Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Chemistry Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2014

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 751 - 780 of 1401

Full-Text Articles in Chemistry

Synthesis Of A Potential Photoaffinity Labeling Agent, 4-Nitr0-3- Trinuoromethylbenzyl Phenyl Sulfide, Christina Johnson, Dr. Steve Fleming Feb 2014

Synthesis Of A Potential Photoaffinity Labeling Agent, 4-Nitr0-3- Trinuoromethylbenzyl Phenyl Sulfide, Christina Johnson, Dr. Steve Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Photoaffinity labeling is a useful methodology for determining the active site of a given enzyme. It is also a very important tool in discovering what roles different enzymes play in the human body. Our research group has been involved in a continuous effort to develop new and more effective photoaffinity labeling reagents. I A photoaffinity labeling model compound currently under investigation is the target molecule 4-nitro-3-trifluoromethylbenzyl phenyl sulfide.

Go to article

The Spectroscopy Of Divinvltelluride, Brent A. Horn, S. R. Goates Feb 2014

The Spectroscopy Of Divinvltelluride, Brent A. Horn, S. R. Goates

Journal of Undergraduate Research

0rgano-tellurides are industrially important compounds. One of these compounds which has been studied at BYU is divinyltelluride (DVT). Dr. Noel Owen and colleagues from the Department of Chemistry have done extensive studies on the stable molecular conformations of DVT using quantum mechanical calculations and matrix-isolation FT-IR. Our goal is to learn more about the structure and properties of DVT by probing the electronic energy levels of the molecule. We wanted to focus on obtaining laser-induced fluorescence from supersonic jet expansion of DVT molecules. Molecular beams are excellent for doing laser fluorescence experiments because many of the line broadening mechanisms that …

Go to article

Identification Of Tetrapeptides From A Mixture Based Positional Scanning Library That Can Restore Nm Full Agonist Function Of The L106p, I69t, I102s, A219v, C271y, And C271r Human Melanocortin-4 Polymorphic Receptors (Hmc4rs), Erica M. Haslach, Huisuo Huang, Marvin Dirain, Ginamarie Debevec, Phaedra Geer, Radleigh Santos, Marc Giulianotti, Clemencia Pinilla, Jon R. Appel, Skye R. Doering, Michael A. Walters, Richard A. Houghten, Carrie Haskell-Luevano Feb 2014

Identification Of Tetrapeptides From A Mixture Based Positional Scanning Library That Can Restore Nm Full Agonist Function Of The L106p, I69t, I102s, A219v, C271y, And C271r Human Melanocortin-4 Polymorphic Receptors (Hmc4rs), Erica M. Haslach, Huisuo Huang, Marvin Dirain, Ginamarie Debevec, Phaedra Geer, Radleigh Santos, Marc Giulianotti, Clemencia Pinilla, Jon R. Appel, Skye R. Doering, Michael A. Walters, Richard A. Houghten, Carrie Haskell-Luevano

Mathematics Faculty Articles

Human obesity has been linked to genetic factors and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) SNPs have been associated with up to 6% frequency in morbidly obese children and adults. A potential therapy for individuals possessing such genetic modifications is the identification of molecules that can restore proper receptor signaling and function. These compounds could serve as personalized medications improving quality of life issues as well as alleviating diseases symptoms associated with obesity including type 2 diabetes. Several hMC4 SNP receptors have been pharmacologically characterized in vitro to have a decreased, or a lack of response, to endogenous agonists …

Go to article

Providing A Second Source Of Negative Charge On A “Molecular Leash”, Eric Nelson Feb 2014

Providing A Second Source Of Negative Charge On A “Molecular Leash”, Eric Nelson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I was awarded the Research and Creative Work Scholarship for the winter semester of 1994 based on my proposal to synthesize a novel organic compound for testing and publication in conjunction with the research group of Dr. Jerald Bradshaw in the Chemistry Department.

Go to article

Ambient Ionization Sources For Mass Spectrometry, Paul Farnsworth Feb 2014

Ambient Ionization Sources For Mass Spectrometry, Paul Farnsworth

Journal of Undergraduate Research

MEG funding directly supported the efforts of three students in my laboratory during the calendar year 2011. A graduate student, Manan Dhunna, received partial support (approximately one-third of his annual stipend) during the year. His role, in addition to carrying out his own research on ambient ionization sources, was to provide continuity and consistent in-lab supervision for the undergraduates during the times that I could not be present in the lab. Two undergraduates were supported by the grant, Jonathan Wright and Kellie Woodfield. These three students were part of a larger group effort to develop advanced ambient ionization sources for …

Go to article

Optimization Of Ecfps For The Production Of Engineered Virus-Like Particles, Dr. Bradley C. Bundy Feb 2014

Optimization Of Ecfps For The Production Of Engineered Virus-Like Particles, Dr. Bradley C. Bundy

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The academic objectives of this grant were met. Each specific aim was completed as described in the proposal and the results were reported in a peer-review journal (listed in section below) and at academic conferences. The results of this work provided preliminary data which helped in applying for and receiving a 2011 National Science Foundation EAGER Award.

Go to article

Design And Development Of An Extended Sheath Flow Nozzle For Supercritical Fluid/Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy, Eric Sevy Feb 2014

Design And Development Of An Extended Sheath Flow Nozzle For Supercritical Fluid/Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy, Eric Sevy

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with supersonic jet spectroscopy has been shown to be an effective analytical technique in the analysis of complex samples. This highly selective technique derives its power from the combination of a powerful separation technique and an discriminating spectroscopic identification technique. Using them in tandem an investigator can analyze complex mixtures for specific compounds. Unfortunately, till now the compounds that could be analyzed were limited in their size, by the requirements necessary to couple the two methods together. The work reported here is the first step to opening up this analysis to larger molecular weight samples.

Go to article

Phosducins: Evidence For The Evolution Of New Proteins Through Gene Duplication, Tim Rand, Dr. Barry Willardson Feb 2014

Phosducins: Evidence For The Evolution Of New Proteins Through Gene Duplication, Tim Rand, Dr. Barry Willardson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The theory of evolution by natural selection is arguably the most important scientific theory ever formulated. Its importance has not been manifest in an “ooh, ah” technological way—it doesn’t empower us to fly airplanes or to illuminate streets at night—but no scientist really thinks technology is the sine qua non of science anyway. The really big theories are the ones that change our thinking, rather than the way we get around or see at night. The theory of evolution changed the way we think about life itself. Interestingly, our acceptance of evolution is based mainly on its elegance. As far …

Go to article

Coalescence Extraction: A Novel Means Of Performing Solvent Extractions, Randall T. Peterson Feb 2014

Coalescence Extraction: A Novel Means Of Performing Solvent Extractions, Randall T. Peterson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Solvent extraction is a widely used method of separation in which a given target substance is extracted from a mixture and transported across a liquid-liquid interface into a separate liquid. Typically, the two immiscible liquids are shaken or stirred vigorously to increase contact between the two liquids. This contact is vital to extraction of the target substance and much time and effort is expended in increasing extraction efficiency through improved contact. We have developed a novel method of solvent extraction which makes possible the extraction of large amounts of the target substance in very little time without shaking or other …

Go to article

Synthesis Of Systematically Varied Nucleosides As A Logical Approach Toward Inhibitor Design For Nucleoside Transport Proteins, Lars P. C. Nielsen, Dr. Morris J. Robins Feb 2014

Synthesis Of Systematically Varied Nucleosides As A Logical Approach Toward Inhibitor Design For Nucleoside Transport Proteins, Lars P. C. Nielsen, Dr. Morris J. Robins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Glucose transporter proteins constitute one class of transmembrane integral proteins that have received much attention in the current chemical literature. Many prominent groups have set out to explore their mechanisms, kinetics, and active sites. Studies have focussed on one of these in particular, Human Glucose Transporter I, the most common and efficient at mediating cellular glucose concentrations. Studies have also proven that certain nucleoside transporters exist, analogous to the sugar proteins, which regulate nucleoside and nucleotide concentrations in cells.

Go to article

An Investigation Of The Influence Of Polar Vs. Polarizable Substituents In Polysiloxane Stationary Phases For Gas Chromatography, Sarah Morgan Feb 2014

An Investigation Of The Influence Of Polar Vs. Polarizable Substituents In Polysiloxane Stationary Phases For Gas Chromatography, Sarah Morgan

Journal of Undergraduate Research

For my creative work and research scholarship project I proposed the synthesis of four polymers for use as stationary phases in gas chromatography. Each polymer would contain a pendant group with a halogen-substituted benzene ring, making use of the four halogen atoms-fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Since these atoms lie along a spectrum of polarity vs. polarizability, I hypothesized that testing the selectivity of the polymers as GC phases would increase our understanding of the roles of these closely related properties in chromatographic separations. I have chosen to submit selected nuclear magnetic resonance spectra as evidence of the success of …

Go to article

Use Of An Intermolecular Tether In [2+2] Photochemical Cycloadditions, Brent Siemssen, Dr. Steve Fleming Feb 2014

Use Of An Intermolecular Tether In [2+2] Photochemical Cycloadditions, Brent Siemssen, Dr. Steve Fleming

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Oxetanocin is a nucleoside that occurs naturally in the bacteria Bacillus megaterium (see figure 1a).1 Oxetanocin and its analogues show antiviral activity but have not yet been introduced in any successful drug treatment. Even so, oxetanocin continues to be a model studied to help understand the action of nucleoside drugs. Oxetanocin is a distinct nucleoside because it has a four-membered ring sugar moiety.

Go to article

Velocity Determination Of Metastable Calcium Ions Using High- Resolution Diode Laser Spectroscopy, Rebecca Vanwagoner, Dr. Paul Farnsworth Feb 2014

Velocity Determination Of Metastable Calcium Ions Using High- Resolution Diode Laser Spectroscopy, Rebecca Vanwagoner, Dr. Paul Farnsworth

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) is a useful tool for trace chemical analysis. However, instrument response to the analyte changes with increasing concentration of other elements in solution. This change in response due to matrix elements lowers the accuracy of ICPMS. Most of the matrix effects occur in the vacuum interface between the plasma torch and the mass spectrometer. My goal in this research project was to map the temperatures and velocities of analyte inside the ICPMS interface and look for changes with changing matrix concentration. Knowing where and how changes occur would point to why matrix effects happen …

Go to article

A Novel Human Angiotensin Ii Type 1 Receptor Isoform Elicits An Exaggerated Angiotensin Ii-Induced Response, Terry S. Elton, Dr. James W. Ogilvie Jr. Feb 2014

A Novel Human Angiotensin Ii Type 1 Receptor Isoform Elicits An Exaggerated Angiotensin Ii-Induced Response, Terry S. Elton, Dr. James W. Ogilvie Jr.

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Hypertension (i.e., high blood pressure) is a significant health problem affecting more than 15% of the population contributing to the increased incidence of heart failure, kidney failure and stroke. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in salt and water homeostasis and the maintenance of vascular tone. This balance is achieved through the actions of the hormone, angiotensin II (Ang II), the biologically active component of the RAS, with its membrane-bound receptors. These receptors, designated as type 1 and type 2 (AT1R and AT2R), bind Ang II with equal affinity. The AT1R, however, which is localized in numerous tissues …

Go to article

Report Of Progression On The Synthesis Of A Conformational Amphiphile For Nondestructive Diffusion Through Membrane Bilayers, Paul B. Savage, Dr. David B. Mcmullin Feb 2014

Report Of Progression On The Synthesis Of A Conformational Amphiphile For Nondestructive Diffusion Through Membrane Bilayers, Paul B. Savage, Dr. David B. Mcmullin

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The stability of all cellular life in the presence of adverse environmental conditions may be attributed to the function of cellular membranes. Membranes are unique in their ability to act as barriers with selective permeability (1). Such selective permeability allows cells to control and differentiate between the chemical constituents of their intracellular fluid and that of their extracellular environment.

Go to article

Multivariate Analysis Of Elemental Concentrations In Various Lichen Growth Forms, Seth Washburn, Dr. Nolan Mangelson Feb 2014

Multivariate Analysis Of Elemental Concentrations In Various Lichen Growth Forms, Seth Washburn, Dr. Nolan Mangelson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Lichens consist of two organisms that live in a symbiotic relationship. The lichen photobiont, green alga, cyanobacteria, or a combination of both, provides carbohydrates from photosynthesis. While the mycobiont partner, a fungus, accounts for the majority of the lichen mass, and provides shelter and nutrients (St. Clair, 1998). Although lichens come in many different shapes and colors, all lichens are grouped into three main categories, depending on their growth type. Crustose lichens attach very tightly to their rock substrate and often appear as if they were painted on. Foliose lichens have a more leafy appearance and are attached to the …

Go to article

Update On The Reconstruction Of The Cytochrome B Gene Of The Extinct M4mmuthus Columbi, Natalie Mincek Feb 2014

Update On The Reconstruction Of The Cytochrome B Gene Of The Extinct M4mmuthus Columbi, Natalie Mincek

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The intent of this project was to reconstruct the cytochrome B gene from the extinct mammoth Mammuthus columbi. This was to be accomplished through amplification by PCR the fragments of the cytochrome B gene in order to determine their respective sequences, after which these DNA sequences would be combined to reconstruct the entire sequence of the gene.

Go to article

The Separation Of Transition Metals Using Macrocycles Adsorbed On A Reversed Phase Column, Anthony P. Giauque Feb 2014

The Separation Of Transition Metals Using Macrocycles Adsorbed On A Reversed Phase Column, Anthony P. Giauque

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Standard protocol for the analysis of transition metals by conventional chromatographic means calls for the complexation of the transition metal cations prior to their separation. Consequently, this addition of a complexing agent does not allow for conductimetric detection of transition metals due to the high conductivity of the complexing agent in the eluent. It was therefore my intent to develop a system in which the stationary phase would act as the complexing agent and allow the analytes to be detected conductimetrically-the universal means of detection in ion chromatography.

Go to article

The Hydrolytic Interaction Of Phospholipase A2 And Lysolecithin, Brian Baker Feb 2014

The Hydrolytic Interaction Of Phospholipase A2 And Lysolecithin, Brian Baker

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The purpose of my project was to determine whether the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine occurs at the sn-1 or the sn-2 position.

Go to article

Expression, Activity And Inhibition Of Canine Cyclooxygenase, Joel Ellis Wilson, Dr. Dan Simmons Feb 2014

Expression, Activity And Inhibition Of Canine Cyclooxygenase, Joel Ellis Wilson, Dr. Dan Simmons

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) exhibit their effect by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. However, inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 by the administration of NSAIDs to both humans and animals often leads to negative side effects, most commonly gastric toxicity, including ulcers, which may progress to perforation with risk of sepsis. Functional COX-1 and COX-2 are both necessary to maintain the integrity of the gastrointestinal lining. Fueled by the discovery of COX-2 and the elucidation of its biological properties, new NSAIDs have been produced that selectively inhibit only COX-2. This new class of inhibitors effectively reduces pain and inflammation with …

Go to article

Cellulose Acetate/Butyrate As A Support Polymer In Polymer Inclusion Membranes, Arlo Mcginn, Dr. John D. Lamb Feb 2014

Cellulose Acetate/Butyrate As A Support Polymer In Polymer Inclusion Membranes, Arlo Mcginn, Dr. John D. Lamb

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Developing efficient means of making chemical separations of solutions is a problem that has long concerned chemists. This ability to separate a solution into its individual components or selectively remove elements of the solution is helpful in the treatment and refinement of nuclear waste and other applications. Common processes in use today are time-consuming and cumbersome to perform. Because of these problems chemists have been interested in developing new methods and procedures for making chemical separations of solutions.

Go to article

A Partial Asymmetric Synthesis Of The Anti-Tumor Antibiotic Geldanamycin, Bryon Simmons, Dr. Merritt B. Andrus Feb 2014

A Partial Asymmetric Synthesis Of The Anti-Tumor Antibiotic Geldanamycin, Bryon Simmons, Dr. Merritt B. Andrus

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Geldanamycin, a member of the benzoquinoid ansamycin family, was discovered in 1970 by workers at UpJohn laboratories.1 Scientists were eager to characterize and assess the biological activity of this natural product, first isolated from the bacteria species Steptomyces hygroscpius.2 It was soon learned that geldanamycin functioned as an antibiotic. More importantly, this antibiotic was also shown to check the proliferation of malignant cancer cells.3 This observation has fueled significant interest in geldanamycin as a potential antitumor drug.

Go to article

The Flavodoxin Reduced All-Ferrous Fe Protein In Nitrogenase, Tom Lowery Jr., Dr. Gerarld D. Watt Feb 2014

The Flavodoxin Reduced All-Ferrous Fe Protein In Nitrogenase, Tom Lowery Jr., Dr. Gerarld D. Watt

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Nitrogenase, an enzyme system found in a small, diverse group of diazotrophic microorganisms, is responsible for the natural reduction of atmospheric N2 to NH3. Nitrogenase plays a critical role in the earth’s nitrogen cycle and has therefore been a subject of intense study for over thirty five years. Nevertheless, detailed mechanistic explanations of in vivo nitrogenase catalysis remain ambiguous.1

Go to article

Use Of Gold Nanoparticles To Identify Targets Of Membrane-Active Steroid Antibiotics, Katie L. Jensen, Dr. Paul B. Savage Feb 2014

Use Of Gold Nanoparticles To Identify Targets Of Membrane-Active Steroid Antibiotics, Katie L. Jensen, Dr. Paul B. Savage

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Pathogenic bacterial resistance to antibiotics has risen sharply over the past two decades.1 This problem is compounded with Gram-negative bacteria, which, in addition to developing specific resistant mechanisms, also display membrane structures that are impermeable to many hydrophobic antibiotics. Thus, new antibiotics are needed that do not elicit the emergence of resistant organisms, especially against Gram-negative bacteria.

Go to article

G Protein Regulation Of Chaperonins Through Phosducin-Like Protein, Tiffany L. Sabin, Dr. Barry Willardson Feb 2014

G Protein Regulation Of Chaperonins Through Phosducin-Like Protein, Tiffany L. Sabin, Dr. Barry Willardson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

G proteins participate in a myriad of cell signaling processes by shuttling information between cell surface receptors and intracellular effectors(1). The importance of G protein signaling is evidenced by the fact that ~5% of human genes encode G protein-coupled receptors, G protein subunits of effectors. Phosducin-like protein (PhLP) is a widely expressed protein with homology to the retinal photoreceptor protein phosducin(2). Like phosducin, PhLP binds G protein âã subunit complexes(3). Phosducin is believed to inhibit light signaling in photoreceptor cells as a part of the mechanism of light adaptation. Because of its homology to phosducin and its broad expression, PhLP …

Go to article

Chemistry Students Named Collegiate Scholars, Tia Patsavas Feb 2014

Chemistry Students Named Collegiate Scholars, Tia Patsavas

News and Events (Discontinued Series)

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Crucial Positively Charged Residues For Ligand Activation Of The Gpr35 Receptor, Pingwei Zhao, Tom R. Lane, Helen G.L. Gao, Dow P. Hurst, Evangelia Kotsikorou, Long Le, Eugen Brailoiu, Patricia H. Reggio, Mary E. Abood Feb 2014

Crucial Positively Charged Residues For Ligand Activation Of The Gpr35 Receptor, Pingwei Zhao, Tom R. Lane, Helen G.L. Gao, Dow P. Hurst, Evangelia Kotsikorou, Long Le, Eugen Brailoiu, Patricia H. Reggio, Mary E. Abood

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

GPR35 is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the immune, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems in gastric carcinomas and is implicated in heart failure and pain perception. We investigated residues in GPR35 responsible for ligand activation and the receptor structure in the active state. GPR35 contains numerous positively charged amino acids that face into the binding pocket that cluster in two distinct receptor regions, TMH3-4-5-6 and TMH1-2-7. Computer modeling implicated TMH3-4-5-6 for activation by the GPR35 agonists zaprinast and pamoic acid. Mutation results for the TMH1-2-7 region of GPR35 showed no change in ligand efficacies at the K1.32A, R2.65A, R7.33A, and …

Go to article

Catalyst Free, Base Free Microwave Irradiated Synthesis Of Aryl Nitrites From Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates And Bismuth Nitrate, Mohammad Al-Masum, Rebecca L. Welch Feb 2014

Catalyst Free, Base Free Microwave Irradiated Synthesis Of Aryl Nitrites From Potassium Aryltrifluoroborates And Bismuth Nitrate, Mohammad Al-Masum, Rebecca L. Welch

Chemistry Faculty Research

A mixture of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and potassium aryltrifluoroborate in toluene under microwave heating at 120°C for 20min provides an interesting and mild reaction protocol for the synthesis of aryl nitrite. The conversion to aryl nitrites from aryltrifluoroborates without transition metal catalyst and base in high yields is remarkable.

Go to article

Deconstructing A Plant Macromolecular Assembly: Chemical Architecture, Molecular Flexibility, And Mechanical Performance Of Natural And Engineered Potato Suberins, Olga Serra, Subhasish Chatterjee, Merce Figueras, Marisa Molinas, Ruth E. Stark Feb 2014

Deconstructing A Plant Macromolecular Assembly: Chemical Architecture, Molecular Flexibility, And Mechanical Performance Of Natural And Engineered Potato Suberins, Olga Serra, Subhasish Chatterjee, Merce Figueras, Marisa Molinas, Ruth E. Stark

Publications and Research

Periderms present in plant barks are essential protective barriers to water diffusion, mechanical breakdown, and pathogenic invasion. They consist of densely packed layers of dead cells with cell walls that are embedded with suberin. Understanding the interplay of molecular structure, dynamics, and biomechanics in these cell wall-associated insoluble amorphous polymeric assemblies presents substantial investigative challenges. We report solid-state NMR coordinated with FT-IR and tensile strength measurements for periderms from native and wound-healing potatoes and from potatoes with genetically modified suberins. The analyses include the intact suberin aromatic; aliphatic polymer and cell-wall polysaccharides, previously reported soluble depolymerized transmethylation products, and undegraded …

Go to article

On Chip Preconcentration And Labeling Of Protein Biomarkers Using Monolithic Columns, Device Fabrication, Optimization, And Automation, Rui Yang Feb 2014

On Chip Preconcentration And Labeling Of Protein Biomarkers Using Monolithic Columns, Device Fabrication, Optimization, And Automation, Rui Yang

Theses and Dissertations

Detection of disease specific biomarkers is of great importance in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Modern bioanalytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS), have the ability to identify biomarkers, but their cost and scalability are two main drawbacks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is another potential tool, but it works best for proteins, rather than peptide biomarkers. Recently, microfluidics has emerged as a promising technique due to its small fluid volume consumption, rapidness, low fabrication cost, portability and versatility. Therefore, it shows prominent potential in the analysis of disease specific biomarkers. In this thesis, microfluidic systems that integrate …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last