investigation Into The Dynamics And Reaction Mechanisms Of Non-Heme Iron And 2-Oxoglutarate Dependent Enzymes, Shobhit Sanjeev Chaturvedi

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Computational chemistry methods have been extensively applied to investigate biological systems. This dissertation utilizes a multilevel computational approach to explore the dynamics and reaction mechanisms of two groups of enzymes belonging to non-heme Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent superfamily – histone lysine demethylases from class 7 and ethylene forming enzyme (EFE). Chapter 2 uncovers the role of conformational dynamics in the substrate selectivity of histone lysine demethylases 7A and 7B. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the two enzymes revealed the importance of linker flexibility and dynamics in relative orientations of the reader (PHD) and the catalytic (JmjC) domains. Chapter …

A Spectrophotometric Determination Of Barium Complexation With Methylthymol Blue, Wesley Alexander

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In this work, a spectrophotometric titration of methylthymol blue (MTB) with barium chloride was performed at pH = 7.5, 9.6, and 12.2 to determine the stoichiometry of complexation between the two as well as formation constants and absorptivity coefficients. Complexes of 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 Ba:MTB were suggested by the experimental data upon fitting with appropriate models using Beer’s Law. The molar absorptivities of free MTB species at 605 nm were determined to be ����2������4− = 5.0 (± 0.2) x 103 L·mol-1·cm-1, ����������5− = 7.3 (± 0.3) x 103 L·mol-1·cm-1, ��������6− = 1.3 (± 0.2) x 104 L·mol-1·cm-1. At pH …

Estimation Of The Amount Of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient In Over-The-Counter Available Aspirin Formulations Using Titrimetry, Uv-Visible Spectrophotometry And Raman Spectroscopy, Harismranjeet K. Chahal

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Counterfeit pharmaceuticals are a serious threat to public safety worldwide. Adverse health effects including resistance to treatment and death have resulted from the consumption of such medicines. Aspirin, which is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been counterfeited in the past due to its increasing demand. Rapid and easy analytical methods are needed to detect these counterfeit medicines and put a halt to the growing number of such incidents. In this study, quantitative estimation of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content in different over-the-counter available aspirin tablets was done using titrimetry and UV- Visible spectrophotometry. Qualitative analysis was done using Raman spectroscopy. …

Biodiesel Production From Castor Oil: Mixing Optimization During Transestrification, Islam M. Al-Akraa

Chemical Engineering

No abstract provided.

Fluorescent Chemosensors From Hydrazide Derivatives Of Julolidine, Warakorn Akarasareenon

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Three derivatives of N-acylhydrazone julolidine are synthesized and comparatively investigated for their selectivities as metal ion fluorescent sensors. The compound derived from picolinohydrazide is found to be a "turn-on" fluorescent sensor for Cu2+ in aqueous DMSO media. The mechanistic investigation suggests that Cu2+ promotes the hydrolysis reaction of picolinohydrazide moiety to generate a highly fluorescent compound julolidine-9-carboxaldehyde which has a maximum emission signal at 420 nm. This probe shows an extraordinary selectivity for Cu2+ over other metal ions with a detection limit of 0.1 ppm. Under optimal conditions, the determinations of Cu2+ in real water samples are successfully executed. In …

Valorization Of Furfural To Fuel Additives By Aluminophosphate And Metal-Organic Framework Catalysts, Janejira Ratthiwal

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In this research, aluminophosphate (APAl) catalysts and metal oxide catalysts from calcined metal-organic frameworks (C-MOFs) were successfully synthesized. APAl-A catalysts were obtained from the FQM-383 laboratory group of Prof. Dr. Rafael Luque. The catalysts were named APAl-X/Y-A-Z which X/Y was the ratio of P/Al ratio and Z was the calcination temperature. Both factors were varied to study their effects on the catalyst properties of surface area and active acid sites on catalyst surface. The MOFs (MIL-101(Fe) and MIL-125(Ti)) were prepared by the solvothermal method. The calcination of MOFs (C-MIL-101(Fe) and C-MIL-125(Ti)) provided metal oxide catalysts. The APAl catalysts and C-MOFs …

Colorimetric Detection Of Ceftazidime Using Azo Dye Formation, Pajaree Donkhampa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Ceftazidime is an antibiotic widely used to treat several human and veterinary infections. It could be found in water resources and caused adverse effects. Accordingly, detection of ceftazidime in environmental resources is important. In this research, a new colorimetric detection was developed based on the extraction of ceftazidime on the polyethyleneimine modified melamine foam (PEI-MF) and azo dye formation on the foam surface. The materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and ninhydrin test. The suitable condition for the modification of 50 mg melamine foam was to use 50 mM and 125 µM of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES) and PEI, respectively. The obtained …

Chemical Constituents Of The Rhizomes Of Stemona Curtisii Hook F. And Their Biological Activities, Olusola Idowu

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Eighteen compounds were obtained from hexane and dichloromethane extracts from the rhizomes of Stemona curtisii Hook f. Their chemical structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic studies including 1D and 2D NMR, MS, UV, IR, and comparison with data from the literature. Sixteen compounds were known compounds namely stemonal (SC1), erythrinasinate (SC2), a mixture of stigmasterol and b-sitosterol (SC3), 6-deoxyclitoriacetal (SC4), stemonacetal (SC5), 11-hydroxy-2,3,6,9-tetramethoxy[1]benzopyrano[3,4-b][1]benzopyran-12(6H)-one (SC6), a mixture of diastereomer of clitoriacetal (SC7), 1,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone (SC8), pratensein (SC9), genistein (SC10), a mixture of clitoriacetal and 6-deoxyclitoriacetal (SC11), clitoriacetal (SC12), nervosin (SC13), caviunin (SC14), clitoriacetal 11-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (SC15) and daidzein (SC16). Two new rotenoid glycosides …

การพัฒนาขั้วคาร์บอนจากชีวมวลท้องถิ่นสำหรับตัวเก็บประจุยิ่งยวดไอออนสังกะสีแบบไฮบริด, ภานุวัฒน์ ธรฤทธิ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ในงานวิจัยนี้ได้ศึกษาความเป็นไปได้ในการนำเปลือกหมากซึ่งเป็นวัสดุเหลือทิ้งทางการเกษตรจากหมากอันเป็นพืชเศรษฐกิจสำคัญของภาคใต้ โดยจะนำมาสังเคราะห์ถ่านกัมมันต์เพื่อใช้ในตัวเก็บประจุยิ่งยวดแบบไฮบริด กระบวนการในการสังเคราะห์เริ่มจากการกระตุ้นทางเคมีด้วยซิงก์คลอไรด์ต่อวัตถุดิบที่อัตราส่วน 2:1 3:1 และ 4:1 โดยมวล ผ่านกระบวนการเผา ที่ใช้อุณหภูมิในช่วง 500 600 700 และ 800 องศาเซลเซียส ผลปรากฏว่าที่อัตราส่วน 3:1 และอุณหภูมิ 700 องศาเซลเซียส สามารถให้ค่าพื้นที่ผิวจำเพาะสูงถึง 1346.72 ตารางเมตรต่อกรัม มีชนิดรูพรุนขนาดเล็กเป็นหลักซึ่งสอดคล้องกับสมบัติตัวเก็บประจุที่ดี การศึกษาคุณสมบัติทางเคมีไฟฟ้าในรูปแบบตัวเก็บประจุยิ่งยวดแบบสองชั้นในอิเล็กโทรไลต์ฐานน้ำ (1 M H2SO4) สามารถให้ค่าเก็บประจุสูงถึง 144.48 ฟารัดต่อกรัม ที่กระแสไฟฟ้าเป็น 1 แอมแปร์ต่อกรัม ในการทดสอบแบบสามขั้ว ค่าความจุจำเพาะเริ่มต้นที่ 48.46 ฟารัดต่อกรัม ที่กระแสไฟฟ้าเป็น 10 แอมแปร์ต่อกรัม ในการทดสอบแบบสองขั้ว ความเสถียรของค่าความจุอยู่ที่ร้อยละ 98 หลังจากการอัด-คายประจุอย่างต่อเนื่องมากกว่า 50,000 รอบ กรณีตัวเก็บประจุสังกะสี-ไอออนแบบไฮบริดในอิเล็กโทรไลต์ฐานน้ำ (1 M ZnSO4) เมื่อนำถ่านกัมมันต์ข้างต้นผสมกับพอลิอะนิลีน โดยอาศัยพฤติกรรมความเป็นตัวเก็บประจุยิ่งยวดแบบเทียมที่เกิดปฏิกิริยารีดอกซ์ขึ้น วัสดุผสมถ่านกัมมันต์ต่อพอลิอะนิลีนที่ใช้มีอัตราส่วน 1:6 โดยมวล สามารถให้ค่าเก็บประจุสูงสุดถึง 79.15 มิลลิแอมแปร์ ชั่วโมงต่อกรัม ที่กระแสไฟฟ้า 0.05 แอมแปร์ต่อกรัม และสามารถให้ค่าความจุจำเพาะเริ่มต้นที่ 48.04 มิลลิแอมแปร์ ชั่วโมงต่อกรัม ที่กระแสไฟฟ้าเป็น 0.5 แอมแปร์ต่อกรัม ความเสถียรของค่าความจุอยู่ที่ร้อยละ 79.60 หลังการอัด-คายประจุต่อเนื่องจำนวน 100 รอบวัฏจักร

Isolation Of Ace2 Inhibitors From Rice Bran Oil By-Product, Muhammad Waqar Nasir

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This study aimed to isolate γ-oryzanol from the crude oil acid fraction (a by-product of rice bran oil refinery) and to evaluate their Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitory activity. Chromatographic fractionation of the crude oil acid fraction gave 3 isolated fractions of γ-oryzanol containing cycloartenyl ferulate, campesteryl ferulate, sitosteryl ferulate, stigmasteryl ferulate, and cyclobranyl ferulate. The γ-oryzanol containing cycloartenyl ferulate and campesteryl ferulate as major component showed good ACE2 inhibitory activity with the IC50 value 10.57 μg/mL. Furthermore, the 19 structures of γ-oryzanol were also studied for its interaction against ACE2 through molecular docking. Based on the in-silico study, ADME …

Data Analysis Of Volatile Compounds In Green Curry Paste By Comprehensive Heartcut Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Using Retention Indices For Nonpolar And Polar Columns, Sudarat Arunmongkon

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In this work, comprehensive heart cut two-dimensional chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry (CH/C MDGCMS) was applied for reliable identification of volatile compounds in green curry paste sample using HP-5MS (30 m length x 250 µm i.d. x 0.25 µm thickness) and DB-WAX (60 m length x 250 µm i.d. x 0.5 µm thickness) for a first non-polar column (1D) to a flam ionization detector and a second polar column (2D) to a mass spectrometer, respectively. The CH/C MDGC with 25 injection runs for total analysis time of 20.83 hr was achievedusing a Deans switch for transferring eluent from the first …

Effect Of Peptide Hydrolysates From Riceberry On Reducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress In Cells, Theeranuch Jaroenchuensiri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, contributes to diseases and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Antioxidants can mitigate ER stress. We investigated synthetic peptides from riceberry rice hydrolysates against ER stress. Ten peptides were evaluated for toxicity and antioxidant activity in SH-SY5Y and L929 cell lines. Peptides ID 3 to ID 5 ,and ID 10 showed significant antioxidant activity protecting cells from oxidative stress induced by IAA and H2O2. These peptides alleviated ER stress induced by TM, as observed through fluorescence microscopy analysis using ConA dye. Peptides ID 3 to 5 reduced ConA …

Elucidating The Molecular Basis Of Spontaneous Activation In An Engineered Mechanosensitive Channel, Kalyan Immadisetty, Adithya Polasa, Reid Shelton, Mahmoud Moradi

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) detects and responds to changes in the pressure profile of cellular membranes and transduces the mechanical energy into electrical and/or chemical signals. MscL can be activated using ultrasonic or chemical activation methods to improve the absorption of medicines and bioactive compounds into cells. However, re-engineering chemical signals such as pH change can trigger channel activation in MscL. This study elucidates the activation mechanism of an engineered MscL at an atomic level through a combination of equilibrium and non-equilibrium (NE) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Comparing the wild-type (WT) and engineered MscL activation processes suggests that …

Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy Analysis Of Native American Pottery For Maple Syrup Residues, Alexis Wirtz

Honors Program Theses

The research conducted regards whether or not Native Americans understood how to create maple syrup before the influence of Europeans. The analytical technique that was used is gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This technique assisted in understanding what organic residues resided within the pottery and what those organic residues tell us about Native American history. An analysis of organic residues was performed on the following types of pottery: proof of concept pottery, weathered pottery (an analog of the proof of concept), and Native American pottery. The residues used in analysis were obtained through the usage of different solvent systems - Acetone: …

Analysis Of Sex-Specific Prostanoid Production Using A Mouse Model Of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition, Rita K. Upmacis, Wendy L. Becker, Donna M. Rattendi, Raven S. Bell, Kelsey D. Jordan, Shayan Saniei, Elena Mejia

Faculty Papers and Publications

Background: Prostanoids are a family of lipid mediators formed from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase enzymes and serve as biomarkers of vascular function. Prostanoid production may be different in males and females indicating that different therapeutic approaches may be required during disease.

Objecti ves: We examined sex-dependent differences in COX-related metabolites in genetically modified mice that produce a cyclooxygenase- 2 (COX2) enzyme containing a tyrosine 385 to phenylalanine (Y385F) mutation. This mutation renders the COX2 enzyme unable to form a key intermediate radical required for complete arachidonic acid metabolism and provides a model of selective COX2 inhibition.

Design and …

Analysis Of Blue Fountain Pen Ink By Uv-Vis Spectroscopy, Atr-Ftir Spectroscopy, And Thin Layer Chromatography Enhanced With Rgb Spot Evaluation To Construct A Database For Comparison And Identification., Elliot D. Quinteros

Dissertations and Theses

Pen ink can be a crucial piece of physical evidence in the area of Forensic Science. For example, evidence such as notes, letters, printed documents, checks, currency, ransom notes, and books may contain ink. Analysis of ink is typically done for identification or differentiation purposes. To improve existing methods, it was proposed to create a database with many samples and experimental information. The methods used and evaluated were thin-layer chromatography (TLC) enhanced with RGB spot evaluation, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. All three methods were used to analyze 89 fountain pen ink samples. All three methods were able to discriminate …

Poly(Β-Gal-Thr): A New Scalable Synthetic Mucin, Manuel A. Lema

Dissertations and Theses

A method for the preparation of glycosylated polypeptides via the nucleophilic ring-opening polymerization of a glycosylated N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) monomer is reported. The synthesis of 2,3,4,6-tetraacetyl-β-galactose-threonine N-carboxyanhydride (β-AcO-Gal-Thr-NCA) monomer in 5 steps with an 8 % overall yield is described, and the single-crystal X-ray structure is provided. The effect of a series of Ni⁰-based organometallic initiators, nucleophilic amine initiators, co-catalysts, and solvents on the polymerization were explored. The kinetics of the three most promising conditions were studied in greater detail. The conditions that provided the highest yield, low polydispersity (Ð), and …

Emissions, Shawn Urbanski, Susan O'Neill, Amara L. Holder, Sarah Green, Rick L. Graw

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

This chapter assesses the current state of the science regarding the composition, intensity, and drivers of wildland fire emissions in the USA and Canada. Globally and in the USA wildland fires are a major source of gases and aerosols which have significant air quality impacts and climate interactions. Wildland fire smoke can trigger severe pollution episodes with substantial effects on public health. Fire emissions can degrade air quality at considerable distances downwind, hampering efforts by air regulators to meet air standards. Fires are a major global source of aerosols which affect the climate system by absorbing and scattering radiation and …

The Synthesis And Biocatalytic Reduction Of Beta-Keto Alkynes, Rhema M. Francis

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The preparation of enantiopure homopropargyl alcohols (but-3-yn-ols) is of high importance to the scientific community. They are employed as valuable pharmaceutical intermediates and are opportune to generate antiviral nucleoside analogues. Chiral inducement of these molecules thus far has been poor (low ee) and has constituted a key challenge for asymmetric synthesis in the last few decades. Enzyme-catalyzed enantioselective reductions of ketones have become popular to produce thus-prepared synthons on an industrial scale. Among them, biocatalysts (dehydrogenases, reductases) emerge as a biodegradable option for chemical transformations, in comparison to chiral catalysts that employ highly toxic metals. This research investigates the catalytic …

Characterization Of Nanoparticles Using Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Jabez D. Campbell

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Nanomaterials are a relatively new class of materials that have many applications which span a wide host of fields from medical products to consumer products. The possible compositions and forms of nanomaterials are just as varied as the applications. Therefore, a versatile characterization method is needed for researchers and regulators alike to ensure nanomaterials are properly used. Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) is a functional method that could fill the characterization need in the nanomaterial research field. Using data from both SP-ICP-MS tests and data from literature established characterization methods, the viability of making SP-ICP-MS the standard …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Chitosan Derivatives Intended For Gene Delivery Applications, Alex M. Mcmullen

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Chitosan has been studied as a non-viral vector capable of efficient gene delivery due to its favorable properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and is non-toxic to mammalian cells. Incorporating electrostatic interactions in non-viral vectors enhance the vector permeability. This work focuses on two parts. Firstly, cationic chitosan derivatives were synthesized using quarternary ammonium and phosphonium groups. This was achieved by coupling carboxylic acid ligands with these quarternary groups to chitosan through an amide bond. The carboxylic acid ligands were synthesized from 4-methylbenzoic acid and either triethyl phosphine or triethyl amine. The ligand was then attached to chitosan through an amide …

Development Of Peg-B-Pla Based Micelles For Neutralization Of A Toxic Peptide, Giselle Campos

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

I herein report the preparation and characterization of PEG-b-PLA block copolymer micelles and PEG-b-PLA/PLA mixed micelles as potential “plastic antidotes” for a toxic peptide, melittin. PEG-b-PLA micelles have been used in a number of biomedical applications for their biodegradability and biocompatibility. Along these lines, I investigated the colloidal stability and the peptide absorption properties of PEG-b-PLA/PLA mixed micelles. A series of PEG-b-PLA block copolymer micelles and PEG-b-PLA/PLA mixed micelles were prepared, and their colloidal stability was studied. The hydrodynamic diameters of stable micelles were determined by using Dynamic …

Optimizing The Fluorescent Quantum Yield Of Carbon Dots, Megan B. Prado

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Carbon dots (CDs) are a subclass of carbon nanomaterials that exhibit unique properties of fluorescence, photostability, low toxicity, and biocompatibility. These unique properties have enabled numerous applications including biosensing, heavy-metal detection, and pH-sensing, among others. Their optical properties can be modified via doping to produce increasingly fluorescent CDs after appropriate purification. Herein, doped CDs were synthesized in four bottom-up methods for comparison using sucrose or citric acid as carbon precursors. Varying hetero-atom dopants (N, S, B) were used in differing molar ratios. The pH-dependent fluorescence and fluorescent quantum yield (QY) were measured for each sample. Characterization was conducted using Fourier-Transform …

Nonhematopoietic Erythropoietin: A Study Of Signaling, Structure, And Behavior, Nicholas John Pekas

Dissertations and Theses

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine hormone known for initiating red blood cell proliferation by binding to its homodimer receptor (EPOR)2 in the bone marrow. Recent progress in neurobiology has shown that EPO also exerts robust neurotrophic and neuroprotective activity in the CNS. It is widely thought that EPO’s neurotrophic activity is centrally involved in its antidepressant and cognitive enhancing effects. However, EPO’s potent erythropoietic effects prevent it from being used in the clinic to treat psychiatric disorders. A chemically engineered non-erythropoietic derivative of EPO, carbamoylated EPO (CEPO), produces psychoactive effects without activating hematopoiesis. However, CEPO is expensive to produce and …

Investigating Synthetic Methods For Tio2-Nayf4 Hybrid Nanocrystals, Nurul Muttakin

Dissertations and Theses

The capacity to develop and expand the utility of a single nanostructure is one of the major issues in the field of hybrid nanocrystals. Major advancements in the fabrication of materials with multiple functionalities by combining many materials into a single nanoparticle entity are intriguing, but they still pose obstacles that must be addressed. This trend has been spurred by significant progressions in the wet-chemical synthesis of durable and easily programmable nanocrystals with various morphologies. The extent of the structural complexity of solution-based nanocrystals looks to be one of the inevitable avenues along which nanoscience will increasingly focus. We have …