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2013

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Articles 331 - 360 of 1354

Full-Text Articles in Chemistry

Effects Of Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additive On Low Temperature Performance Of Li-Ion Batteries, Feng-Ju Bian, Zhong-Ru Zhang, Yong Yang Aug 2013

Effects Of Fluoroethylene Carbonate Additive On Low Temperature Performance Of Li-Ion Batteries, Feng-Ju Bian, Zhong-Ru Zhang, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The effects of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) on the low temperature performance of lithium ion phosphate full battery are evaluated by different techniques. By addition of 5 wt% FEC into a commercial electrolyte, effective solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film can be formed on the graphite electrodes, the discharge capacity retention at -40 oC was increased from 31.7% to 43.7%, and the discharge voltage plateau of the cell is raised. This is attributed to a reduced charge transfer resistance and a lowered polarization on the graphite electrode by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and reference electrode test.

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Research Progress Of Intermediate Layers In Ti-Based Oxide Anodes, Xiu-Li Song, Hui-Min Yang, Zhen-Hai Liang Aug 2013

Research Progress Of Intermediate Layers In Ti-Based Oxide Anodes, Xiu-Li Song, Hui-Min Yang, Zhen-Hai Liang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Titanium (Ti)-based oxide anodes are excellent anode materials which have been applied widely in electrochemical fields all over the world. Adding intermediate layers in Ti-based oxide anodes can improve the conductivity, lengthen the lifetime and strengthen the stability between Ti base and metal oxides active layers of electrodes. This article reviews the research progress of intermediate layers in Ti-based oxide anodes. At the same time, current problems existed in the field of Ti-based oxide anodes are pointed out and future development trend in oxide electrode with intermediate layers is prospected.

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Advanced Treatment Of Dyeing Wastewater For Reuse By Electrochemical Oxidation, Fei-Xiang Chen, Chu-Yin Yang, Ming-Ming Zhou, Jia-De Wang Aug 2013

Advanced Treatment Of Dyeing Wastewater For Reuse By Electrochemical Oxidation, Fei-Xiang Chen, Chu-Yin Yang, Ming-Ming Zhou, Jia-De Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

In response to the characteristics of dye wastewater, the electrochemical oxidation of effluents from the biochemical process of dyeing wastewater was studied in the electrochemical reactor using PbO2/Ti electrode as the anode and stainless steel plate as the cathode. The results revealed that the electrochemical oxidation could simultaneously remove the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia and chromaticity. At the residence time of 60 min and current density of 10 mA·cm-2, the COD, ammonia, chromaticity, concentration of chloride ion and pH values could meet the water standards for “the reuse of urban recycling water-water quality standard for …

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Voltage Reversal Behavior In Microbial-Anode Fuel Cells, En-Ren Zhang, Jun-Le Niu, Lei Liu, Guo-Wang Diao Aug 2013

Voltage Reversal Behavior In Microbial-Anode Fuel Cells, En-Ren Zhang, Jun-Le Niu, Lei Liu, Guo-Wang Diao

Journal of Electrochemistry

Voltage reversal behavior was investigated in microbial-anode fuel cells (MFCs). Electricity-producing biofilms were developed on the surface of anodes in MFCs inoculated with mixed inoculum from activated sludge. MFC duplicates generally exhibited different performances with respect to the internal resistance, the voltage output and the discharging duration when operating in batch mode. Voltage reversal was observed to occur first in the MFC with lower performance when connecting MFCs in series. Analysis of electrode potentials indicated that the potentials of microbial anodes quickly shifted to more positive values when enhancing discharge current, resulting in voltage reversal in MFCs. Increasing temperature would …

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Using Hydrolyzed Sludge Liquor As The Substrate Of Microbial Fuel Cell, Peng Liang, Chao Guo, Xia Huang Aug 2013

Using Hydrolyzed Sludge Liquor As The Substrate Of Microbial Fuel Cell, Peng Liang, Chao Guo, Xia Huang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Hydrolyzed sludge liquor was used as the substrate of microbial fuel cell. When the thermal treatment time increased from 2 h to 96 h, pH varied little between 7.4 and 8.0. When the treatment time increased, the conductivity, COD and alkaline condition increased to 2.53 mS·cm-1, 2520 mg·L-1 and 800 mg·L-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the power density increased to 25 W·m-3. The COD removal increased firstly, then decreased, and finally reached the maximum of 47% at the hydrolyzed time of 6 h. The maximal coulombic efficiency was 71% when the treatment time was 4 …

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Electrochemically Switched Ion Exchange Properties Of Pani-Snp Composite Films In Wastewater Containing Ni2+ And Cd2+, Yan-Ting Feng, Jun-Qiang Xiao, Xiao-Gang Hao, Xu-Li Ma, Zhong-De Wang, Nian-Chen Han Aug 2013

Electrochemically Switched Ion Exchange Properties Of Pani-Snp Composite Films In Wastewater Containing Ni2+ And Cd2+, Yan-Ting Feng, Jun-Qiang Xiao, Xiao-Gang Hao, Xu-Li Ma, Zhong-De Wang, Nian-Chen Han

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electroactive PANI-SnP composite films were prepared by drop-coating method on Pt electrodes and investigated as electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) materials for the separation of Cd2+ from aqueous solutions. The composition and morphology of the composite film were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In solutions containing 0.1 mol·L-1 Ni(NO3)2 and Cd(NO3)2, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior and ion-exchange mechanism of PANI-SnP composite film. The elementary composition of PANI-SnP composite films in both oxidation …

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Pitfalls With The Use Of Enhancement Ratios Or Normalized Excess Mixing Ratios Measured In Plumes To Characterize Pollution Sources And Aging, Robert J. Yokelson, Meinrat O. Andreae, S. K. Akagi Aug 2013

Pitfalls With The Use Of Enhancement Ratios Or Normalized Excess Mixing Ratios Measured In Plumes To Characterize Pollution Sources And Aging, Robert J. Yokelson, Meinrat O. Andreae, S. K. Akagi

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Normalized excess mixing ratios (NEMRs), also known as enhancement ratios, are a common way to characterize plumes of pollution in atmospheric research. As single-source pollutant plumes disperse in the atmosphere, they are diluted by mixing with the adjacent background air. Changes in the composition of this background air can cause large changes to the NEMR that is subsequently measured by remote-sensing, airborne, or ground-based instruments. This scenario is common when boundary layer plumes enter the free troposphere and could also impact long-range transport or plumes near the top of the troposphere. We provide a context for these issues and an …

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Graphene Quantum Dots Enhanced Electrochemical Performance Of Polypyrrole As Supercapacitor Electrode, Kun Wu, Si-Zhe Xu, Xue-Jiao Zhou, Hai-Xia Wu Aug 2013

Graphene Quantum Dots Enhanced Electrochemical Performance Of Polypyrrole As Supercapacitor Electrode, Kun Wu, Si-Zhe Xu, Xue-Jiao Zhou, Hai-Xia Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

With an objective to develop electrode materials with high specific capacitance and good stability, a completely new nanocomposite of Polypyrrole (PPY) and graphene quantum dots (GQD) was successfully obtained through in-situ polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of GQD suspension. The obtained composites with different mass ratios were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). GQD enhanced electrochemical performance of PPY and, as supercapacitor electrodes, the PPY/GQD composites with the mass ratio of PPY to GQD at 50:1 showed a competitive specific capacitance of 485 F·g-1 at a scan rate of …

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Electrocatalytic Oxidation Degradation Kinetics Of Oxalic Acid In A Cylindrical Electrochemical Reactor With Ti/Iro2-Ta2O5 Anode, Jing Su, Hai-Bo Lin, Hong Xu, Wei-Min Huang, Ya-Peng He Aug 2013

Electrocatalytic Oxidation Degradation Kinetics Of Oxalic Acid In A Cylindrical Electrochemical Reactor With Ti/Iro2-Ta2O5 Anode, Jing Su, Hai-Bo Lin, Hong Xu, Wei-Min Huang, Ya-Peng He

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrocatalytic oxidation degradation kinetics of oxalic acid in a cylindrical electrochemical reactor with Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5  as an anode was studied. The relation between instantaneous current efficiency and organic concentration in bulk was established based on the two paths for direct electrochemical oxidations, and the theoretical model was verified by experiments. The experimental resultswere reasonably consistent with the established kinetic model. Furthermore, the competition between the two paths was explored with the modelparameter analysis.

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Book Review, Zong-Rang Zhang Aug 2013

Book Review, Zong-Rang Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

No abstract provided.

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Performance Of The Electro-Oxidation And Electro-Fenton Processes With A Bdd Anode For The Treatment Of Low Contents Of Pharmaceuticals In A Real Water Matrix, Sirs Ignasi, Antonio Garrido Jos, Brillas Enric Aug 2013

Performance Of The Electro-Oxidation And Electro-Fenton Processes With A Bdd Anode For The Treatment Of Low Contents Of Pharmaceuticals In A Real Water Matrix, Sirs Ignasi, Antonio Garrido Jos, Brillas Enric

Journal of Electrochemistry

Here, we report the performance of electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode for the treatment of single and multicomponent solutions containing small amounts of pharmaceutical residues (i.e., 1 mg·L-1 paracetamol and/or 1 mg·L-1 salicylic acid) spiked into a real water matrix at pH 3.0. Electro-oxidation was performed in a BDD/Pt cell, whereas electro-Fenton was carried out in a BDD/air-diffusion cell to electrogenerate H2O2 at the cathode, always operating at constant current density. It was found that the decay of both pharmaceuticals by electro-oxidation was more rapid in the real water matrix than …

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Electrokinetic Migration Research Of Phenol In Cohesive Soil, An-An Liu, Kai Fan, Hou-Feng Xiong, Kuo Dong, Yang Yang, Dong-Lei Zou Aug 2013

Electrokinetic Migration Research Of Phenol In Cohesive Soil, An-An Liu, Kai Fan, Hou-Feng Xiong, Kuo Dong, Yang Yang, Dong-Lei Zou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Using the electrokinetic technique to remediate phenol contaminated soil, the adsorption characteristics, the best extraction agent and extraction conditions of phenol in clay were studied. The migration characteristics of phenol under the conditions of different pH, different moisture contents, different electric-field intensities and different additives were discussed. It was found that the adsorption behavior of phenol followed Freundlich isotherm and the maximum adsorption was 362 mg·kg-1. Using chloroform as an extractant, with ultrasonic time of 20 min plus temperature shock time of 30 min to extract phenol from soil, the extraction rate could reach 94.3%. Phenol migrated to …

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Electrochemical Treatment Of Heavy Metals With Self-Electricity Generation, Wei Xu, Hui-Min Zhang, Zu-Cheng Wu Aug 2013

Electrochemical Treatment Of Heavy Metals With Self-Electricity Generation, Wei Xu, Hui-Min Zhang, Zu-Cheng Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Heavy metal pollution is among the most serious environmental problems. Electrochemical method possesses many advantages like speediness and high efficiency, which develops rapidly. This review describes the aspect and application of heavy metals with self-electricity generation according to the primary batteries and fuel cells. Some examples to reduce heavy metal ions in the cathode are introduced. Applicability of this technology for removing heavy metals is also discussed. Employing electrochemical technology to treat contaminants with self-energy generation instead of exhausting energy will have a good prospect.

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Homocitric Acid In Nitrogenase: Interactions With The Cofactor Of The Molybdenum-Iron Protein, Christopher M. Lee, Dr. G. D. Watt Aug 2013

Homocitric Acid In Nitrogenase: Interactions With The Cofactor Of The Molybdenum-Iron Protein, Christopher M. Lee, Dr. G. D. Watt

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Ammonia is extremely valuable in the industrial production of fertilizer, plastics, explosives, dyes, and other compounds. The most plentiful and common source of ammonia comes from the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas to ammonia. In industry the 80-year-old Haber method is used, which is a costly process that relies on very high temperatures and pressures to catalyze the reaction.

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Redox Properties Of Horse Spleen Ferritin, D. Cope Norcross, Dr. Gerald D. Watt Aug 2013

Redox Properties Of Horse Spleen Ferritin, D. Cope Norcross, Dr. Gerald D. Watt

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Iron is essential to all forms of life. Yet, free iron is toxic unless sequestered and regulated. Organisms use the protein ferritin to perform this function. Ferritin is found storing and releasing iron in almost all living organisms. Ferritin is a large, nearly spherical, hollow protein composed of twenty-four nearly identical subunits (Harrison, et. al., 1991; Theil, 1990). The structure of this protein has been characterized and is well known, yet relating this form to its function is still an active area of research. Although there have been many studies done and many models proposed, very little is known about …

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Applications Of Meta 1,3-Photocyclizations Using Silicon As A Tether, Bradley Nilsson Aug 2013

Applications Of Meta 1,3-Photocyclizations Using Silicon As A Tether, Bradley Nilsson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Current literature contains many examples of the use of light to induce the synthesis of novel compounds and natural compounds. One reaction that has been extensively studied is the meta photocycloaddition of arenes to alkenes. Commonly this is experimentally treated as an inten-nolecular reaction. Problems with this approach to the photocycloaddition include low yields and extensive side reactions with competing regioselectivities. We felt that bringing the alkene and the arene together via a molecular tether prior to irradiation with UV light would increase yields and limit side reactions. Our goal is to find a way to make this reaction more …

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Lithium-Halogen Exchange In Non-Ethereal Solvent: Efficient Preparation Of 2-Bromo-6-Lithiopyridine In Dichloromethane, Jared R. Mitchell, Dr. Matt A. Peterson Aug 2013

Lithium-Halogen Exchange In Non-Ethereal Solvent: Efficient Preparation Of 2-Bromo-6-Lithiopyridine In Dichloromethane, Jared R. Mitchell, Dr. Matt A. Peterson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Organolithium reagents have long been known as useful reagents for carbon-carbon bond formation in synthetic organic chemistry. Although a variety of techniques have been developed for their generation, one of the most frequently used methods involves treating either an alkyl or aryl halide (R-X, X = halogen) with a commercially available organolithium such as nbutyllithium (nBuLi). When these reactions are carried out at low temperature in inert solvents, the lithium atom of nBuLi and the halogen atom of the alkyl or aryl halide are exchanged, hence this process is referred to as a lithium-halogen exchange reaction (Figure 1).

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Electrochemical Behavior And Content Determination Of Paeonol At Poly Sudan Ⅲ Modified Electrode, Yan-Jie Zheng, Ai-Lin Liu, Yun Lei, Xin-Hua Lin Aug 2013

Electrochemical Behavior And Content Determination Of Paeonol At Poly Sudan Ⅲ Modified Electrode, Yan-Jie Zheng, Ai-Lin Liu, Yun Lei, Xin-Hua Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

The poly SudanⅢ modified electrode was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）and cyclic voltammetry (CV), while the electrochemical behavior of paeonol was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The result shows that the poly Sudan Ⅲ modified electrode exhibits excellent electrocatalytic effect on the oxidation of paeonol. The peak currents of differential pulse voltammetry are linear to the paeonol concentrations over the range of 3.0*10-7 ~ 2.2*10-5 mol·L-1. The detection limit has been estimated to be 5.0*10-8 mol·L-1. This method can be used for determination of paeonol content in real sample with satisfactory results.

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Effects Of Metabolic Rate On Muscle Cell Phospholipid Profile, Aaron Miller, Danny Sims, Dr. Steven Wood Aug 2013

Effects Of Metabolic Rate On Muscle Cell Phospholipid Profile, Aaron Miller, Danny Sims, Dr. Steven Wood

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Animal and human cell membranes are composed primarily of phospholipids that form a bi-layer around the cell. Phospholipids play a crucial role in cell membrane function by regulating fluidity and structure. Alterations in the cell membrane composition can drastically affect cell function and metabolism. The purpose of our research study was to identify muscle cell membrane compositional changes due to exercise and muscular dystrophy. Also, we sought to identify the specific chemical changes occurring in the cell membrane by characterizing the structures of the cell membrane phospholipids using mass spectrometry.

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Strategic Isolation Of A Putative Cox Enzyme Honors Thesis, Jacob Orme, Dr. Daniel Simmons Aug 2013

Strategic Isolation Of A Putative Cox Enzyme Honors Thesis, Jacob Orme, Dr. Daniel Simmons

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Most of the results of my work are confidential pending publication. This also applies to the public availability of my honors thesis, which will not be printed until later this year as a result. This fact highlights two important points: 1) I will be unable to offer many specifics in this report-although I will offer as much information as possible1-and 2) more importantly, this ORCA project has been extraordinarily successful.

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Diversity Of Hiv, Jacob Venesky, Dr. Greg F. Burton Aug 2013

Diversity Of Hiv, Jacob Venesky, Dr. Greg F. Burton

Journal of Undergraduate Research

My ORCA research project was designed to assess the level of diversity found in a patient’s body. When a doctor prescribes drugs to combat HIV, he or she must first assess whether the patient houses drug-resistant strains. This is usually done by extracting blood from the patient and sampling the HIV found within. There is a general assumption made that if there are no drugresistant strains of HIV found in the blood, then the prescribed drugs will be effective at controlling the virus. However, if the HIV found in the blood of the patient was not fully representative of the …

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Finding Interactions Between Smpb And Tmrna During Trans-Translation, David Healey, Dr. Allen Buskirk Aug 2013

Finding Interactions Between Smpb And Tmrna During Trans-Translation, David Healey, Dr. Allen Buskirk

Journal of Undergraduate Research

During the last year, I have worked in collaboration with Allen Buskirk and DeAnna Cazier to study the interactions between SmpB and tmRNA during a process called bacterial trans-translation. To understand our experiments, it is necessary to know a little about what trans-translation is, and how it works.

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Kurasoin B Analogues, Jason Nielson, Dr. Merritt Andrus Aug 2013

Kurasoin B Analogues, Jason Nielson, Dr. Merritt Andrus

Journal of Undergraduate Research

During the past year, I have actively worked at developing analogues of the anti-cancer agent kurasoin B. I have included the synthetic path that we have followed during the past year as a reminder of the proposed plan I submitted. Included in the general synthetic pathway are the percent yields that I was able to obtain for each reaction.

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Total Synthesis Of 12-Hete Using Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalyst, Adam Calvert, Dr. Merritt Andrus Aug 2013

Total Synthesis Of 12-Hete Using Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalyst, Adam Calvert, Dr. Merritt Andrus

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Natural compounds can be found throughout the world in an essentially limitless variety. By discovering compounds and investigating their properties, we can unlock the mysteries to cure rare diseases and alleviate common ailments. There are however many challenges with using natural compounds in such ways. The first problem is that most biological molecules are found in very small amounts. This not only poses as a problem with identifying their unique properties, but also stands in the way of their pharmaceutical use. A key solution to this challenge is organic total synthesis.

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Synthesis Of (S)-Equol, Aaron Butler, Dr. Merritt Andrus Aug 2013

Synthesis Of (S)-Equol, Aaron Butler, Dr. Merritt Andrus

Journal of Undergraduate Research

S-equol is a soy isoflavone metabolized from the isoflavone daidzein by intestinal microflora. Isoflavones are a class of nonsteroidal estrogens. A study conducted by DellaPenna indicates that populations with isoflavone-rich diets have fewer incidences of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and some cancers including breast, prostate, and colon cancers (1). A study by Setchell et al suggests that the health benefits seen in populations whose diets are rich in isoflavones may be correlated with people’s ability to produce s-equol (2). Despite encouraging preliminary studies regarding s-equol, there has yet to be extensive studies done with s-equol in vivo. This is due to …

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Orca Report, Jacob Voelkel Aug 2013

Orca Report, Jacob Voelkel

Journal of Undergraduate Research

As a researcher in the Dearden Lab, I researched the selective binding properties of metal ions to members of the cucurbituril family.

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Optimization Of Anti-Cancer Agents Discovered At Byu, Chris Cutler, Dr. Matt Peterson Aug 2013

Optimization Of Anti-Cancer Agents Discovered At Byu, Chris Cutler, Dr. Matt Peterson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The goal of this project was to prepare a library of adenine-based anticancer agents in order to help understand which properties of the molecules contribute to the anticancer activity. I worked in Dr. Peterson’s organic chemistry laboratory for the duration of 2009, synthesizing compounds for anticancer testing. Some were submitted to the NIH for screening against a large panel of cancer cell lines, while others were sent to a collaborator for similar testing. While the results of most of these tests are still forthcoming, the data we have received so far is promising. My work contributed to a publication in …

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Π-Stacking, C–H/Π, And Halogen Bonding Interactions In Bromobenzene And Mixed Bromobenzene–Benzene Clusters, Scott A. Reid, Silver Nyambo, Lloyd Muzangwa, Brandon Uhler Aug 2013

Π-Stacking, C–H/Π, And Halogen Bonding Interactions In Bromobenzene And Mixed Bromobenzene–Benzene Clusters, Scott A. Reid, Silver Nyambo, Lloyd Muzangwa, Brandon Uhler

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Noncovalent interactions play an important role in many chemical and biochemical processes. Building upon our recent study of the homoclusters of chlorobenzene, where π–π stacking and CH/π interactions were identified as the most important binding motifs, in this work we present a study of bromobenzene (PhBr) and mixed bromobenzene–benzene clusters. Electronic spectra in the region of the PhBr monomer S0–S1 (ππ*) transition were obtained using resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) methods combined with time-of-flight mass analysis. As previously found for related systems, the PhBr cluster spectra show a broad feature whose center is red-shifted from the monomer absorption, …

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Thin Film Solutions To Widespread Hospital Infection: Optimization Of Ceragenin-Containing Thin Films, Jeffrey Clark, Dr. Paul B. Savage Aug 2013

Thin Film Solutions To Widespread Hospital Infection: Optimization Of Ceragenin-Containing Thin Films, Jeffrey Clark, Dr. Paul B. Savage

Journal of Undergraduate Research

One current problem in medicine is the accumulation of biofilm on medical devices. Bacterial colonization of endotracheal tubes and urinary catheters is the leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. These infections contribute significantly to patient mortality rates and care costs1. Ceragenin-containing thin films have the potential to prevent these infections. Our lab and collaborators have recently shown that the ceragenin CSA-13 in thin films derived from polyurethane undergo sustained release and prevent bacterial colonization of a coated device2. Optimization of this technology has the potential to yield coatings for a variety of medical devices including endotracheal tubes and urinary catheters.

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Synthesis And Evaluation Of Unnatural Hpaa, Norcoclaurine, And Tyramine Analogues, Sean Crowe Aug 2013

Synthesis And Evaluation Of Unnatural Hpaa, Norcoclaurine, And Tyramine Analogues, Sean Crowe

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

There are several approaches to obtaining unnatural analogues of natural products. One of these approaches is precursor-directed biosynthesis (PDB), which is the process of using natural biosynthetic machinery to transform unnatural analogues of precursor compounds to produce an unnatural analogue of a target natural product. Berberine and galanthamine are chosen as model systems for the evaluation of PDB for the production of aromatic alkaloids in plants. Several approaches to the synthesis of unnatural 4 hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (HPAA), norcoclaurine, and tyramine analogues are explored. 3-chloro-, 3-bromo-, and 3-iodoHPAA are all synthesized in good yields via and oxidative decarboxylation of tyrosine. These analogues …

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