Chemistry Commons^™

Chalcogen Impact On Covalency Within Molecular [Cu3(Μ3-E)]3+ Clusters (E = O, S, Se): A Synthetic, Spectroscopic, And Computational Study, B. J. Cook, G. N. Di Francesco, R. B. Ferreira, J. T. Lukens, K. E. Silberstein, B. C. Keegan, V. J. Catalano, K. M. Lancaster, Jason M. Shearer, L. J. Murray

Chemistry Faculty Research

Reaction of the tricopper(I)-dinitrogen tris(β-diketiminate) cyclophane, Cu₃(N₂)L, with O-atom-transfer reagents or elemental Se affords the oxido-bridged tricopper complex Cu₃(μ₃-O)L (2) or the corresponding Cu₃(μ₃-Se)L (4), respectively. For 2 and 4, incorporation of the bridging chalcogen donor was supported by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data. Cu L_2,3-edge X-ray absorption data quantify 49.5% Cu 3d character in the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of 2, with Cu 3d participation decreasing to 33.0% in 4 and 40.8% in the related sulfide cluster Cu_{3 …}

Integrating Microscale Enzyme And Lectin Reactions Using Nanogel Assisted Capillary Electrophoresis, Srikanth Gattu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Protein glycosylation is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications which plays an important role in determining the structure, stability, and function of proteins. Changes in glycosylation patterns are a hallmark of cancer and other diseases. Characterizing glycosylation is difficult because these structures vary in their linkage and monomer sequence, which gives rise to vast microheterogenity that could affect the function of the molecule. A novel method using capillary gel electrophoresis by integrating microscale enzymes and lectin reactions in the capillary was developed to verify glycan structure by analyzing monosaccharides. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) improves upon conventional methods of glycan structure …

Syntheses Of Azepinoindole Alkaloids Cimitrypazepine, Fargesine And Hyrtioreticulins C & D, Ganesh Ghimire

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Watanabe-Cenini-Söderberg reductive N-heterocyclization has emerged as a powerful tool for the synthesis of a variety of functionalized indoles. Söderberg’s elaboration of this methodology has been utilized as a late-stage cyclization protocol for the synthesis of azepinoindole alkaloids, a class of natural products characterized by an azepane skeleton fused with an indole ring. Short syntheses of the naturally occurring azepino[5,4,3-cd]indole alkaloids, cimitrypazepine, fargesine, and the diastereomeric hyrtioreticulins C & D have been completed starting from commercially available tetra-substituted benzene derivatives. The key azepinoindole core in each case was assembled via an intramolecular Mizoroki-Heck reaction followed by a …

Development And Characterization Of A Paper Based Analytical Device For Heparin Quantification, Carolanne Norris

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Paper-based analytical devices (PAD) have gained popularity in the past ten to fifteen years due to many favorable mechanical properties.1 They have largely been used to analyze small ionic species, such as Na+ and Li+, but little research has been done on their capability of to analyze large polyionic species, for instance the highly sulfonated polysaccharide heparin.2,3 This study explores adaptation of a traditional optode design to a low cost PAD that employs a smartphone as a detector. Throughout the study variables, such as membrane composition, pH, volume of solution, time, addition of a polymer, use of different cell phone …

Significance Of A Non-Thermal Plasma Treatment On Ldpe Biodegradation With Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Laurence Scally, Miroslav Gulan, Lars Weigang, Vladimir Milosavljević, Patrick J. Cullen

Articles

The use of plastics has spanned across almost all aspects of day to day life. Although their uses are invaluable, they contribute to the generation of a lot of waste products that end up in the environment and end up polluting natural habitats such as forests and the ocean. By treating low-density polyethylene (LDPE) samples with non-thermal plasma in ambient air and with an addition of ≈4% CO2, the biodegradation of the samples can be increased due to an increase in oxidative species causing better cell adhesion and acceptance on the polymer sample surface. It was, however, found that the …

Making Esters Lab, Haley Watts

A with Honors Projects

Alcohols and carboxyl groups are attached to form esters. Esters are functional groups with an oxygen double bonded to a carbon as well as another oxygen attached to the same carbon. When you mix an alcohol and carboxyl group like I did in this experiment, your product is an ester and water. My goal was to make a recognizable scent by mixing an alcohol and an acid.

Nuclear Chemistry Lab: Creating A Cloud Chamger To Detect Background Radiation, Tori R. Witruck

A with Honors Projects

This write-up for a chemistry lab at Parkland College details the student's experiences using a cloud chamber kit, a tool used to visualize detection of ionizing radiation. The write-up proposes a design for a larger scale cloud chamber to allow for a more accurate representation.

Synthesis And Cytotoxicity Evaluation Of [(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)Methyl]-5-Aryl-1,3,4-Oxadiazole/4$H$-1,2,4-Triazole Analogues, Mohamed Jawed Ahsan

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

We report herein the synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluations of some newer oxadiazole and triazole analogues (5a-j). The cytotoxicity of all the title compounds were evaluated as per the National Cancer Institute protocol in a one-dose assay (10 $\mu $M) on nine different panels of 59 cancer cell lines. 2-$\{$5-[(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)methyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl$\}$phenol (5e) showed the maximum cytotoxicity among the series of ten compounds. The cytotoxicity of 5e was comparable to that of the standard anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil, and better than that of imatinib. The structure activity relationship was also discussed.

Characterization Of Fragrant Chemical Components Of Essential Oils Of Lavender, Violet, And Bergamot By Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Akeem Babalola Opakunle

Chemistry Theses

The characterization of fragrant chemical composition of commercial samples of lavender, violet and bergamot essential oil were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The analysis led to the characterization of a total of 28 compounds for lavender oil, 17 compounds for violet oil, and 11 compounds for bergamot oil. The commercial sample of lavender essential oil has shown to be abundant in linalool, (21.40%), linalyl acetate (18.96%), trans-β- ocimene (7.41%), endo-borneol (6.53%), β-ocimene (6.43%), geranyl acetate (6.15%), β-myrcene (5.88%), terpinen-4-ol (5.70%) and cis-β-farnesene (4.40%). For commercial sample of violet essential oil, the major components in abundant were α-longipinene (37.35%), …

Evaluation Of The Influence Of Wording Changes And Course Type On Motivation Instrument Functioning In Chemistry, Regis Komperda, Kathryn N. Hosbein, Jack Barbera

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Increased understanding of the importance of the affective domain in chemistry education research has led to the development and adaptation of instruments to measure chemistry-specific affective traits, including motivation. Many of these instruments are adapted from other fields by using the word ‘chemistry’ in place of other disciplines or more general ‘science’ wording. Psychometric evidence is then provided for the functioning of the new adapted instrument. When an instrument is adapted from general language to specific (e.g. replacing ‘science’ with ‘chemistry’), an opportunity exists to compare the functioning of the original instrument in the same context as the adapted instrument. …

Block-Copolymer Assisted Fabrication Of Anisotropic Plasmonic Nanostructures, Calbi J. Gunder

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The anisotropic nanostructures of noble metals are of great interest for plasmonic applications due to the possibility of tuning the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) across the UV-VIS-NIR without sacrificing the linewidth as well as to achieve larger local field enhancement. Here, we report a simple and promising fabrication method of anisotropic gold nanostructures film using polystyrene-b-2vinylpyridine (PS-b-P2VP) block copolymers (BCP) as a template. In this approach, PS-b-P2VP spherical micelles were first synthesized as a template followed by selective deposition of Au precursor inside P2VP core of the micelles using ethanol solution of Au salt. Subsequently, heat treatment of the …

A Comparison Of On-Line And Off-Line Bioaerosol Measurements At A Biowaste Site, Patrick Feeney, Santiago Fernández Rodríguez, Rafael Molina, Eoin Mcgillicuddy, Stig Hellebust, Michael Quirke, Shane Daly, David O'Connor, John Sodeau

Articles

An air measurement campaign was carried out at a green-waste composting site in the South of Ireland during Spring 2016. The aim was to quantify and identify the levels of Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP) that were present using the traditional off-line, impaction/optical microscopy method alongside an on-line, spectroscopic approach termed WIBS (Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor), which can provide number concentrations, sizes and “shapes” of airborne PBAP in real-time by use of Light Induced Fluorescence (LIF). The results from the two techniques were compared in order to validate the use of the spectroscopic method for determining the releases of the …

Environmental Impact Assessment Of Pinaceae Airborne Pollen And Green Infrastructure Using Bim, Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez, Juan Pedro Cortés-Pérez, Paloma Prieto Muriel, Rafael Tormo-Molina, J. M. Maya-Manzano

Articles

Urban air quality is a parameter that plays a major role in human health at the local scale. Consequently, in urban planning, the behavior and potential risk of allergenicity for some pollen grains coming from ornamental trees and green spaces surrounding newly built buildings, should be considered. This paper aims to study how pollen exposure, influenced by weather parameters, can be assessed and integrated in the designing and building of constructions as other component of air quality assessment beforehand, by using BIM. Based on a comparative aerobiological study at the height over a building (sampled by two traps at ground …

Robust, Bridge-Less Ion-Selective Electrodes With Significantly Reduced Need For Pre- And Post-Application Handling, Benjamin Schazmann, S. Demey, Z. Waqar Ali, M-S Plissart, E. Brennan, A. Radu

Articles

We are demonstrating robust, single-layer ion-selective electrode (ISE) utilizing simple Ag/AgCl electrode as solid support without the need for intermediate polymer layer. We have created and chemically linked a family of imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) using click chemistry, resulting in hybrid materials with tunable characteristics. The resultant material inherently contains chloride ion thus offering the ability to stabilize interfacial potential. This allowed us to construct very simple, single-layer membranes with significantly reduced need for conditioning as an added bonus compared to traditional sensors. Chemical immobilization of ISE membrane components also led to extended lifetime as …

Iron Transport Machinery: A Potential Therapeutic Target In Escherichia Coli, Clorissa L. Washington – Hughes

Theses and Dissertations

Iron metabolism is an integral part of life for most organisms. Despite its essentiality, iron can also become toxic. There are many aspects to maintaining iron balance within the cell. The aim of this work is to provide insight into the function of several components involved in bacterial iron homeostasis. This work is significant for the development of novel antibiotics for treating resistant or pathogenic bacteria. Herein, it is shown that nickel can disrupt normal bacterial iron metabolism and that bacterial resistance can be affected by expression of iron acquisition genes. Once iron is obtained by the cell, it can …

Block Copolymer Control Of Nanoscale Porous Materials, Amrita Sarkar

Theses and Dissertations

The controlled fabrications of porous materials are crucial for a wide variety of uses spanning the gamut from energy applications to filtration. Despite decades of developments based upon block copolymer self-assembly there remain numerous limitations to achieve simple ends such as fully-tunable nanomaterials or well-defined macroscopic forms. For example, fundamental studies of nanostructure-performance relationships need systematic series of nanomaterials to identify the separate effects of wall and pore dimensions. Such precision control is impossible under the constraints of equilibrating systems. Persistent Micelle Templating (PMT) is rather based on kinetic control and enables robust and independent tuning of each feature. However, …

Hydrothermal Synthesis: A Gateway To Metastable Crystals With Unusual Properties, Justin B. Felder

Theses and Dissertations

Research into crystalline matter has long been of interest to humanity, both in order to advance our society by creating new technologically useful materials and in order to better understand to nature of the properties we depend on for so much of our existing technology. In recent decades, solution-based crystal growth syntheses including hydrothermal and molten flux techniques have risen to the forefront of solid-state chemistry as superior methods of synthesizing new materials as single crystals ripe for structure determination and property measurements.

This work seeks to educate readers on recent advances in the hydrothermal realm of crystal growth: namely …

Syntheses And Characterizations Of Cyclotriphosphazenes Containing A 4-Oxy-1-Naphthaldehyde Group, Hani̇fe İbi̇şoğlu, Esra Tanriverdi̇ Eçi̇k, Gönül Yeni̇lmez Çi̇ftçi̇

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The nucleophilic substitution reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (N$_{3}$P$_{3}$Cl$_{6}$, trimer) (1) with 4-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde (2) has been investigated for the first time. 4$^{{\prime}} $-Oxy-1$^{{\prime}} $-naphthaldehyde substituted mono- (3), bis- (4), and tris- (5) cyclotriphosphazenes were obtained from the nucleophilic substitution of compound 1 with 2 in a 1:2 molar ratio in the presence of Cs$_{2}$CO$_{3}$ in acetone at reflux. The pentakis-(6) and hexakis-substituted (7) cyclotriphosphazenes were prepared from the reaction of 1 with 2 in a 1:7 molar ratio using K$_{2}$CO$_{3}$ as a proton abstractor in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The structures of the new compounds (3-7) were determined by elemental analysis, FT-IR, …

New Triplet Silylenes M-Si-M$'$--X Along With Some Unusual Cyclic Forms (M = Li, Na, And K; M$'$ = Be, Mg, And Ca; X = F, Cl, And Br), Samaneh Ashenagar, Mohamad Zaman Kassaee

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Comparison of 54 M-Si--M$'$-X species is carried out using quantum mechanical ab initio and DFT computations at B3LYP/6-311$++$G**, QCISD(T)/6-311$++$G**, and CCSD(T)/6-311$++$G** levels of theory (M = Li, Na, K; M$'$ = Be, Mg, Ca, and X = F, Cl, Br). All triplet species with M = K appear more linear than their corresponding ones with Li and Na. The electronegativity reactivity descriptor for each halogen (X = F, Cl, Br) is used as a tool to evaluate the interrelated properties of these silylenes. Stability, assumed as singlet-triplet energy difference ($\Delta E_{S-T})$ for each series depends on the substituent's electropositivity, analyzed …

Castor Oil And Peg-Based Shape Memory Polyurethane Films: Effect Of Chain Extender Amount On Some Polymer Properties And Performance, Ece Gi̇zem Çakmak, Di̇lek Dalgakiran, Fatma Seni̇ha Güner

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A series of polyurethane (PU) films were synthesized via one-shot bulk polymerization with polyethylene glycol, castor oil, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and 1,4-butanediol (BD) at three different chain extender ratios. Since it was found in our previous study that hard segment content is more effective on shape memory property than soft segment length (Bonfil, M., Sirkecioglu, A., Bingol-Ozakpinar, O., Uras, F., Güner, F. S. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 1-12), in this study the effects of BD amount on some physical properties, thermal properties, and shape memory performance of the films were investigated. Shape fixity and shape recovery were achieved under …

Synergetic Effect Of Mn, Ce, Ba, And B Modification And Moderate Desilication Of Nanostructured Hzsm-5 Catalyst On Conversion Of Methanol To Propylene, Fatemeh Yahyazadeh Saravi, Majid Taghizadeh

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Modified mesoporous HZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by controlled desilication using a mixture of NaOH and TPAOH (tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) and impregnation of metals (Mn, Ce, and Ba) and metalloid B. The catalytic performances of all prepared catalysts for methanol to propylene (MTP) reaction were evaluated in a fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure at 480 \textdegree C. The parent and modified catalysts were characterized by XRD, ICP-OES, FE-SEM, NH$_{3}$-TPD, FT-IR, BET, and TGA techniques. The catalyst loaded with 2 wt.% manganese on desilicated HZSM-5 demonstrated the best catalytic performance in terms of the highest selectivity of C$_{2}^{=}$ to C$_{4}^{=}$ olefins (about …

Protein Ion-Exchange Chromatography On A Biomacromolecule-Immobilized Monolithic Cryogel, Ahmet Eren Özkan, Idris Guven, Orhan Gezici

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

An efficient and inexpensive monolithic stationary phase (PHEMA-HA) has been prepared through an easy process comprising addition of humic acid (HA) to a mixture of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAAm) and subsequent radical-polymerization at -20 $^{\circ}$C. The prepared monolithic material was characterized in terms of various techniques and methods such as elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry, hydrolytic stability tests, pH$_{pzc}$ measurements, water-holding capacity, and water permeability. The amount of HA incorporated into the structure was calculated as 45 mg/g from the elemental analysis results. The study was conceptualized on the basis of protein ion-exchange chromatography, …

Electrochemical Polymerization Of A New Alkoxy-Bridged Dithieno (3,2-B:2',3'-D) Pyrrole Derivative, Ari̇f Kivrak, Hüseyi̇n Beki̇r Yildiz, Selahatti̇n Gökyer, Buket Çarbaş

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A novel alkoxy-bridged dithieno (3, 2-B:2',3'-D) pyrrole (DTP) derivative was synthesized and its corresponding polymer poly(1,2-bis(2-(4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]pyrrol-4-yl)ethoxy)ethane) (P(DTP-alkoxy-DTP)) was successfully obtained electrochemically. The effects of alkoxy bridge in the structure on the electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of the polymer were also investigated in detail. The results showed that the polymer film exhibits multielectrochromic behavior and a low band gap of 1.82 eV.

Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Novel Chalcones Bearing Morpholine Moiety As Antiproliferative Agents, Bedri̇ye Seda Kurşun Aktar, Emi̇ne Elçi̇n Oruç-Emre, İbrahi̇m Demi̇rtaş, Ayşe Şahi̇n Yağlioğlu, Ayşegül Karaküçük İyi̇doğan, Çağlar Güler, Şevki̇ Adem

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this research, a new series of ($E)$-3-(4-substitutedphenyl)-1-(4'-morpholinophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives 1-7 was synthesized, aiming to develop effective antiproliferative agents. The antiproliferative activities of compounds 1-7 were examined against HeLa and C6 cell lines at eight different concentrations using the BrdU ELISA assay. The activity results were compared with reference anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Compound 1 had almost the same antiproliferative activity as 5-FU. Compounds 1-7 were found to have greater effects against the C6 cell line than the HeLa cell line. These compounds were also tested in order to determine their effects on enzyme activities. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited strong …

One-Pot Enol Silane Formation-Alkylation Of Ketones With Propargyl Carboxylates Promoted By Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate, C. Wade Downey, Danielle N. Confair, Yiqi Liu, Elizabeth D. Heafner

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Ketones readily undergo conversion to enol silanes in the presence of trialkylamine base and trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) and add to propargyl cations to yield b-alkynyl ketones. The propargyl cations are generated in the same reaction flask through the TMSOTf-promoted ionization of propargyl acetates or propargyl propionates. A range of enol silane precursors and propargyl carboxylates reacts efficiently (20 examples, up to 99% yield). Cyclization of a representative product in the presence of TMSOTf provided 61% yield of the trisubstituted furan.

Electrochemical Methods To Study Real-Time In Vivo Neurochemistry, Aya Abdalla

Theses and Dissertations

Serotonin neurotransmission has multiple facets that are challenging to characterize, due to the lack of analytical tools that can measure serotonin in the brain. In addition, the mechanisms of serotonin modulation by other neurotransmitters, such as histamine, are not well understood. These limitations make the study and treatment of disorders in which serotonin is implicated problematic. This dissertation presents novel electrochemical methods, in addition to the well-established serotonin fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV), to better understand the dynamics of serotonin and histamine neurotransmission in vivo. In Chapter 1, a method, known as fast-scan controlled adsorption voltammetry, was optimized to selectively and …

Hybrid Organic Molecules As Antiinammatory Agents; A Review Of Structuralfeatures And Biological Activity, Noor Ul Amin Mohsin, Matloob Ahmad

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Nonsteroidal antiin ammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the treatment of pain and in ammation. Some undesirable effects are linked with NSAIDs such as the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) toxicity and cardiovascular disturbances. At present the preparation of a hybrid molecular technique is being used to produce new analgesic and antiin ammatory molecules. Attachment of NSAIDs with nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide releasing molecules produced some gastroprotective agents with improved analgesic and antiinflammatory activities. Combination of NSAIDs with different biologically active 5-membered, 6-membered, and condensed heterocyclic rings has also led to the formation of some potent molecules. Some of these …

Biological Study On Novel Coumarinyl 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles, Maja Molnar, Ana Amic, Valentina Pavic, Tihomir Kovac, Marija Kovac, Elizabeta Has-Schön

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Coumarinyl 1,3,4-oxadiazoles were synthesized from Schiff bases and acetic anhydride. All compounds were characterized by melting points and their structures confirmed by mass and $^{1}$H and $^{13}$C NMR spectrometry. These novel coumarinyl derivatives were subjected to antibacterial, antifungal, anta atoxigenic, and antioxidant activity. Their activity varied depending on their structure, where 2-(3-acetyl-5-(((4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)methyl)- 2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,4-phenylene diacetate showed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity on B. subtilis. 4-(3-Acetyl-5-(((4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)methyl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-1,2-phenylene diacetate was found to possess excellent antifungal and antia atoxigenic activity.

The Synthesis Of New Oxindoles As Analogs Of Natural Product 3,3$^\Prime $-Bis(Indolyl)Oxindole And In Vitro Evaluation Of The Enzyme Activity Of G6pd And 6pgd, Si̇nan Bayindir, Adnan Ayna, Yusuf Temel, Mehmet Çi̇ftci̇

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Natural and synthetic derivatives that contain an indole core are being used in medical treatments and technological processes. Therefore, the development of new synthetic methods for the synthesis of indole derivatives is very popular. In this study, new oxindoles with reaction of 4,7-dihydro-1$H$-indole (2) and isatin (4) were synthesized as analogs of natural product 3,3$^\prime $-bis(indolyl)oxindole. The biological properties of the compounds obtained during this study were also studied, showing that compounds 5, 7, and 12 inhibited the activity of G6PD with an IC$_{50}$ of 99 $\mu $M, 231 $\mu $M, and 304 $\mu $M respectively. The activity of rat …

Recent Advances In Organ-On-A-Chip Technologies And Future Challenges: A Review, Hüseyi̇n Avci, Fatma Doğan Güzel, Sali̇m Erol, Ali̇ Akpek

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The significant development in the construction of microscale cell culture platforms and the interest in bioanalytical analysis have recently resulted in the emergence of a new concept of `organ-on-a-chip' systems. Organ-on-a-chip is a new three-dimensional (3D) in vitro microfabricated unit that contains a multichannel microfluidic cell culture. Even if many informative and useful data are obtained from animal models and in vitro assays, they are still limited for extrapolation to human systems during drug design and development. Only about 1 out of 10,000 compounds is processed in clinical trials for final approval. As being the first example of its kind, …