Chemistry Commons^™

Principles Of Chemistry I & Ii (Ccga), Colleen Knight, Leon Gardner, Joseph Lodmell, Ernest Pascoe, Andrea Wallace, Lisa Mcneal

Chemistry Grants Collections

This Grants Collection for Principles of Chemistry I & II was created under a Round Seven ALG Textbook Transformation Grant.

Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process.

Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials:

• Linked Syllabus
• Initial Proposal
• Final Report

Organic Chemistry I & Ii (Ccga), Colleen Knight, Leon Gardner, Joseph Lodmell, Ernest Pascoe, Andrea Wallace, Lisa Mcneal

Chemistry Grants Collections

This Grants Collection for Organic Chemistry I & II was created under a Round Seven ALG Textbook Transformation Grant.

Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process.

Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials:

• Linked Syllabus
• Initial Proposal
• Final Report

The Impact Of The 515nm Effect On 1o2 Quenching In Photosynthesis: Model System Studies Using Β-Carotene–Acid Complexes, Lauren A. Hoody

Honors Theses

β-carotene (βC) is an orange pigment present in the photosynthetic reaction center (PRC) of green plants, where it plays a vital role in photosynthesis: It quenches singlet oxygen (1O2 , a toxic oxidizing species generated during photosynthesis) before the 1O2 damages chlorophyll and other components of the PRCs. During photosynthesis, βC temporarily converts from its native orange–450 state to a pink–515 state via the so–called 515nm Effect. Because of the differences between the electronic structures of orange–450 and pink–515, I hypothesize that pink–515 will quench 1O2 less efficiently than orange–450. This hypothesis has not been tested to date because orange–450 …

Versatile Sarcosine Biosensing Schemes Utilizing Layer-By-Layer Construction Of Carbon Nanotube-Chitosan Composite Films, Michael J. Pannell, Elizabeth E. Doll, Najwa Labban, Mulugeta B. Wayu, Julie A. Pollack, Michael C. Leopold

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Layer-by-layer composite films of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) within a chitosan matrix with sarcosine oxidase enzyme and capped with Nafion have been developed and optimized as a versatile 1st generation amperometric sarcosine biosensing platform that operates successfully both as an isolated sarcosine sensor as well as a functional component within a creatinine sensor. Accurate measurement of sarcosine in urine and creatinine in blood may help with early diagnosis of diseases such as prostate cancer and renal failure, respectively. In this study, each material within the film is systematically optimized toward sarcosine sensitivity, including a critical evaluation of different CNTs effect on …

Biogeochemical Cycling Of Selenium In The Arctic Ocean, Kyle M. Mcquiggan

OES Theses and Dissertations

Changes in the global climate may have a pronounced effect on the biogeochemical cycling of trace elements like selenium (Se) in the Arctic Ocean. This study described the first quantitative examination of the biogeochemical cycle of selenium in the Amerasian Basin, providing the baseline from which future changes can be identified. Aerosol, dissolved and particulate water samples were collected for Se determinations during the U.S. GEOTRACES GN01 Arctic expedition that sampled the two parts of the Amerasian Basin in 2015: The Makarov Basin on the way to the North Pole and the Canada Basin on the return trip to Dutch …

Production And Composition Of Pyrogenic Dissolved Organic Matter From A Logical Series Of Laboratory-Generated Chars, Kyle W. Bostick, Andrew R. Zimmerman, Andrew S. Wozniak, Siddhartha Mitra, Patrick G. Hatcher

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Though pyrogenic carbon (pyC) has been assumed to be predominantly stable, degradation and transfers of pyC between various pools have been found to influence its cycling and longevity in the environment. Dissolution via leaching may be the main control on loss processes such as microbial or abiotic oxidation, mineral sorption, or export to aquatic systems. Yet, little is known about the controls on pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (pyDOM) generation or composition. Here, the yield and composition of pyDOM generated through batch leaching of a thermal series of oak and grass biochars, as well as several non-pyrogenic reference materials, was compared …

Nadph-Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase: Extraction Of The Full-Length Protein And Methyl-Trosy Nmr Of The Soluble Mutants, Sara Ali Jamal Arafeh

Master's Theses (2009 -)

NADPH-cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase (CYPOR) is a membrane-bound protein in living cells. CYPOR delivers electrons to cytochrome p450 proteins (CYPs) to catalyze metabolism of drugs and synthesis of steroids. Extraction and solubilization of CYPOR from the membrane is typically done with the TritonX-100 detergent. The amount of the solubilized protein by this detergent, however, remains relatively low to structurally analyze CYPOR with NMR spectroscopy. The goal of the first project in this thesis was to optimize the amount of the extracted CYPOR from the E. coli membrane using various detergents and additives. To this aim, non-ionic detergents with variable hydrophobicity (TritonX-100, …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Biomimetic Models Of Mononuclear Nonheme Iron Dioxygenases And Their Reactive Intermediates, Anne Alyse Fischer

Dissertations (1934 -)

Mononuclear non-heme iron dioxygenases (MNIDs) are a class of enzymes that catalyze a variety of reactions, from amino acid catabolism to bioremediation using molecular oxygen. This work focuses on three types of MNIDs: thiol dioxygenaes (TDOs), aminophenoldioxygenases (APDOs), and sulfoxide synthases (SOSs). TDOs, found in mammals, regulate the levels of cysteine along with other thiol-containing molecules, using molecular oxygen to convert them into their corresponding sulfinic acids. APDOs catalyze the oxidative ring cleavage in the biodegradation of nitroaromatics. SOSs are involved in the biosynthesis of large biologically relevant molecules in humans. Although this class of enzymes has gained more attention …

Advancing Professional Development Strategies For Chemistry And Biochemistry Undergraduates, Christian A. Brown

Senior Theses

In the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of South Carolina (the Department), most curriculum-driven professional development is reserved for third- and fourth-year students. Classroom learning occurs at all levels, but the context comes late. Early exposure to career options and hands-on training is imperative for undergraduates to obtain maximum experiential learning. The purpose of this project is to advance the current professional development strategies of the Department, specifically targeting second- and third-year students. The study surveyed students' current involvement in professional development activities. The data on extracurricular experience and post-graduation interest was used to design a workshop …

Organocatalyzed Synthesis Of Epoxides From Chalcones Utilizing Amino Acids, Sabrina N. Kegeler

Masters Theses

The epoxide functional group is important throughout the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, as well as in nature. In the chemical industry, epoxides are present in resins and fragrances. In the pharmaceutical industry, epoxide-containing compounds are used as intermediates in the manufacturing of drugs. In nature, many natural products contain epoxide groups and are used for medicinal purposes, and for models to create synthetic molecules.

One approach to epoxide synthesis involves the use of an alkene precursor, a base, and an oxidizing agent. This is where my investigations began. The first step was to optimize the epoxidation reaction, examining substrate scope, …

Volume 10, Taylor Hogg, Tiffany Carter, Brandyn Johnson, Haleigh James, Josh Baker, Tyler Cernak, Kirsten Bauer, Allie Snavely, Mary Zell Galen, Eric Powell, Thomas Wise, Katie Kinsey, Beth Barbolla, Maeleigh Ferlet, Rebecca Morra, Michala Day, Alexandra Evangelista, Max Flores, Harley Hodges, Clardene Jones, Harrison Samaniego, Jamesha Watson, Abby Gargiulo, Heather Green, Haley Klepatzki, Juan Guevara, Dani Bondurant, Michael Joseph Link Jr., Pamela Dahl, Maeve Losen, Charlotte Murphey

Incite: The Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

Introduction Dr. Roger A. Byrne

An Analysis of Media Framing in Cases of Violence Against Women by Taylor Hogg

Writing in the Discipline of Nursing by Tiffany Carter

Photography by Brandyn Johnson

The Hidden Life of Beef Cattle: A Study of Cattle Welfare on Traditional Ranches and Industrial Farms by Haleigh James

Bloodworth's by Josh Baker and Tyler Cernak

Prosimians: Little Bodies, Big Significance by Kirsten Bauer

Skinformed by Allie Snavely

Coopertition and Gracious Professionalism: The Effects of First Robotics Folklore and Culture on the Stem Community by Mary Zell Galen

Tilt by Eric Powell And Thomas Wise

The Millennial …

Pitch Measurements In A Chiral Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal: Temperature And Dopant Concentration Dependence Of The Pitch, Timothy Ogolla , '18

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

The antihistamine, disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), forms a nematic (N) phase in which the molecules are stacked like a pile of cards to form columnar assemblies; addition of a small amount of chiral molecules can form a chiral nematic (N*) phase, with the assemblies arranged around a helical axis. For thermotropic liquid crystals (TLCs) the pitch is usually measured using the Cano wedge method, and in lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) the fingerprint texture is typically used. The effect of a dopant on the pitch of a chiral LCLC is quantified using the helical twisting power, which is the slope of …

Investigations Of The Quorum Sensing Repressor Lsrr From Escherichia Coli And Salmonella Typhimurium And The Putative Ai-2 Receptor Lsrb From Clostridium Antoethanogenum, Elijah N. Kissman , '18

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

Quorum sensing is a process by which bacteria coordinate community behaviors through the exchange of signal molecules. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria use quorum sensing to regulate cell density-dependent activities such as bioluminescence, biofilm formation, and the secretion of virulence factors. Interspecies quorum sensing is mediated by a signal molecule known as autoinducer-2 (AI-2) which is synthesized and recognized by a diverse range of bacterial phyla. The uptake and degradation of AI -2 is accomplished by proteins encoded by the lsr operon, which is regulated by AI-2. Previous research has suggested that dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), a metabolic product of AI-2 …

Using Spectral Methods To Obtain Particle Size Information From Optical Data: Applications To Measurements From Cares 2010, Dean B. Atkinson

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Multi-wavelength in situ aerosol extinction, absorption and scattering measurements made at two ground sites during the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) are analyzed using a spectral deconvolution method that allows extraction of particle-sizerelated information, including the fraction of extinction produced by the fine-mode particles and the effective radius of the fine mode. The spectral deconvolution method is typically applied to analysis of remote sensing measurements. Here, its application to in situ measurements allows for comparison with more direct measurement methods and validation of the retrieval approach. Overall, the retrieved finemode fraction and effective radius compare well with …

Microwave-Induced Bismuth Nitrate-Impregnated Claymediated Novel Dinitration Of 9,10- Dihydrophenanthrene: A Precursor For New Heterocycles, Ram Naresh Yadav, Leonardo Salazar, Amrendra Kumar Singh, Bimal K. Banik

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

A facile method for the dinitration of 9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene using domestic microwave-induced bismuth nitrate-impregnated clay is developed.

Photoremovable Protecting Groups Based On Electrocyclization With Leaving Group Expulsion Via A Proposed Zwitterion, Gilbert Ndzeidze

Dissertations (1934 -)

The triplet excited state of thioxanthone produced by photolysis undergoes reversible triplet energy transfer with a trimethylene - linked benzothiophene-2-carboxanilide ring system. The ensuing electrocyclic ring closure of the anilide moiety produces a putative zwitterionic intermediate that is capable of expelling leaving groups (LG-) from the C-3 position of the benzothiophene ring. Stern-Volmer quenching studies with cyclohexadiene as quencher furnish the rate constants for the triplet excitation transfer in the forward and reverse directions, which can be expressed as an equilibrium constant K = 0.058. Overall, the rate of triplet excited state reaction becomes K x kr = 5.7 x …

Creation And Use Of Software For Analysis Of Kinetic Proteomic Experiments, Bradley C. Naylor

Theses and Dissertations

In this dissertation, I will review the history and general strategies for performing kinetic proteomics. I will then demonstrate that I have published an open source, user-friendly program for other scientists to use to perform kinetic proteomics data analysis, as well as publishing a novel discovery of key ribosomal subunits being replaced within the lifetime of the ribosome, which was discovered through use of kinetic proteomics. Finally, I will discuss work that is ongoing to improve my software tool for use in human subjects, and work being done to combine kinetic proteomics with other global analysis methods to make novel …

Synthetic Analogues Of The Snail Toxin 6-Bromo-2-Mercaptotryptamine Dimer (Brmt) Reveal That Lipid Bilayer Perturbation Does Not Underlie Its Modulation Of Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels, Chris Dockendorff, Disha M. Gandhi, Ian H. Kimball, Kenneth S. Eum, Radda Rusinova, Helgi I. Ingolfsson, Ruchi Kapoor, Thasin Peyear, Matthew W. Dodge, Stephen F. Martin, Richard W. Aldrich, Olaf S. Andersen, Jon T. Sack

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Drugs do not act solely by canonical ligand–receptor binding interactions. Amphiphilic drugs partition into membranes, thereby perturbing bulk lipid bilayer properties and possibly altering the function of membrane proteins. Distinguishing membrane perturbation from more direct protein–ligand interactions is an ongoing challenge in chemical biology. Herein, we present one strategy for doing so, using dimeric 6-bromo-2-mercaptotryptamine (BrMT) and synthetic analogues. BrMT is a chemically unstable marine snail toxin that has unique effects on voltage-gated K⁺ channel proteins, making it an attractive medicinal chemistry lead. BrMT is amphiphilic and perturbs lipid bilayers, raising the question of whether its action against K …

Insight Into Solvent Coordination Of An Iron Porphyrin Hydroxylamine Complex From Spectroscopy And Dft Calculations, Md. Hafizur Rahman, Michael D. Ryan

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The reduction of Fe(OEP)(NO) in the presence of substituted phenols leads to a three‐electron reduction to form Fe(OEP)(NH₂OH), which has been characterized by visible spectroscopy and electron stoichiometry. In this work, we have further characterized this species using infrared and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, along with DFT calculations. The infrared bands in the 3400–3600 cm^–1 region, due to hydroxylamine, were significantly downshifted to the 2500–2700 cm^–1 region when 4‐[D₁]chlorophenol replaced the normal abundance acid. Using ¹H NMR spectroscopy, the hydroxylamine and the meso‐protons were identified. From DFT calculations, the ¹H NMR …

Elucidation Of The Toxicity Of Anthropogenic Nanoparticles In Environments Containing Heavy Metals, Chartanay Bonner

Dissertations

The design, synthesis, and applications of anthropogenic nanoparticles continue to rise as technologies utilizing the unique chemical and physical properties of materials with nanoscale dimensions emerge. Engineered silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) possess antimicrobial properties toward several strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The manufacturing and use of Ag NPs have led to their increased presence in the environment as pollutants. The interaction of Ag NPs with other pollutants influence their surface properties, aggregation state, stability and consequently, their toxic response toward microbial pathogens. In the present study, we examined the interaction of heavy metal ions (Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, and …

Spectroscopic And Crystallographic Characterization Of Enantiopure Planar Chiral N-Oxazolidinoyl Diene Iron (O) Tricarbonyl Complexes For Use In Diastereoselective Synthesis, Nathan W. Dow , '18

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

Iron(D) tricarbonyl-diene complexes have emerged from the field of organometallics as motifs of particular importance due to their robust synthetic applications. As a result of their planar chiral configurations, these removable iron units have been effectively used as diene protecting groups, stereodirecting groups and dienyl cation stabilizers to facilitate the total synthesis of architecturally complex structures, such as pharmaceutically-relevant natural products. However, to further optimize ironeD) tricarbonyl utilization in diastereoselective synthesis, methods must be developed to direct iron-diene complexation reactions in a facially selective manner and to characterize these optical outcomes. Additionally, the established number of reactions tolerant to ironeD) …

Investigations Of The Putative Ai-2 Receptor Protein Lsrb From Thermobacillus Composti And Truncations Of The Salmonella Enterica Ser. Typhimurium Lsre Protein, Nicholas E. Petty , '18

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

Bacteria were believed to exist as solitary, unicellular organisms until about 50 years ago with the discovery of quorum sensing by John Woodland Hastings. Since then, numerous studies have examined the broad reaching functions controlled by bacterial quorum sensing, including biofilm formation and virulence. Work done by the Bassler laboratory proposed a "universal" quorum sensing pathway that uses a novel signal molecule, autoinducer-2 (AI-2), for intraspecies and interspecies communication. This quorum sensing pathway uses proteins encoded by the lsr operon to uptake and process the AI-2 signaling molecule. This work examines two of these proteins, LsrE and LsrB. LsrE, a …

Conformation And Directionality Of The Influenza A M2 Protein Domain Essential To Viral Replication, Hayley E. Raymond , '18

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

Influenza A causes seasonal epidemics, and the possibility of another worldwide influenza A pandemic remains a public health concern. The influenza A M2 protein is implicated in the virus’s ability to bud and create new infectious virus particles. Specifically, the C-terminal region of the virus is required for viral budding, and this protein domain binds another influenza protein, M1. M2-M1 binding is critical to packaging the viral genome into new virions. To probe the region of M2 involved in viral budding and genome packing, this thesis studied the conformation of residues 60-70 of the C-terminus via site-directed spin label electron …

Investigating Noncanonical Dna Structures As Anti-Cancer Drug Targets, Barrett M. Powell , '18

Senior Theses, Projects, and Awards

This work focuses on the structure and interactions with ligands of noncanonical DNA structures. These noncanonical structures include guanine quadruplexes (GQs), as well as a novel type of quadruple helix. Sequences capable of forming these structures are overrepresented at telomeres and replication perturbed loci, respectively. Better understanding of these structures and ligand interactions will provide an improved platform upon which mechanistic understanding and therapeutic treatments can be designed. Our discussion begins with the development and biophysical characterization of a model for the smallest stable structure formed by the repeat sequence d(CAGAGG)ₙ. This sequence was one of many short purine rich …

Mxin Differentially Regulates Monomeric And Oligomeric Species Of The Shigella Type Three Secretion System Atpase Spa47, Heather B. Case, Nicholas E. Dickenson

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Shigella rely entirely on the action of a single type three secretion system (T3SS) to support cellular invasion of colonic epithelial cells and to circumvent host immune responses. The ATPase Spa47 resides at the base of the Shigella needle-like type three secretion apparatus (T3SA), supporting protein secretion through the apparatus and providing a likely means for native virulence regulation by Shigella and a much needed target for non-antibiotic therapeutics to treat Shigella infections. Here, we show that MxiN is a differential regulator of Spa47 and that its regulatory impact is determined by the oligomeric state of the Spa47 ATPase, with …

Progress Toward Synthetically Simplified Natural Anticancer Peptide, David W. Kastner, Steven L. Castle

Library/Life Sciences Undergraduate Poster Competition 2018

Yaku’amide A was isolated in late 2010 from the deep-sea sponge Ceratopsion sp. and exhibits potent inhibitory activity against 39 human cancer cell lines via a potentially novel mode of action. However, the total synthesis requires many steps and produces low yields. In this study, we determined two simpler YA analogues that may retain its anticancer properties and can be synthesized in larger quantities. The analogues replace dehydroisoleucine with either dehydroethylnorvaline or dehydrovaline.

14-3-3zeta Role In Promoting Survival Of Cells To Facilitate Progression Of Cancer, Katie Pennington, Eranga Roshan, Joshua Andersen, Katherine K. Mccormack

Student Works

The regulatory protein 14-3-3z promotes cellular growth and survival, and high expression levels of 14-3-3z are associated with mortality in multiple cancer types. 14-3-3z binds cellular proteins in a phosphorylation-dependent manner to modulate their functions. We have been characterizing the interactome of 14-3-3z which will likely lead to candidates for novel therapies for chemoresistant cancers. Tumor cells must be able to survive in a variety of stresses within the tumor microenvironment, including hypoxia, which occurs when tumors lack adequate blood supply. Previous data from our lab suggested that 14-3-3z promotes the adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxic stress. Our hypothesis …

A Polyamide Inhibits Replication Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus By Targeting Rna In The Nucleocapsid, Ryan H. Gumpper, Weike Li, Carlos H. Castañeda, M José Scuderi, James K. Bashkin, Ming Luo

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

Polyamides have been shown to bind double-stranded DNA by complementing the curvature of the minor groove and forming various hydrogen bonds with DNA. Several polyamide molecules have been found to have potent antiviral activities against papillomavirus, a double-stranded DNA virus. By analogy, we reason that polyamides may also interact with the structured RNA bound in the nucleocapsid of a negative-strand RNA virus. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was selected as a prototype virus to test this possibility since its genomic RNA encapsidated in the nucleocapsid forms a structure resembling one strand of an A-form RNA duplex. One polyamide molecule, UMSL1011, was …

Higher Energy Gap Control Of Fluorescence In Conjugated Polymers, Chien-Hung Chiang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Chemo- and biosensors based on fluorescent conjugated polymer benefit from greater detection sensitivity due to amplification of the electronic perturbations produced by analyte binding. This amplification stems from the exciton-transporting properties of conjugated polymers. A conventional design paradigm relies on the analyte binding events which generate sites of lower energy relative to the polymer energy: either fluorescence quenching sites (turn-off sensors) or bathochromically shifted fluorophores (turn-on sensors). In both type sensors, the excitons migrate to the lower-energy site created by analyte binding.

This dissertation primarily focused the investigation of an alternative paradigm when analyte binding creates higher energy gap sites …

Synthesis And Catalytic Activity Of (3,4-Diphenylcyclopentadienone)Iron Tricarbonyl Compounds In Transfer Hydrogenations And Dehydrogenations, Timothy W. Funk, Andrew R. Mahoney, Rebecca A. Sponenburg, Kathryn P. Zimmerman, Daniel K. Kim, Emily E. Harrison

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Four (3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone)iron tricarbonyl compounds were synthesized, and their activities in transfer hydrogenations of carbonyl compounds and transfer dehydrogenations of alcohols were explored and compared to those of the well-established [2,5-(SiMe3)2-3,4-(CH2)4(η4-C4C═O)]Fe(CO)3 (3). A new compound, [2,5-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone]iron tricarbonyl (7), was the most active catalyst in both transfer hydrogenations and dehydrogenations, and compound 3 was the least active catalyst in transfer hydrogenations. Evidence was found for product inhibition of both 3 and 7 in a transfer dehydrogenation reaction, with the activity of 3 being more heavily affected. A monomeric iron hydride derived from 7 was spectroscopically observed during a …