Chemistry Commons^™

The Transsulfuration Pathway Significantly Contributes To Glutathione Biosynthesis In Human Mammary Epithelial Cells, Andrea Del Pilar Belalcazar Maya

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Cellular methylation and antioxidant metabolism are linked by the transsulfuration pathway, which converts the methionine cycle intermediate homocysteine to cysteine, a precursor for glutathione biosynthesis, principally in hepatic cells. In mammals, the transsulfuration pathway has been identified in liver, kidney, pancreas and brain. To determine whether the pathway exists in mammary cells human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) and normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) were labeled with ³⁵S-methionine for 24 hours following pre-treatment with a vehicle control, the cysteine biosynthesis inhibitor propargylglycine (PPG) or the gammaglutamyl cysteine synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Cell lysates were prepared and reacted with glutathione-S-transferase …

Structural Determination Of The 5' Untranslated Regions Of Ire-Containing Mrnas, Chandra Sekhar Bathina

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The expression of ferritin and amyloid precursor protein (APP) is post-transcriptionally regulated by iron-regulating proteins via binding to a stem-loop structure known as an iron-responsive element in the 5’-untranslated region (5’UTR) of ferritin and APP mRNAs. In this study, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to visualize the conformation of the 5’UTRs of ferritin heavy chain (Ferritin-H), ferritin light chain (Ferritin-L), and APP mRNA transcripts from human and mouse, and determined the secondary RNA structures using selective 2’-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE). The AFM imaging did not provide high resolution structural information about these RNAs, whereas the SHAPE …

Calorimetric Study Of Phthalate Adsorption From Solution Onto Silica Adsorbent And Correlation Between Energy And Adsorption Isotherms, Nasima A. Goni

Theses

No abstract provided.

Ethyl 1-Acetyl-1h-Indole-3-Carboxyl­Ate, Tasneem Siddiquee, Shahid Islam, Dennis Bennett, Matthias Zeller, Mahmun Hossain

Chemistry Faculty Research

The title compound, C₁₃H₁₃NO₃, was synthesized by acetyl­ation of ethyl 1H-indole-3-carboxyl­ate. The aromatic ring system of the mol­ecule is essentially planar, but the saturated ethyl group is also located within this plane and the overall r.m.s. deviation from planarity is only 0.034 Å. Pairs of C-HO inter­actions connect mol­ecules into chains along the diagonal of the unit cell. Mol­ecules also form weakly connected dimers via stacking inter­actions of the indole rings with centroid-centroid separations of 3.571 (1) Å. C-H inter­actions between methyl­ene and methyl groups and the indole and benzene ring complete …

Synthesis And Spectroscopic Analysis Of Therapeutic Ru(Ii) Complexes, Samar Moqadasi, Laura Perdisatt, Christine O'Connor, Luke O'Neill

Conference Papers

The aim of this study is to synthesise and characterise new ligands based on a 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione backbone and their respective Ru(II) complexes; Ru(bpy)2mfmp, Ru(bpy)2fmp and Ru(bpy)2NO2-mp as shown in figure 1.The synthesis of the ligands will be discussed and a variety of Ru(II) complexes. A brief insight of the electronic and NMR spectroscopy will be presented along with preliminary photochemical results such as extinction coefficients, quantum yields and luminescence lifetimes. Ruthenium complexes have well established synthetic and photochemical properties.1The objective of this work is to synthesise Ru(II) complexes for the applications of potential therapeutics. In order to establish their uses …

Come For The Content, Stay For The Community, Hilary J. Eppley

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

"One-Pot" Oligomeric A2 + B3 Approach To Branched Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)S: Reactivity Ratio Controlled Polycondensation, Andrea M. Elsen

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The synthesis of fully soluble branched poly(arylene ether)s via an oligomeric A2 + B3 system, in which the A2 oligomers are generated in situ, is presented. This approach takes advantage of the significantly higher reactivity toward nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, NAS, of B2, 4-Fluorophenyl sulfone, relative to B3, tris(4-Fluorophenyl) phosphine oxide. The A2 oligomers were synthesized by reaction of Bisphenol-A and B2, in the presence of the B3 unit, at temperatures between 100 and 160 °C, followed by an increase in the reaction temperature to 180 °C at which point the branching unit was incorporated. The presence of branching was …

N-[4-(Morpholinodiazen­Yl)Phen­Yl]Acetamide, Ralph Isovitsch, Taylor Chin, Frank R. Fronczek

Chemistry

No abstract provided.

Triatomic Molecular Orbitals, Carl W. David

Chemistry Education Materials

If elementary Quantum Chemistry stops at diatomic molecules, some students may be left with false impressions concerning how one builds polyatomic molecule's LCAO-MOs. This reading discusses building such molecular orbitals from atomic orbitals centered at different spatial coordinates.

Continued Fraction Solutions To Hermite's, Legendre's And Laguerre's Differential Equation, Carl W. David

Chemistry Education Materials

The continued fraction method for solving differential equations is illustrated using three famous differential equations used in quantum chemistry.

More Than You Ever Cared To Know About Solution Thermodynamics, Carl W. David

Chemistry Education Materials

These readings are a compendium of earlier works put together and corrected for errors. The subject is solution thermodynamics, based on the one dimensional binary solution as "extended" to three dimensions.

Evaluation Of Silica Monoliths In Affinity Microcolumns For High-Throughput Analysis Of Drug–Protein Interactions, Michelle J. Yoo, David S. Hage

David Hage Publications

Silica monoliths in affinity microcolumns were tested for the high-throughput analysis of drug–protein interactions. HSA was used as a model protein for this work, while carbamazepine and R-warfarin were used as model analytes. A comparison of HSA silica monoliths of various lengths indicated columns as short as 1 to 3 mm could be used to provide reproducible estimates of retention factors or plate heights. Benefits of using smaller columns for this work included the lower retention times and lower back pressures that could be obtained versus traditional HPLC affinity columns, as well as the smaller amount of protein that …

Microscopic Dynamics Of The Orientation Of A Hydrated Nanoparticle In An Electric Field, C. D. Daub, D. Bratko, A. Towshif, A. Luzar

Chemistry Publications

We use atomistic simulations to study the orientational dynamics of a nonpolar nanoparticle suspended in water and subject to an electric field. Due to molecular-level effects we describe, the torque exerted on the nanoparticle exceeds continuum-electrostatics based estimates by about a factor of two. The reorientation time of a 16.2×16.2×3.35 ̊A3 nanoparticle in a field E > 0.015V/ ̊A is an order of magnitude less than the field-free orientational time (∼ 1 ns). Surprisingly, the alignment speed is nearly independent of the nanoparticle size in this regime. These findings are relevant for design of novel nanostructures and sensors and development of …

Oligocarbonate Molecular Transporters: Oligomerization-Based Syntheses And Cell-Penetrating Studies, Christina B. Cooley, B. M. Trantow, F. Nederberg, M. K. Kiesewetter, J. L. Hedrick, R. M. Waymouth, P. A. Wender

Chemistry Faculty Research

A new family of guanidinium-rich molecular transporters featuring a novel oligocarbonate backbone with 1,7-side chain spacing is described. Conjugates can be rapidly assembled irrespective of length in a one-step oligomerization strategy that can proceed with concomitant introduction of probes (or by analogy drugs). The new transporters exhibit excellent cellular entry as determined by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, and the functionality of their drug delivery capabilities was confirmed by the delivery of the bioluminescent small molecule probe luciferin and turnover by its intracellular target enzyme.

N- And C-Terminal Domains In Human Holocarboxylase Synthetase Participate In Substrate Recognition, Yousef I. Hassan, Hideaki Moriyama, Lars J. Olsen, Xin Bi, Janos Zempleni

Hideaki Moriyama Publications

Holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) catalyzes the binding of the vitamin biotin to carboxylases and histones. Carboxylases mediate essential steps in macronutrient metabolism. For example, propionyl- CoA carboxylase (PCC) catalyzes the carboxylation of propionyl-CoA in the metabolism of oddchain fatty acids. HCS comprises four putative domains, i.e., the N-terminus, the biotin transfer/ATP binding domain, a putative linker domain, and the C-terminus. Both N- and C-termini are essential for biotinylation of carboxylases by HCS, but the exact functions of these two domains in enzyme catalysis are unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that N- and C-termini play roles in substrate recognition by HCS. …

The Investigation Of Epr Paramagnetic Probe Line Width And Shape Temperature Dependence In High-Temperature Superconductors Of Bi–Pb–Sr–Ca–Cu–O System, J. G. Chigvinadze, Juana Vivó Acrivos, I. G. Akhvlediani, M. I. Chubabria, T. L. Kalabegishvili, T. I. Sanadze

Faculty Publications, Chemistry

The work is related with the finding out of magnetic phases in strongly anisotropic high-temperature superconductor Bi1,7Pb0,3Sr2Ca2Cu3O10-δ in the temperature region where the superconductor is in the normal state. It was studied the temperature dependence of the paramagnetic probe EPR line width. In the normal state at T>Tc near 175 K it was revealed a pick in the temperature dependence of line width. In this region it was observed the time increase of the line width with the characteristic time ~ 17 min. This shows the possibility of magnetic phase formation in this material.

Singlet Oxygen Delivery Through The Porous Cap Of A Hollow-Core Fiber Optic Device, Matibur Zamadar, David Aebisher, Alexander Greer

Faculty Publications

The development of the first photosensitizer/fiber optic device is reported. An oxygen-flowing, fiber-capped configuration is used for the application of heterogeneous, spatially confined singlet oxygen delivery in aqueous media. This is a unique device, unlike other heterogeneous photosensitizers, in which local concentrations of singlet oxygen can be delivered via introduction and withdrawal of the fiber tip.

(+-)-3-Carboxy-2-(Imidazol-3-Ium-1-Yl)- Propanoate, Sara A. Reeb, Marlesa C. Shields, Kraig A. Wheeler

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

The title compound, C7H8N2O4, crystallizes as a zwitterion, with molecules organized into molecular sheets via carboxyl– carboxylate and N+—H_ _ _carboxylate contacts. These sheets are constructed from translationally related molecules that further link to neighboring motifs via _-stacking [centroid– centroid distance 3.504 (3) A ° ] and weak C—H_ _ _O contacts.

Online Support And Online Assessment For Teaching And Learning Chemistry, Claire M. Mcdonnell, Natasa Brouwer

Books/Book chapters

In this chapter, examples of innovative approaches that use educational technology to support active learning in chemistry lectures, tutorials and laboratory sessions are considered. The scope of the chapter is limited to blended learning. The strengths and weaknesses of e-learning are examined and the options available for online assessment using electronic tests and e-portfolios are discussed. In addition to the literature references provided in the chapter, several examples of good practice involving the implementation of information and communication technology for chemistry teaching in higher education are incorporated. A list of online resources for lecturers is also included.

Development Of Quantitative Bioanalytical Methods For The Measurement Of Pharmaceutical Compounds Via Hplc-Uv And Hplc-Ms/Ms, Melissa A. Mcculloch

ETD Archive

Research in pharmaceutical treatments for illnesses and disease processes has rapidly grown in the past decade. The field is fueled by advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanics of the human body, coupled with the development of sophisticated scientific instruments which can efficiently generate massive amounts of important data. This has led to an ever-growing need for the development of quantitative bioanalytical methods to measure pharmaceutical compounds. In this work, the theory behind the analytical processes and instruments that make these investigations possible is discussed. Further, the development of two high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods with both ultra …

Systems Chemistry And Parrondo’S Paradox: Computational Models Of Thermal Cycling, Daniel C. Osipovitch, Carl Barratt, Pauline M. Schwartz

Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications

A mathematical concept known as Parrondo’s paradox motivated the development of several novel computational models of chemical systems in which thermal cycling was explored. In these kinetics systems we compared the rates of formation of product under cycling temperature and steady-sate conditions. We found that a greater concentration of product was predicted under oscillating temperature conditions. Our computational models of thermal cycling suggest new applications in chemical and chemical engineering systems.

Liposomes Recruit Ipac To The Shigella Flexneri Type Iii Secretion Apparatus Needle As A Final Step In Secretion Induction, C. R. Epler, Nicholas E. Dickenson, A. J. Olive, W. L. Picking, W. D. Picking

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Shigella flexneri contact with enterocytes induces a burst of protein secretion via its type III secretion apparatus (TTSA) as an initial step in cellular invasion. We have previously reported that IpaD is positioned at the TTSA needle tip (M. Espina et al., Infect. Immuno. 74:4391-4400, 2006). From this position, IpaD senses small molecules in the environment to control the presentation of IpaB to the needle tip. This step occurs without type III secretion induction or IpaC recruitment to the S. flexneri surface. IpaC is then transported to the S. flexneri surface when target cell lipids are added, and this event …

A Comparison Of Cationic Surfactant Immobilized Ion Exchange Membranes In Their Application For Use In Extraction Of 4-Nitophenol, Robert Derrek Brown

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Solid Phase Extraction has replaced distillation and liquid-liquid extraction as the most widely used method for extraction from solution. Though traditional SPE has seen great success, its downfalls are that it requires meticulous preparation procedures requiring funtionalized silanes and silica or polymerization courses. An alternative is ion exchange membranes to which long carbon chain ionic surfactants have been attached. The S1000 membrane ion exchange capacity was measured to be approximately 110 micro-equil/disc while the P81 membrane was 150 micro-equil/disc. Octadecyltri-methylammonium surfactant was immobilized on the membrane surface, qualitated through the use of ATR-FTIR, and quantified through elemental analysis. Kinetic adsorption …

Analysis And Treatment Of Emerging Polar Contaminants, Daniel E. Connors

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Two major classes of polar compounds have recently become a major focus as sources of contamination of water systems. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) enter water through wastewater streams, and many of these compounds survive current wastewater treatment processes. High production volume chemicals (HPVCs), defined as chemicals produced in excess of one million pounds per year have numerous entries into surface and drinking waters due to their ubiquity. The commonality between many of these compounds is their polarity, which makes them water-soluble.

While both PPCPs and HPVCs have been entering into the environment for decades, advances in analyte detection …

Development Of A Carbon-Carbon Sandwich Composite With A Cellulose, Matt Brown

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

The development of a carbon-carbon sandwich composite with a cellulose derived core was developed and its properties investigated. This type of hybrid composite has never been made before. The goal was to combine the high temperature properties of carbon-carbon composites with the low weight of sandwich composites. In order to create a material with superior thermal properties and a high specific strength a carbon-carbon sandwich composite was developed utilizing a carbonized wood core. The composite was successfully constructed using an industrial grade carbon glue to hold two layers of carbon fiber weave on the top and bottom of the core. …

Loop Dynamics Of The Extracellular Domain Of Human Tissue Factor And Activation Of Factor Viia, Agnese S. Minazzo, Reuben C. Darlington, J. B. A. Ross

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In the crystal structure of the complex between the soluble extracellular domain of tissue factor (sTF) and activesite- inhibited VIIa, residues 91 and 92 in the Pro⁷⁹-Pro⁹² loop of sTF interact with the catalytic domain of VIIa. It is not known, however, whether this loop has a role in allosteric activation of VIIa. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements of probes covalently bound to sTF mutants E84C and T121C show that binding uninhibited Factor VIIa affects segmental motions in sTF. Glu⁸⁴ resides in the Pro⁷⁹-Pro⁹² loop, and Thr¹²¹ resides in the turn between the …

Emissions From Biomass Burning In The Yucatan, Robert J. Yokelson, J. D. Crounse, P. F. Decarlo, T. Karl, S. P. Urbanski, E. Atlas, T. Campos, Y. Shinozuka, V. Kasputin, A. D. Clarke, A. Weinheimer, D. J. Knapp, D. D. Montzka, J. Holloway, P. Weibring, F. Flocke, W. Zheng, D. Toohey, P. O. Wennberg, C. Wiedinmyer, L. Mauldin, A. Fried, D. Richter, J. Walega, J. L. Jimenez, K. Adachi, P. R. Buseck, S. R. Hall, R. Shetter

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In March 2006 two instrumented aircraft made the first detailed field measurements of biomass burning (BB) emissions in the Northern Hemisphere tropics as part of the MILAGRO project. The aircraft were the National Center for Atmospheric Research C-130 and a University of Montana/US Forest Service Twin Otter. The initial emissions of up to 49 trace gas or particle species were measured from 20 deforestation and crop residue fires on the Yucatan peninsula. This included two trace gases useful as indicators of BB (HCN and acetonitrile) and several rarely, or never before, measured species: OH, peroxyacetic acid, propanoic acid, hydrogen peroxide, …

Biomass Burning And Urban Air Pollution Over The Central Mexican Plateau, J. D. Crounse, P. F. Decarlo, Donald R. Blake, L. K. Emmons, T. L. Campos, E. C. Apel, A. D. Clarke, A. J. Weinheimer, D. C. Mccabe, Robert J. Yokelson, J. L. Jimenez, P. O. Wennberg

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Observations during the 2006 dry season of highly elevated concentrations of cyanides in the atmosphere above Mexico City (MC) and the surrounding plains demonstrate that biomass burning (BB) significantly impacted air quality in the region. We find that during the period of our measurements, fires contribute more than half of the organic aerosol mass and submicron aerosol scattering, and one third of the enhancement in benzene, reactive nitrogen, and carbon monoxide in the outflow from the plateau. The combination of biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions will affect ozone chemistry in the MC outflow.

Microwave Syntheses And Thermal Gravimetric Analysis Of Trans-Hydrogen Bis(Dimethylsulfoxide)Tetrachlororuthenate(Iii), S. Chui, Mark Draganjac, E. Benjamin, B. Rougaeu

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

New Generation Of Electrochemical Sensors For Nitric Oxide;Ruthenium/Carbon-Based Nanostructures And Colloids As Electrocatalytic Platforms, W. Pubudu M. Peiris

ETD Archive

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important intercellular messenger that acts in many tissues to regulate a diverse range of physiological and pathological processes. The physiologically implications of NO function are far from being completely understood. The multifaceted reactivity of NO prompted the need for accurate determination of the concentration of this molecule. However, it is difficult to detect nitric oxide, particularly in biological media and near live cells due to its short half-life, a result of its reactivity and the low levels of NO produced in vivo. As a result, the accurate and reliable detection of NO under varying experimental …