Chemistry Commons^™

Design, Synthesis, And Biological Evaluation Of Novel Polyamine Transport System Probes And Their Application To Human Cancers, Aaron Muth

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The mammalian polyamine transport system (PTS) has been of interest due to its roles in cancer and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Polyamines are essential growth factors which are tightly controlled via a balance of biosynthesis, metabolism, import, and export. This work focused on the development and biological testing of polyamine transport probes to help understand the molecular requirements of the PTS. This was mediated through the use of a CHO (PTS active) and CHO-MG* (PTS deficient) screen, where compounds demonstrating high toxicity in CHO and low toxicity in CHO-MG* were considered PTS selective. The first chapter focused on the development of …

Use Of An Activated Magnesium/Cosolvent System For The Desorption And Degradation Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons And Their Oxygenated Derivatives In Contaminated Soils, Marc Elie

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The contamination of soils, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), remains a widespread environmental concern. In the past two decades, many physical, chemical and biological methods have been developed and evaluated for the degradation of PAHs. However, due to their low aqueous solubility, high sorption affinity, hydrophobicity and recalcitrance, the environmental remediation of PAHs in soil continues to be economically challenging. In addition to PAH contamination, the presence of oxygenated derivatives of PAHs (OPAHs), in soils, has increasingly become a concern due to their greater toxic properties compared to parent PAH compounds. To date, no investigations on OPAH-remediation methods have been …

Epigenetics Of Hoxc13 Endocrine Regulation And Its Role In Gene Expression And Tumorigenesis, Sahba Kasiri

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

HOX genes are a subgroup of homeobox containing gene superfamily and have crucial roles in cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and embryonic development. HOXC13, one of 39 identified human HOX genes, is involved in hair development and human leukemia. The regulatory mechanism that drives HOXC13 expression is mostly unknown. Our studies demonstrated that HOXC13 is transcriptionally activated by steroid hormone estrogen (17ß-estradiol; E2). The HOXC13 promoter contains several estrogen responsive elements (EREs), including ERE1 and ERE2, which are close to the transcription start site, and are associated with E2-mediated activation of HOXC13. Knockdown of estrogen receptors (ERs) ERɑ and ERß suppressed …

New Bonded Phase Materials For Separtions, Sirantha Perera

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

Separations play an important role in day to day life as well as in science and technology. This dissertation focuses on novel and versatile techniques involving synthesizing new bonded chiral stationary phases (CSPs) and using existing CSPs for the separation of target chiral analytes in HPLC. It also includes development of new ionic liquid (IL) based silica bonded polymeric coatings for solid phase microextraction gas chromatography (SPME-GC) in headspace and direct immersion for polar analytes and finally, coupling new MALDI matrix bonded SPME fibers and laser desorption for rapid identification of biological materials. Enantiomerically pure Ru complexes were introduced as …

Photo-Driven One And Two-Electron Processes Of Tetraazatetrapyridopentacene And Substituted Dipyridophenazine Ligands In The Presence Or Absence Of Zinc And Ruthenium Complexation, Joseph M. Aslan

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

Herein, we report the interaction of light with Zn(II) and Ru(II) adducts of the polypyridal ligands tetraazatetrapyridopentacene (tatpp) and dipyridophenazine (dppz). For examples where Zn(II) is coordinated to tatpp and dppz, we have established a kinetic isotope effect for photo-oxidation of alcohols using both metal-free and metal-bound complexes of tatpp and dppz. The data supports H-atom transfer mechanism in the absence of Zn(II), and a formal "hydride" transfer in the presence of Zn(II).We also report herein the synthesis and characterization of various [Ru(phen)2(dppzX2)]2+ complexes using analytical techniques such as NMR, ESI-MS, CHN, and UV/Vis. We have chemically and electrochemically generated …

Development Of Mass Spectrometric Methods For The Analysis Of Serotonin And Related Compounds In Biological Matrices, Merisa Moriarty

Theses

Serotonin is a major neurotransmitter in the brain and affects various functions both in the brain and in the rest of the body. It has been linked to depression, migraines, and aggression, as well as many psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, dementia and anorexia nervosa. It also has been associated with conditions like Alzheimer’s disease along with other neurotransmitters such as dopamine.

The aim of this research project is to develop various mass spectrometric methods for the analysis of serotonin, dopamine and similar indoles in both urine and serum matrices. This thesis provides extensive reviews detailing a general overview of serotonin …

Investigation Of Factors Influencing Trichloromethane Levels In Milk And Its Control., Siobhan Ryan

Theses

Trichloromethane (TCM) is an undesirable chemical residue that can develop in milk. While TCM levels in milk are not within ranges of public health concern, it is important that minimal levels are maintained in order to promote the marketing of Irish dairy products abroad. Germany has enacted strict regulations on TCM concentrations in foodstuffs with a recommended level of0.002 mg/kg and re-analyse those milks, subsequent to cause identification and provision of advice on reducing TCM levels in milk. Milk samples were analysed using Gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection. The GC method was adapted and a standard curve was …

N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine Amide Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium Against Methamphetamine-Induced Oxidative Stress, Nuran Ercal, Joshua W. Carey, Shakila Tobwala, Xinsheng Zhang, Atrayee Banerjee, Eylem Y. Pinarci, Humeyra Karacal

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Methamphetamine (METH), a highly addictive drug used worldwide, induces oxidative stress in various animal organs. Recent animal studies indicate that methamphetamine also induces oxidative stress in the retina, which is an em- bryonic extension of the forebrain. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the pro- tecttive effects of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) against oxidative stress induced by METH in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Our stud- ies showed that NACA protected against METH- induced oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Although METH significantly de- creased glutathione (GSH) levels and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondial- dehyde …

Neutron Repulsion, Oliver Manuel

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Earth is connected gravitationally, magnetically and electrically to its heat source and the source of its chemical elements - a neutron star obscured from view by waste products in the photosphere. Neutron repulsion makes the solar core like the hot filament in an incandescent light bulb. Excited neutrons are emitted from the pulsar, decay to hydrogen, and partially fuse into the helium now trapped with it in the photosphere, like a frosted light bulb. Neutron repulsion is the overlooked source of energy, the keystone of an arch that locks together many earlier, puzzling observations: 1.) Excess ¹³⁶Xe accompanied primordial …

Separation And Liquid Chromatography Using A Single Carbon Nanotube, Riju Singhal, Vadym Mochalin, Maria R. Lukatskaya, Gary Friedman, Yury G. Gogotsi

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Use of a single template-grown carbon nanotube as a separation column to separate attoliter volumes of binary mixtures of fluorescent dyes has been demonstrated. The cylindrical nanotube walls are used as stationary phase and the surface area is increased by growing smaller multi-walled carbon nanotubes within the larger nanotube column. Liquid-liquid extraction is performed to separate selectively soluble solutes in a solvent, and chromatographic separation is demonstrated using thin, long nanotubes coated inside with iron oxide nanoparticles. The setup is also used to determine the diffusion coefficient of a solute at the sub-micrometer scale. This study opens avenues for analytical …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Red And Near-Infrared Bodipy-Based Fluorophores For Various Biological Applications, Timsy Kaur Uppal

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

ABSTRACT 4,4-Difluoro-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene, better known as BODIPY® dyes, have attracted considerable attention due to their intriguing physicochemical and spectral properties, including high absorption coefficient, fluorescence quantum yield and good photochemical stability. Despite the recent progress achieved in this field, the synthesis of BODIPY derivatives that absorb and emit in the red- and NIR-region of the electromagnetic spectrum and their application to biomolecular targets, represents a long-standing challenge in BODIPY chemistry. This research work is therefore focused on the synthesis and characterization of red and NIR-emissive BODIPY-based fluorophores for various bioanalytical and biomedical applications. Chapter 1 of this dissertation represents a concise …

Syntheses And Characterization Of Water-Soluble Phythalocyanines For Diagnosis And Treatment Of Cancer, Benson Getenga Ongarora

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Ongarora, Benson Getenga, B.S., Moi University, 2005 Doctor of Philosophy, Fall Commencement, 2012 Major: Chemistry Syntheses and Characterization of Water-Soluble Phthalocyanines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer Dissertation directed by Professor M.Graҫa H. Vicente Pages in dissertation, xi. Words in abstract, 251. ABSTRACT Chapter 1 describes the general properties of phthalocyanines, synthesis of metallo-phthalocyanines, their photophysical features and their uses. The concepts of PDT and targeted therapeutics are also introduced. Chapter 2 describes the syntheses, characterization, photophysical studies and biological evaluation of cationic phthalocyanines. The trimethylaminophenoxy substituted phthalocyanines were synthesized through statistical condensation method, which gave a statistical mixture of …

On The Synthesis, Characterization, And Magnetization Of Ln-M-X (Ln = Lanthanide; M = Ti-Cr, Cu, Mo, Pd; X = Al, Ga) Intermetallics, Michael James Kangas

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The focus of the research presented herein was to grow single crystals of Ln-M-X (Ln = lanthanide; M = Ti-Cr, Cu, Mo, Pd; X = Al, Ga) intermetallic compounds and to characterize their crystal structures and physical properties. Overall, the flux growth technique facilitated a detailed analysis of previously known structure-types (LnM2Al20 (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Yb; M = Ti, V, Cr), Ln6M4Al43 (Ln = Gd, Yb; M = Cr, Mo), and Yb2Pd3Ga9), as well as the synthesis and characterization of new compounds (LnCrxGa3 (Ln = Ho, Er; x ~ 0.13), YbCr2Al20-xFex (x ~ 0.2), Ln(Cu,Al,Ga)13-x, and Ln2PdGa12 (Ln …

The Kamlet Laboratories Collection At The University Of South Florida, Dean F. Martin, Karina Bidani

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Jonas Kamlet (1914-1960) and his wife Edna (1915- 2011) founded the Kamlet Laboratory (as it was then called) in 1941 (I). It was in many ways a pioneering consulting laboratory that was unique for its approach and creativity. In 2006, the collected papers of the Kamlet Laboratories that were housed in two storage units in Sarasota, Florida, were donated to the University of South Florida (USF) Library, Tampa Campus, as noted elsewhere (I). This paper describes the background of the laboratory and indicates the potential value of the material in the Kamlet Chemical Laboratories Collection. The collection came to USF …

Azlactone-Functionalized Polymers As Reactive Platforms For The Design Of Advanced Materials: Progress In The Last Ten Years, Maren E. Buck, David M. Lynn

Chemistry: Faculty Publications

Polymers functionalized with azlactone (or oxazolone) functionality have become increasingly useful for the rapid and modular design of functional materials. Because azlactones can react via ring-opening reactions with a variety of different nucleophilic species (e.g., primary amines, hydroxyl groups, and thiol functionality), azlactone-functionalized materials can serve as convenient 'reactive' platforms for the post-synthesis or post-fabrication introduction of a broad range of chemical functionality to soluble polymers, insoluble supports, and surfaces/interfaces. The last decade has seen an increase in both the number and the variety of reports that exploit the properties and the reactivities of azlactone-functionalized polymers. Here, we highlight recent …

Dibenzimidazolium Salts And Their Interactions With 1,5-Dinaphtho-38-Crown-10, David B. Bernthal

Masters Theses

The use of imidazolium salts in mechanically interlocked molecules, like pseudorotaxanes, is of interest because they can be functionalized with side arms that allow for coordination chemistry. It has been previously shown that tetraakylbenzobisimidazolium salts successfully thread through crown ethers, such as 15DN38C10 or BPP34C10, to form pseudorotaxanes. As an extension of the results that were gathered about this novel template, it was our goal to explore the degree to which larger imidazolium salts interact with such crown ethers. This research focused on the interactions between 15DN38C10 and dibenzimidazolium cations that were tetra-substituted with methyl groups, butyl groups, and benzyl …

Internal Motion In Weakly Bound Halomethane Complexes, Amelia J. Thomas

Masters Theses

A complementary blend of computational and spectroscopic methods has been used to analyze three halomethane complexes which exhibit different types of internal motion. In CH2FrCO2, the CH2F2 undergoes a "rocking" motion which inverts the dipole moment component along the c axis. For thjs complex, the spectra of six isotopologues were measured and an experimental structure was determined (see figure). The barrier to inversion was 142(3) cm·1 based on an experimental AE (AE is the energy difference between v=0+ and v=ff), which is in good agreement with the ab imtio ZPE-corrected barrier of 122 cm •1 . Upon comparison with similar …

Educational Technology: Podcasts, Vodcasts, And Blogs In The Science Classroom, Danielle N. Thompson

Masters Theses

Junior-level Chemistry students at De Soto High School, Missouri, were introduced to educational technology in the form of podcasts, vodcasts, and blogs to facilitate learning outside of the traditional four walls of the classroom. Educational technology was utilized to see if content knowledge could be delivered from the teacher to the students as well as from the students to the teacher. Students were surveyed eight weeks after educational technology was introduced in the classroom to see if participation, attitudes, and interests in science were influenced by the use of educational technology in addition to traditional pedagogical methods.

Technical Note: A Trace Gas Climatology Derived From The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (Ace-Fts) Data Set, A. Jones, K. A. Walker, J. J. Jin, J. R. Taylor, C. D. Boone, P. F. Bernath, S. Brohede, G. L. Manney, S. Mcleod, R. Hughes, W. H. Daffer

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) aboard the Canadian satellite SCISAT (launched in August 2003) was designed to investigate the composition of the upper troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. ACE-FTS utilizes solar occultation to measure temperature and pressure as well as vertical profiles of over thirty chemical species including O₃, H₂O, CH₄, N₂O, CO, NO, NO₂, N₂O₅, HNO₃, HCl, ClONO₂, CCl₃F, CCl₂F₂, and HF. Global coverage for each species is obtained approximately over a three month …

Greenhouse Gas Measurements Over A 144 Km Open Path In The Canary Islands, J.S. A. Brooke, P. F. Bernath, G. Kirchengast, C. B. Thomas, J. G. Wang, K. A. Tereszchuk, G. González Abad, R. J. Hargreaves, C. A. Beale, J. J. Harrison

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

A new technique for the satellite remote sensing of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere via the absorption of short-wave infrared laser signals transmitted between counter-rotating satellites in low Earth orbit has recently been proposed; this would enable the acquisition of a long-term, stable, global set of altitude-resolved concentration measurements. We present the first ground-based experimental demonstration of this new infrared-laser occultation method, in which the atmospheric absorption of CO₂ near 2.1µm was measured over a ∼144km path length between two peaks in the Canary Islands (at an altitude of ∼2.4 km), using relatively low power diode lasers (∼4 to …

The Reaction Of Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates With 2-Oxo-2-Phenylacetaldehyde In The Presence Of Primary Amines: Synthesis Of Alkyl 2-Benzoyl-4-Alkylamino-5-Oxo-2,5-Dihydro-3-Furan Carboxylate Derivatives, Javad Safaei Ghomi, Fariba Salimi, Ali Ramazani, Fatemeh Zeinali Nasrabadi, Yavar Ahmadi

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A 3-component domino reaction approach between a primary amine, a dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and 2-oxo-2- phenylacetaldehyde that affords novel alkyl 2-benzoyl-4-alkylamino- 5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furan carboxylate derivatives is reported. The reaction sequence consists of an initial Michael addition of primary amines to dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, followed by an aldol-like reaction with 2-oxo-2-phenylacetaldehyde, and then \gamma -lactonization to afford the products. This cascade reaction sequence represents a rapid and unprecedented route to the described biologically interesting molecules.

Optimization Of A New Cloud Point Extraction Procedure For The Selective Determination Of Trace Amounts Of Total Iron In Some Environmental Samples, Celal Duran, Duygu Özdeş, Eli̇f Çelenk Kaya, Hali̇t Kanteki̇n, Volkan Numan Bulut, Mehmet Tüfekçi̇

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A new, simple, and rapid cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure system, combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), was developed for selective separation, preconcentration, and determination of trace amounts of total iron in some environmental samples. The complexing agent, N,N'-(2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)) bis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(2-chloroacetamide) (EDBOCA), is selective at pH 5.0 for only Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in the presence of Cu(II), Pb(II), Cd(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Ni(II), Zn(II), Al(III), Mo(VI), Pd(II), Pt(IV), Au(III), and V(V) ions. The procedure is based on the complexation of Fe(III) ions with EDBOCA reagent in the presence of Triton X-114 (TX-114) as a non-ionic surfactant. The optimum …

Reaction Kinetics Of Carbon Dioxide With 2-Amino-2-Hydroxymethyl-1,3-Propanediol In Aqueous Solution Obtained From The Stopped Flow Method, Cyril Sunday Ume, Erdoğan Alper

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Carbon dioxide (CO_2) capture has attracted great interest these days due to the role of CO_2 in global warming and its effects in industrial processes. Thus, higher energy efficient and affordable technologies are required for its removal so as to address these problems. In this work, the reaction kinetics of CO_2 with 2-amino-2-hyroxymethyl- 1,3-propanediol (AHPD), a sterically hindered amine (SHA), was studied by direct stopped flow method. The aim was to research CO_2 absorbent with better CO_2 absorption capacity and reaction kinetics than the commonly applied amine solvents. The study was carried out at 288, 298, and 303 K in …

Synthesis, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiplatelet And In Silico Evaluations Of (E)-3-(3-(2,3-Dihydro-3-Methyl-2-Oxo- 3h-Benzoxazole-6-Yl)-1-Phenyl-1h-Pyrazole- 4-Yl)Acrylamides, Sultan Baytaş, Ni̇lüfer Nermi̇n Turan Dural, Yeşi̇m Özkan, Hasan Bolkan Şi̇mşek, Türki̇z Gürsel, Serdar Ünlü

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A series of (E)-3-(3-(2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-2-oxo-3H-benzoxazole- 6-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)acry- lamides (7a--k) were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activities on COX-1 and COX-2 isoforms using a human whole blood assay as well as their antiplatelet profile against human platelet aggregation using arachidonic acid as agonists. Among the synthesized derivatives 7a--k, especially compound 7g exhibited dual anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet activity with selective COX-2 inhibition.

Competitive Hydrogen Bonding In Aspirin-Aspirin And Aspirin-Leucine Interactions, Zeynep Yurtsever, Burak Erman, İsmai̇l Ersi̇n Yurtsever

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Aspirin-aspirin and aspirin-leucine interactions are studied by the density functional theory (DFT) and high level ab initio calculations with second order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). The rotational isomers of aspirin are identified by their relative stability both in gaseous phase and in water using the polarizable continuum method (PCM). Local minima of aspirin monomers in water are found to be all highly populated compared to the gas phase behavior. Homodimers of aspirin form hydrogen bonds with bond energies of 10 kcal/mol. Weak hydrogen bonds utilizing phenyl and methyl groups are also found. The interaction between aspirin and leucine is stronger …

Copolymerization Of N-Vinyl Pyrrolidone With Methyl Methacrylate By Ti(Iii)-Dmg Redox Initiator, Ajithkumar Manayan Parambil, Yashoda Malagar Puttaiahgowda, Prasannakumar Shankarappa

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Redox copolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out using titanium(III)-- dimethylglyoxime [Ti(III)-DMG] redox initiator in aqueous sulfuric acid-alcohol media. The resulting copolymer was characterized by FTIR, ^1H-NMR, and ^{13}C-NMR spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. Thermal properties of the copolymer were determined by differential scanning calorimetric technique and thermogravimetric analysis. The reactivity ratios of the monomers were computed by Fineman-Ross, Kelen-Tudos, and extended Kelen-Tudos methods at lower conversion. The reactivity ratios obtained r_1 (MMA) 1.69 and r_2 (NVP) 0.03 showed richer content of MMA than NVP in the copolymer having extreme ideal behavior. The distribution of monomer …

Design And Synthesis Of New 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives Containing Morpholine Moiety As Antimicrobial Agents, Deni̇z Şahi̇n, Hacer Bayrak, Ahmet Demi̇rbaş, Nesli̇han Demi̇rbaş, Şengül Alpay Karaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

2-Morpholine-4ylethyl-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-ones (2a, 2b) were obtained from the condensation between the corresponding ethoxycarbonylhydrazones and 2-morpholinoethanamine. 2a was converted to acetohydrazide (4) via the formation of an ester derivative (3). Treatment of 2a and 2b with several aryl sulfonyl chlorides afforded the corresponding 2-arylsulfonyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-ones (5a-c and 6). The reaction of hydrazide (4) with benzyl iso- and benzyl isothiocyanate produced the corresponding carboxamide (8a) and carbothioamide (8b). The basic treatment of 8b yielded 5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (10). The synthesis of 1,3-thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene-1,2,4-triazol-1- ylacetohydrazide (11) and 1,3-oxazole-2(3H)-ylidene-1,2,4-triazole- 1-yl)acetohydrazide (9) derivatives was performed from the reaction of 8a and 8b with substituted phenacyl bromides. All the newly synthesized …

Symmetric, Twinned, And Double-Decker Phthalocyanines Substituted By Trialkylated Pentaerythritol, Muzaffer Köç, Ayşe Gül Gürek, Fabienne Dumoulin, Vefa Ahsen

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Trialkylated pentaerythritol was chosen as a bulky substituent for a set of 3 free-base phthalocyanines: a symmetric, a twinned, and a double-decker derivative. The bulkiness of this substituent lowered the aggregation of the phthalocyanines. The electronic absorptions were comparatively investigated: the twinned phthalocyanine exhibited a significant near-infrared shifted absorption. The neutral radical Eu(III) complex was oxidized by bromine. These 3 phthalocyanines are promising for use as molecular materials.

A New Absorption Based Co_2 Sensor Based On Schiff Base Doped Ethyl Cellulose, Sevi̇nç Zehra Topal, Kadri̇ye Erteki̇n, Beri̇n Yeni̇gül, Ayşe Erçağ

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

This paper reports absorption-based CO_2 sensing of the pH-active Schiff base 2-[(2-hydroxymethylphenylimino) methyl]-5-bromo-phenol (SB) in an ethyl cellulose (EC) matrix with and without Teflon coating. The CO_2 sensitivity of the SB dye in the EC matrix was evaluated in the presence of nonadecafluorodecanoic acid and tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide. When exposed to CO_2, the sensing films exhibited 76% of overall relative signal change and responded to CO_2 over a wide range: 1%-100 % (v/v). However, the slope of the spectral response between 1% and 5% (v/v) is more significant. The response time (\tau_{90}) was 15 s, and limit of detection (LOD) …

Design, Synthesis, And Biological Evaluation Of Indole-Based 1,4-Disubstituted Piperazines As Cytotoxic Agents, Meri̇ç Köksal Akkoç, Mi̇ne Yarim Yüksel, İrem Durmaz, Rengül Çeti̇n Atalay

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A series of 3-[(4-substitutedpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-1H-indole derivatives were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by spectral analysis. All the compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity in vitro against 3 human tumor cell lines: human liver (HUH7), breast (MCF7), and colon (HCT116). Among the designed derivatives, most of the compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against liver and colon cancer cell lines with lower IC_{50} concentrations than the standard drug 5-fluorouracil. Compound 3s, with 3,4-dichlorophenyl substituent on the piperazine ring, was the most active in suppressing the growth of all screened cancer cells.