Chemistry Commons^™

Nanoparticles As Alternative Ceramic Glaze Colorants, Nathan Dinh

Honors Theses

Metallic nanoparticles, including gold and silver, have been used in wide-ranging applications due to their versatile characteristics. These include catalysis, biosensing, imaging, cancer treatments, and art. Due to the phenomenon called surface plasmon resonance, metallic particles change optical properties when sized in the nanoscale based on their composition, shape, diameters, or aspect ratios. In study, these robust nanoparticle systems are applied as an alternative to traditional bulk metal colorants in ceramic glazes.

In this study, the research goals are two-fold: to understand firing mechanism on the gold nanoparticle size and to develop these processes for wider use by regular artisans. …

Open Ensemble Modeling Of Confined Electrolytes, Serban Zamfir

Theses and Dissertations

The main purpose of my study was to work towards better understanding the behavior of salt solutions in nanoconfinements and its causes. To this end I have developed an in-house C++ code that can perform notoriously challenging open ensemble Monte Carlo molecular simulations, calculate relevant thermodynamic and extract structural information about each system. I use this code in my first project which deals with the intrusion/extrusion of aqueous NaCl into a nanopore open to a pressurized bulk environment. For my second project, I study the effect of explicitly accounting for intramolecular polarization and accompanying multi-body interactions on the uptake, structure, …

Selective Synthesis Of Trans-Fused Lactam-Lactones By Vicinal Difunctionalization Of Readily Affordable Allylic Lactams, Morgan J. Rodriguez

All Master's Theses

With intrinsic versatility and an overwhelming presence in natural products, nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocycles boast a plethora of medicinal properties. Specifically, lactams and lactones are the respective luminaries of the antibiotic and flavor worlds. However, the synthesis of fused lactams-lactones, especially those bearing trans-fusion, is challenging from the standpoints of chemoselectivity, stereoselectivity, and regioselectivity. In this thesis, the highly-selective, cost-effective, and high-yielding conversion of readily affordable allylic lactams into trans-fused lactam-lactones by intramolecular vicinal difunctionalization is explored. The approach is highly divergent and requires only two steps, which bodes well for the construction of medicinally pertinent fragments. It …

Chemical Process Development, University Of North Dakota. Energy And Environmental Research Center

EERC Brochures and Fact Sheets

Fact sheet on the Energy & Environmental Research Center’s chemical process development capabilities.

Cu(Ii) Phenanthroline-Phenazine Complexes Dysregulate Mitochondrial Function And Stimulate Apoptosis, Garret Rochford, Zara Molphy, Kevin Kavanagh, Malachy Mccann, Michael Devereux, Andrew Kellett, Orla L. Howe

Articles

Herein we report an in-depth study on the cytotoxic mechanism of action of four developmental cytotoxic copper(II) complexes: [Cu(phen)2]2+ (Cu-Phen); [Cu(DPQ)(Phen)]2+ (Cu-DPQ-Phen); [Cu(DPPZ)(Phen)]2+; and [Cu(DPPN)(Phen)]2+ (where Phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, DPQ = dipyrido[3,2-f:20,30-h]quinoxaline, DPPZ = dipyrido[3,2-a:20,30-c]phenazine, and DPPN = benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:20,30-c]phenazine). This complex class is known for its DNA intercalative properties and recent evidence—derived from an in vivo proteomic study—supports the potential targeting of mitochondrial function. Therefore, we focused on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis related to cytotoxic activity and the potential impact these agents have on mitochondrial function. The Cu(II) complexes demonstrated superior activity regardless of aromatic extension within the phenazine ligand to the …

Effect Of Pyridoxal Phosphate And Tetrahydrofolate Bound On Human Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase By Molecular Dynamic Simulation, Peerapong Wongpituk

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, is involved in one-carbon metabolism in multiple biochemical pathways, including the biosynthesis of purine and thymidine. SHMT1 is the enzyme to be studied clinically as a target for cancer chemotherapy. Therefore, the binding mechanism of this enzyme would be investigated. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations for 500 ns was applied on SHMT1 tetramer in six systems with different ligand cofactors (PLP-Lys, L-ser, PLS, PLG, THF, and MTHF) in order to understand its structural dynamics properties. The key residues Y'73, S53, H231, K257, R263 and R402 were found in all ligand cofactor/SHMT1 …

Determination Of Herbicides In Water Samples By Spectroscopic Techniques, Anna Prukjareonchook

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Atrazine and paraquat are widely used to control weeds in the agricultural areas. The residue of herbicides can harm the environment and living things. In this research, nanoporous carbon derived from melamine based polybenzoxazine or NPC-PBZ-m was used as an adsorbent for atrazine and paraquat analysis. NPC-PBZ-m was synthesized by sol-gel and pyrolysis processes. The characteristics of sorbent were investigated by FTIR, BET, XPS, and FE-SEM. For atrazine determination, NPC-PBZ-m pre-concentration column combined with a colorimetric detection based on a Konig’s reaction and HPLC-UV at 222 nm were developed. The parameters affecting the adsorption performance were optimized. The reusability of …

พลศาสตร์ของไหลเชิงคำนวณของรีฟอร์มมิงด้วยคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ของมีเทนในเครื่องปฏิกรณ์ ฟลูอิไดซ์เบดแบบหมุนเวียนภายใน, ดุลยพัฒน์ เทียมสกุล

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ในปัจจุบัน แก๊สเรือนกระจกหลักที่ปลดปล่อยออกสู่ชั้นบรรยากาศ คือ แก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ และมีเทน เพื่อจัดการกับแก๊สเรือนกระจก เทคโนโลยีการดักจับแก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์จึงได้ถูกคิดค้นขึ้น อย่างไรก็ตาม การดักจับแก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์นั้น แก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ยังคงอยู่ในรูป CO2 จึงนำไปสู่เทคโนโลยีการนำแก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์มาใช้ประโยชน์ ที่เป็นการเปลี่ยนแก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ที่ดักจับได้เป็นสารอื่นที่มีมูลค่า ปฏิกิริยารีฟอร์มมิงด้วยคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ของมีเทน เป็นการทำปฏิกิริยาระหว่าง แก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ และมีเทน จะเห็นได้ว่าปฏิกิริยานี้เป็นการใช้แก๊สคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ และมีเทนซึ่งเป็นสาเหตุหลักของแก๊สเรือนกระจก เครื่องปฏิกรณ์ฟลูอิไดซ์เบดแบบหมุนเวียนภายในเป็นเครื่องปฏิกรณ์ที่ได้รวมทั้งหอไรเซอร์ ไซโคลน หอดาวเนอร์ และท่อป้อนกลับ ไว้ในเครื่องปฏิกรณ์เครื่องเดียว ทำให้เครื่องปฏิกรณ์นี้สามารถดำเนินการได้ง่ายกว่าเครื่องปฏิกรณ์ฟลูอิไดซ์เบดแบบหมุนเวียนทั่วไป โดยเครื่องปฏิกรณ์ชนิดนี้ถูกแบ่ง ด้วยแผ่นกั้นเป็น 2 ฝั่ง ซึ่งทำหน้าที่เป็นไรเซอร์และดาวเนอร์ของระบบที่เชื่อมกันด้วยช่องบริเวณด้านล่างของ เครื่องปฏิกรณ์ ในงานวิจัยนี้ได้ทำการศึกษาอุทกพลศาสตร์และปฏิกิริยารีฟอร์มมิงด้วยคาร์บอนไดออกไซด์ของมีเทนที่เกิดขึ้นในเครื่องปฏิกรณ์ฟลูอิไดซ์เบดแบบหมุนเวียนภายในที่มีการออกแบบ ลักษณะตัวกระจายแก๊ส ความสูงของแผ่นกั้นระหว่างด้านไรเซอร์กับดาวเนอร์ ความกว้างของ loop seal และความกว้างของ ทางออกแก๊ส แตกต่างกัน ซึ่งได้ทำการศึกษาโดยใช้อนุภาคขนาด 200 ไมโครเมตร ความหนาแน่น 3000 กิโลกรัมต่อลูกบาศก์เมตร และมีอัตราการป้อนแก๊สด้านดาวเนอร์และด้านไรเซอร์เท่ากับ 0.3 เมตรต่อวินาที และ 1.37 เมตรต่อวินาที ตามลำดับ โดยใช้พลศาสตร์ของไหลเชิงคำนวณในการศึกษา พบว่า การออกแบบเครื่องปฏิกรณ์ฟลูอิไดซ์เบดแบบหมุนเวียนภายในที่เหมาะสม คือ ตัวกระจายแก๊สแบบยกระดับ สัดส่วนความสูงของเครื่องเป็น 2 เท่าของความสูงแผ่นกั้น สัดส่วนความกว้างของเบดเป็น 10 เท่าของ loop seal และสัดส่วนความกว้างของ freeboard zone เป็น 37.5 เท่าของช่องทางออกแก๊ส

Preparation Of Corn Starch-Alginate Beads Encapsulated Anthocyanins And Cinnamon Oil, Duangkamon Sriwichai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Corn starch-alginate beads loaded with anthocyanins or cinnamon oil were prepared using different components by the ionotropic gelation method. The matrix of anthocyanin-loaded corn starch-alginate beads (or anthocyanin beads) was alginate, native corn starch and soy protein isolated (SPI). The anthocyanins were extracted from butterfly pea flowers. SPI was used due to the good anthocyanin adsorption without leaking of anthocyanin during freeze-dried process. In addition, cinnamon oil-loaded corn starch-alginate beads (or oil beads) composed of alginate, porous corn starch and cinnamon oil. Porous corn starch was obtained from enzyme hydrolysis. Both types of beads were characterized their chemical and physical …

Detection Of Hydrogen Peroxide And Persulfate Ion By Gold Nanorod Sensor, Petrada Chunnuan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Gold nanorods (GNRs) multicolor sensor were developed to determine hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and persulfate (S2O82-) based on the etching of GNRs which was detected from either naked-eye or UV-visible spectroscopic method. The changed size of GNRs was directly related to the concentration of H2O2 and S2O82-. To obtain the optimum conditions for H2O2 and S2O82- determination, CTAB concentration, FeSO4 concentration and detection time were investigated. For H2O2, the working range was 0.20 to 3.0 mM where the good linear working range was in the range of 0.20 to 0.80 mM. LOD was 0.08 mM. Moreover, the GNRs conjugated hydrogel was …

Genetic And Biochemical Characterization Of Ergot Alkaloid Synthesizing Fungi And Their Symbionts, Matthew Duane Maust

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ergot alkaloids are fungal tryptophan derived toxins which affect mammalian circulation and neurotransmission. These compounds are biosynthesized by a conserved genetic pathway, known as the ergot alkaloid synthesis (EAS) pathway by fungi belonging to the ascomycete families Trichocomaceae and Clavicipitaceae. Several Ipomoea species and related plants in the morning glory family harbor vertically transmitted symbiotic fungi in the genus Periglandula, also members of Clavicipitaceae, that produce ergot alkaloids. Metabolomic analysis of seeds identified a previously uncharacterized glycoside form of the pharmaceutically important ergot alkaloid, ergonovine. Several species belonging to the fungal genus Metarhizium have recently been shown to have the …

Protein/Peptide Characterization Using Mass Spectrometry And Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Ahmad Kiani Karanji

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Mass spectrometry (MS) based-techniques and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to characterize protein/peptide structure as well as their interactions with lipid vesicles and detergents. Chapter 1 introduces an introduction to the concepts and tools that were used in this work. In Chapter 2, the dominant gas-phase conformer of [M+3H]3+ ions of the model peptide Acetyl-PSSSSKSSSSKSSSSKSSSSK are examined with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), gas-phase hydrogen deuterium exchange (HDX), and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. This section furthers the development of a protein structural prediction tool by providing information about gas-phase ion conformers of two model peptides having different solution conformational …

The Effects Of Membrane Physicochemical Properties On Huntingtin Membrane Association And Downstream Aggregation, Maryssa Beasley

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded glutamine repeat region (polyQ) within the huntingtin protein (htt). As a result of the expanded polyQ domain, htt associates into a variety of toxic aggregate species. The polyQ domain of htt is flanked at the N-terminal end by 17 amino acids (Nt17) that adopt an amphipathic α-helical structure in the presence of binding partners such as lipid membranes. In addition to comprising a lipid binding domain, the Nt17 amphipathic α -helix has been directly implicated in htt aggregation initiation via self-association with other Nt17 α -helices. Due to …

Synthesis Of Graphene Using Plasma Etching And Atmospheric Pressure Annealing: Process And Sensor Development, Andrew Robert Graves

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Having been theorized in 1947, it was not until 2004 that graphene was first isolated. In the years since its isolation, graphene has been the subject of intense, world-wide study due to its incredibly diverse array of useful properties. Even though many billions of dollars have been spent on its development, graphene has yet to break out of the laboratory and penetrate mainstream industrial applications markets. This is because graphene faces a ‘grand challenge.’ Simply put, there is currently no method of manufacturing high-quality graphene on the industrial scale. This grand challenge looms particularly large for electronic applications where the …

Correction: Visible-Light Photooxidation In Water By 1o2-Generating Supramolecular Hydrogels, Sankarsan Biswas, Mohit Kumar, Andrew Levine, Ian Jimenez, Rein V. Ulijn, Adam Braunschweig

Advanced Science Research Center

Correction for ‘Visible-light photooxidation in water by ¹O₂-generating supramolecular hydrogels’ by Sankarsan Biswas et al., Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 4239–4245, DOI: 10.1039/C9SC06481H.

Spatial Defects Nanoengineering For Bipolar Conductivity In Mos2, Xiaorui Zheng, Annalisa Calò, Tengfei Cao, Xiangyu Liu, Zhujun Huang, Paul Masih Das, Marija Drndic, Edoardo Albisetti, Francesco Lavini, Tai-De Li, Vishal Narang, William P. King, Michele Vittadello, Carmela Aruta, Davood Shahrjerdi, Elisa Riedo

Advanced Science Research Center

Understanding the atomistic origin of defects in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, their impact on the electronic properties, and how to control them is critical for future electronics and optoelectronics. Here, we demonstrate the integration of thermochemical scanning probe lithography (tc-SPL) with a flow-through reactive gas cell to achieve nanoscale control of defects in monolayer MoS₂. The tc-SPL produced defects can present either p- or n-type doping on demand, depending on the used gasses, allowing the realization of field effect transistors, and p-n junctions with precise sub-μm spatial control, and a rectification ratio of over 10⁴. Doping …

Polymer Brush Hypersurface Photolithography, Carlos Carbonell, Daniel J. Valles, Alexa M. Wong, Andrea S. Carlini, Mollie A. Touve, Joanna Korpanty, Nathan C. Gianneschi, Adam B. Braunschweig

Advanced Science Research Center

Polymer brush patterns have a central role in established and emerging research disciplines, from microarrays and smart surfaces to tissue engineering. The properties of these patterned surfaces are dependent on monomer composition, polymer height, and brush distribution across the surface. No current lithographic method, however, is capable of adjusting each of these variables independently and with micrometer-scale resolution. Here we report a technique termed Polymer Brush Hypersurface Photolithography, which produces polymeric pixels by combining a digital micromirror device (DMD), an air-free reaction chamber, and microfluidics to independently control monomer composition and polymer height of each pixel. The printer capabilities are …

Hijacking The Fusion Complex Of Human Parainfluenza Virus As An Antiviral Strategy, T. C. Marcink, E. Yariv, K. Rybkina, V. Más, F. T. Bovier, A. Des Georges, A. L. Greninger, C. A. Alabi, M. Porotto, N. Ben-Tal, A. Moscona

Advanced Science Research Center

The receptor binding protein of parainfluenza virus, hemagglutinin- neuraminidase (HN), is responsible for actively triggering the viral fusion protein (F) to undergo a conformational change leading to insertion into the target cell and fusion of the virus with the target cell membrane. For proper viral entry to occur, this process must occur when HN is engaged with host cell receptors at the cell surface. It is possible to interfere with this process through premature activation of the F protein, distant from the target cell receptor. Conformational changes in the F protein and adoption of the postfusion form of the protein …

Quantum Chemical Pka Estimation Of Carbon Acids, Saturated Alcohols, And Ketones Via Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships, Corey Adam Baldasare

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Acid dissociation constants, often expressed as pKa values, afford vital information with regards to molecular behavior in various environments and are of significance in fields of organic, inorganic, and medicinal chemistry. Several quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed that correlate experimental pKas for a given class of compounds with a descriptor(s) calculated using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level utilizing the CPCM solvent model. A set of carbon acids provided a good final QSAR model of experimental aqueous pKas versus ΔEH2O (R2 = 0.9647) upon removal of three aldehydes as outliers. A study of saturated alcohols offered a final …

Synthesis Of Bio-Based Polymer Products, Joshua Sukie

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The project covers the synthesis of two bio-based polymers. One aspect of the research investigates the synthesis of materials for use in vegetable oil-based UV-curable coating, and the subsequent polymerization of the materials into a coating film. The second aspect of the research follows the synthesis of a functionalized cellulose material for use as a reinforcer in a vegetable oil-based composite. Both products are subsequently analyzed by various methods.

Design Of Pigments For Use In “Cool” Coatings, Tyler Laughorn

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This project was focused on the development and testing of several novel pigments that exhibit high NIR-reflectance and therefore show potential for use in “cool” coatings. A “cool” coating will reflect more solar radiation than other standard coatings, and so a coated structure would require less energy to keep cool. Four sets of pigments were synthesized: Co_1-xMg_xCr₂O₄ (teal), Co_0.25Mg_0.75Cr_2-yAl_yO₄ (blue), Ti_1-x-yNi_xSb_yO₂ (yellow), and Cr_2-xFe_xO₃ (black). NIR and TSR values were then measured …

Filtration Apparatus Design For Oil-Water Separation Using Membranes And Sponges, Alec Jerger

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

It can be difficult to separate water and oil emulsions through traditional filtration. Therefore, investigations of filtering using thermo-responsive (TR) polymers, in this case poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME), was conducted. It’s hypothesized that below its lower critical solution temperature (LCST), PVME has an affinity for water while oil substances do not. Above the LCST the opposite will be true. To verify this hypothesis, iterations of filtration designs were created to provide optimum control over the parameters to measure flow. The final optimized experimental apparatus was a Chromaflex glass column which was air tight and controlled all parameters besides fluid flow. …

Triflic Acid Mediated Sequential Cyclization Of Ortho-Alkynylarylesters With Ammonium Acetate, Maciej E. Domaradzki, Xiaochen Liu, Jiye Ong, Gyeongah Yu, Gan Zhang, Ariel Simantov, Eliyahu Perl, Yu Chen

Publications and Research

A triflic acid (TfOH) mediated sequential cyclization of ortho-alkynylarylesters and ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) was reported. The reaction took place via a Brønsted acid-mediated intramolecular cyclization of ortho-alkynylarylesters followed by an ammonium acetate participated substitution reaction, forming isoquinolin-1-ones as the major products. Different from most of the known synthetic methods of isoquinolin-1-ones, no metal catalyst was required in the reported reaction. The regioisomers – isoindolin-1-ones were obtained together with isoquinolin-1-ones in a few cases. The intermediate compounds – isochromen-1-ones and isobenzofuran-1-ones were also isolated. The interconversion experiments showed that the regioisomers formed during the Brønsted acid induced …

Laser Surface Cleaning As A Novel Approach For Genesis Solar Wind Collectors, Martina Schmeling, I. V. Veryovkin, C. E. Tripa

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

A new surface cleaning method utilizing lasers has been evaluated for its suitability to Genesis solar wind collectors

Revealing The Hidden Hyperfine Interactions In Ε-Iron, Dimitrios Bessas, Ilya Sergueev, Konstantin Glazyrin, Cornelius Strohm, Ilya Kupenko, Daniel G. Merkel, Gary J. Long, Fernande Grandjean, Aleksandr I. Chumakov, Rudolf Ruffer

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Herein, evidence for the long-sought finite hyperfine interaction in the high-pressure hexagonal close-packed ε-iron is gained through synchrotron radiation perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy. This method yields an energy splitting of 3.5(5)neV between the m_Ie= ± 1/2 and m_Ie = ± 3/2 nuclear sublevels of the iron-57 14.412-keV nuclear excited state at 30(1)GPa and room temperature. This energy splitting is related to a nuclear quadrupole hyperfine interaction with an electric field gradient of eq=1.2(2) x 10¹⁶V/cm². However, there is still a possibility that the splitting of the iron-57 nuclear levels is related …

A Square Channel Vanadium Phosphite Framework As A High Voltage Cathode For Li- And Na-Ion Batteries, Prashanth Sandineni, Pranal Madria, Kartik Ghosh, Amitava Choudhury

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

A vanadium phosphite compound, LiV(HPO3)2, has been synthesized using low-melting flux composed of phosphorous acid and lithium hydroxide. The crystal structure of the compound as refined using the Rietveld method matched with the previously reported unit cell parameters (space group: I42d, a = b = 10.5987(4), c = 9.9843(5) Å). It has a 3-dimensional open-framework structure with intersecting channels. Eight-membered ring square channels can be viewed along the c-axis and 6-membered ring channels along the a- and b-axis. The Li-ions are located in the six-membered ring channels exactly at the opening window to the eight-membered ring channels. The magnetic property …

Structural Investigation On The Thermal Degradation Of Aqueous Amines In Post-Combustion Co2 Capture, Jeffrey Alexander Laub

Online Theses and Dissertations

One of the major issues concerning the increase in global temperature is with the elevating levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. Combustion of fossil fuels in power plants is a leading contributor to the elevated anthropogenic CO2 concentration. To help alleviate this issue, the investigation of aqueous amines being implemented for the capture of CO2 in the post-combustion carbon capture (PCCC) in power plants has been a growing interest to chemists. One of the concerns with aqueous amines, is their ability to thermally degrade. Thermal degradation is a prominent aspect for the loss of aqueous amines during the stripper process …

Effects Of Nutrient Overload And Environmental Conditions On Algal Bloom Formation: A Case Study Of Water Sources In Eastern Kentucky, Lauren Sutton

Online Theses and Dissertations

Eastern Kentucky is home to many private ponds used for agricultural and recreational purposes. Each year, the owners of these ponds observe harmful algal blooms (HABs) that release toxins into the water, potentially limiting the use of these ponds. A pilot study in summer 2018 observed a harmful algal bloom (HAB) occurring in one pond in Madison Country that roughly correlated with a rise in water sulfate levels with no detectable levels of nitrate or phosphate present. A follow-up study of this pond and others in the area was conducted during Summer 2019. The purpose of this project was three-fold: …

Development Of Novel Analytical Methods For Detection And Determination Of Tamoxifen In Oral Fluid And Discrimination Between Regioisomeric Aromatase Inhibitors For Doping Control Purposes, Brooke A. Sutton

Online Theses and Dissertations

The use of SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators) – most notably the drug Tamoxifen – has significantly increased among athletes over the past decade to enhance athletic performance and/or negate certain side effects of using anabolic steroids. This “doping” is always banned by WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency) for all athletes, but SERMs can naturally increase testosterone production so they are a tempting alternative to using steroids or androgenic supplements that can cause significant health problems (e.g. acne, breast development, frequent urge to urinate, low libido, etc.). Similarly, the use of AIs (Aromatase Inhibitors) has also increased among athletes for identical …

Automated Process Of Quantifying Scientific Images Using Fiji, Olivia Casimir

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.