Chemistry Commons^™

Study On The New Technique Of Cu Micro-Plating Based On Ceramics, Zhi-Jun Gu, Xiong-Chao Zhao, Qi-Long Guo, Yan-Ping Hong, Qun-Shan Deng, Ren-Huan Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

By combing the computer processing system (including the design of the line and the pattern, the choice of the scanning area and the treatment of the activation) with the electroless-plating technology, this article provides a new approach for the micro-plating based on the ceramics. The copper film based on ceramics with good properties can be obtained under the mild operating conditions. The line resolution is 35 μm and the wiring speed is 50 mm/s. The results had also showed that the quality of the copper plating is closely related to the roughness of the ceramic substrates.

Electrochemical Performance Of Gel Polymer Electrolyte Prepared By Thermal Initiating Polymerization Of Acrylates, Jin-Dan Piao, Li-Xia Yuan, Xin-Ping Ai, Han-Xi Yang, Yu-Liang Cao

Journal of Electrochemistry

A gel polymer electrolyte was prepared by thermal initiating polymerization of the acrylates in the EC/EMC/DMC electrolyte solution at 100℃. The LiCoO₂/MCMB polymer cells were assembled and their electrochemical properties were evaluated at various charge-discharge rate and temperatures. The ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte containing 85wt.% liquid electrolyte is around 3.2×10^-3 S·cm^-1  at 20℃ and 5.6×10^-4 S·cm^-1 at -30℃ respectively. The gel polymer electrolyte has good electrochemical stability up to 4.5V versus Li/Li⁺.The first charge-discharge efficiency of the polymer cell at 0.2C rate is almost 92.1%. The discharge capacity of the …

The Fabrication And Electrochemical Studies On Carbon Nanotube Array Electrodes, Quan-Yong Gao, Jing Zhang, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

An improved technique for fabrication of carbon nanotube array electrodes has been proposed in this work. Firstly, carbon nanotubes (CNs) array electrodes were prepared by combsination of Chemical Vapor Decomposition (CVD) method and sputtering techniques in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. The CNs/AAO was immersed into HF solution to remove the barrier layer. Controlling the immersing time, the CNs array electrodes with different length contacted with electrolyte can be prepared. The morphology of CNs array electrodes was observed by SEM. The electrochemical properties of CNs array electrodes were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetric curves of …

Studies On Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells ——Introduction Of The Studies On The Electrochemistry Of Conducting Polymers In Cas Key Laboratory Of Organic Solids (Ⅱ), Yong-Fang Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) is composed of a conjugated polymer(CP)/polymer electrolyte blend film sandwiched between an ITO anode and an Al cathode. When a bias voltage greater than Eg/e (where Eg is the energy gap of the CP, e is the electron charge) is applied on the two electrodes, the CP in the polymer blend film at the anode side will be oxidized (to form a p-doped region), and that at the cathode side will be reduced (to form a n-doped region), then a p-i-n junction will be produced. Light-emission occurs in the intrinsic region between the p- and …

Fabrication And Studies Of A Novel Ag/Agcl Reference Electrode In High Temperature Molten Chloride Salts, Pei Gao, Xian-Bo Jin, Di-Hua Wang, Xiao-Hong Hu, Zheng Chen

Journal of Electrochemistry

A new method for the easy fabrication of a stable and long life silver/silver chloride reference electrode in molten chloride salts is described in this paper. The method is based on the fact that simply placing the silica glass in molten NaCl or its vapour in the presence of oxygen resulted in satisfactory conductivity for sodium ion and possibly calcium ion in the material.The performance of such made electrode has been investigated in a few typical chloride systems at temperatures ranging from 400 to 900℃. Due to the wholly sealed construction, the reference electrode is stable, temperature-reversible, contamination free to …

A Study Of Metal Borides As High Capacity Anode Materials For Aqueous Primary Batteries, Ya-Dong Wang, Xin-Ping Ai, Han-Xi Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The transition metal borides VB₂ and TiB₂ were tested as high capacity anode materials and their electrochemical behaviors were studied by cyclic voltammetry and discharge measurements. The experimental results indicated that transition metal borides VB₂ and TiB₂ electrodes can deliver exceptionally high discharge capacity of over 3100 mAh/g and 1 600 mAh/g respectively, corresponding to 11- and 6-electron oxidation reaction, although their parent elements V, Ti and boron, are almost completely electrochemically inert. The different electrochemical activitis were probably due to the electrochemical activation of boron, which clamp the potential to passivation for Ti and activity …

Anodic Polarization Behaviors Of Carbon Steel In Bicarbonate Solution, Jing-Mao Zhao, Yu Zuo

Journal of Electrochemistry

The anodic polarization curves of mild steel were measured in sodium bicarbonate solution of various concentrations, and the surface products were analyzed by XPS. Two anodic current peaks and two passive zones are observed in all the curves. When HCO₃^- ions concentration is below 0.1mol/L, the two peaks are so close that the first passive zone is difficult to be observed. When HCO₃^- ions concentration is above 0.1 mol/L, the first peak appears clear, while the second becomes smaller. The XPS results indicate that the out layer of film formed at a higher potential is mainly …

In-Situ Measurements Of Single-Stranded Dna Hybridization And Cleavage By Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Long-Zhang Zhu, Yu-Xiang Gao, He-Bai Shen, Yong-Tao Yang, Lian-Qun Yuan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The use of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for in-situ monitoring the immobilization of single-stranded DNA(oligo-1), marked with mercaptol group at 5′ end, on the surface of gold-filled 7.995 MHz AT-cut quartz crystal by Au-S bond with self-assemble technique is reported. And then the hybridization of ssDNA with the complementary 10-mer ODN(oligo-2) and 8-mer ODN(oligo-3) is described. Moreover, the QCM has been employed to analyze the DNA cleavage by cerium(IV) ions under moderate conditions. The results showed that the QCM, which is capable of sensitive measurement, was able to in-situ investigate immobilization, hybridization and cleavage of ssDNA. And the cerium(IV) ions …

The Mechanism Of The Improvement On Cycling Performance And Thermal Stability Of Lini0.8Co0.2O2 By Ti-Doping, Han-San Liu, Jie Li, Zheng-Liang Gong, Zhong-Ru Zhang, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Improved cycling performance and enhanced thermal stability were observed for Ti-doped LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ cathode materials. The mechanism of these positive effects was investigated in this work. The improved cycling performance of Ti-doped cathodes is ascribed to the suppression of phase transitions and lattice changes during cycling, and the decrease of interfacial reaction activity between the cathode and electrolyte. The enhanced thermal stability of Ti-doped cathodes is attributed to the suppression of thermal decomposition reaction of delithiated cathode material, which will produce heat and oxygen gas as the cause of electrolyte decomposition and combustion reaction.

Preparation And Characterization Of Lini0.85Co0.10(Timg)0.025O2 As Cathode Materials For Lithium-Ion Batteries, Xian-Jun Zhu, Hong-Hao Chen, Hui Zhan, Dai-Ling Yang, Yun-Hong Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Cathode material of LiNi_0.85Co_0.10(TiMg)_0.025O₂ were prepared by solid state reaction at 725℃ for 24 h from LiOH·H₂O, Ni₂O₃, Co₂O₃, TiO₂ and Mg(OH)₂ under flowing oxygen, and were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, SEM and electrochemical tests. Effort to simultaneously doped LiNiO₂ with Co-Ti-Mg has been tried to improve the cathode performance. The results show that co-doping definitely has a large beneficial effect in increasing the capacity (182.7mAh/g of the first discharge capacity for  LiNi_0.85Co_0.10(TiMg)_0.025O_{2 …}

The Electrophoretic Deposition Of Nano Hydroxyapatite Coating On Titanium Surface, Fei Chen, Chang-Jian Lin, Zhou-Cheng Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A hydroxyapatite coating with nano-structure on the roughened titanium surface was prepared by electrophoretic deposition process. To decrease sintering temperature the HAp nanoparticles synthesizedby a wet chemical method was used. It is observed that the coating is uniform without cracks. After sintering the nano-strueture of HAp coating remains unchanged. The surface treatment of Ti is applied to form a distribution of small pits and TiO₂ thin layer that improve the adhesion of coatingto Ti substrate. It is shown that the bonding strength of coating is as high as 18±2.5MPa. The hardness and Young's modulus are 40.6 and 0.42 GPa, …

Application Of Carbon Paste Electrode On The Electrogenerative-Leaching Process Of Sulfide Minerals, Shao-Fen Wang, Zheng Fang, Yun-Yan Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The cyclic voltammetry curves of sulfide mineral electrodes or corresponding carbon paste electrodes in NaCl electrolytes have been obtained in this study. The experimental results indicate that acetylene black (revealed) the electro-catalytic propertyin the electrogenerative-leaching process of sulfide minerals. The output currentand potential of carbon paste electrodes were increased to some degrees while the activation energies were lower.

Preparation Of Poly (Bromophenol Blue) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode And Its Electrocatalytic Activity, Wei Chen, Hong-Bin Luo, Xin-Hua Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

A film of poly (bromophenol blue) was formed on a glassy carbon electrode by using cyclic voltammetry. A stable film could be obtained with a potential range from -1.0 V to +1.8 V (vs.Ag/AgCl). The experimental results showed that the poly (bromophenol blue) modified glassy carbon electrode could catalyse the oxidation of ascorbic acid. It decreased the oxidation potential by about 270mV but increased the peak current. Meanwhile, this electrode showed a good linear current response for the ascorbic acid range from 2.5 to 250 (g/mL).

Electrochemical Properties Of Polymeric Gel Electrolyte With Gbl/Ec As Plasticizers, Yu-Wen Liu, Yong Zhang, Xiao-Long Li, Qi-Ping Gu, Cui-Fen Zhang, Yu-Dong Huang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Polymeric gel electrolytes (GPE) based on PMMA and PVDF-HFP were prepared using the binary mixtures of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and ethylene carbonate (EC) as plasticizers. The ionic transport properties and electrochemical stability were studied. The room temperature conductivity reached 1.2 mS·cm^-1, electrochemical stability window exceeded 4.5V. The interfacial stability between GPE and lithium electrode was also investigated. The lithium metal polymer battery (LMPB) prepared with the GPE showed better charge and discharge life cycle when the the lithium metal electrode was treated with 1,4-dioxane.

Fabricationand Propertiesof Hydrophilic Thin Mea Used In Pemfc, Jian-Xin Ma, Bao-Lian Yi, Hua-Min Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, a hydrophilic thin MEA with 0.4 mg/cm² of Pt loading in a cathode was fabricated by a novel method, and its morphology and electrode performance were compared with those of a conventiona hydrophobicl MEA with 0.7mg/cm~2of Pt loading. Unlike the morphology of the conventional MEA, there were lots of stalactiticmicro-particles on the surface of the thin MEA, which increases the specificsurface of the catalyst layer in the electrode markedly. The electrochemical results showed that in the range of small current density (<1A/cm²), the performance of the thin MEA was inferior to that of conventional …

Preparation And Electrochemical Property Of Aao Nano-Channels Filled With Nio, Chi Gu, Jun-Mei Yan, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The AAO template with nano-channels was synthesized and filled with transient metal-oxide NiO by sol-gel method, and their electrochemical properties were primarily studied. The results showed that the porous nano-channels were well defined with the diameter about 50nm. The nano-structured NiO was filled into the template's nano-channels successfully. Cyclic voltammetry studies show that the NiO in AAO template has good cycle stability. It was suggested that the AAO-metal-oxides composites could be used as novel anode materials for Lithium ion battery.

Research On Phenol Wastewater Treatment By Electrochemical Oxidation, Tian-Cheng Li, Shen-Lin Zhu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical oxidation is an effective technology for the phenol wastewater treatment, and the anode properties are important to the electrochemical oxidationefficiency. The over-potentials of oxygen evolution have been measured for thestainless steel, feasible graphite and SnO₂/Ti anode respectively. Moreover, the synthetic phenol wastewater was treated by the electrochemical oxidation with the stainless steel or feasible graphite anodes. The experimental results showed that the order of the over-potential is SnO₂/Ti > graphite > stainless steel; meanwhile, the COD values of purified water were approaching to or less than 100 mg·L^-1, and the phenol concentrations in the purified …

Polarographic Method Of Acid Cyanine 5r And The Supramolecular System Of Acid Cyanine 5r With Cyclodextrins By Polarography, Fei Lu, Jing-Hao Pan, Ying-Te Wang, Yu-Jing Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

The polarographic method was employed to investigate the supermolecular system of acid cyanine 5R and with cyclodextrins. It was shown that the reducing peak formed by AC 5R in Na₂HPO₄-KH₂PO₄ solution at pH=7.0 was well-defined, stable and sensitive with a peak potential near -0.60 V (vs. SCE). Variations of AC 5R concentrations with the peak currents and the peak height of second derivative polarographs fell in the linear regions of 3×10^-8～6×10^-5 mol/L (r=0.9926～0.9991). The determining limit was 6×10^-9 mol/L, RSD was 1.16%(n=10) and the standard recovery was 95.9%～103.3%. The …

Temperature Dependence Of The Double Layer Capacitance For The Restricted Primitive Model Of An Electrolyte Solution From A Density Functional Approach, Douglas Henderson, J. Reszko-Zygmunt, Stefan Sokolowski, Dezso Boda

Faculty Publications

We apply a different version of the density functional theory, given by Pizio, Patrykiejew, and Sokolowski [J. Chem. Phys. 121, 11957 (2004)], for a nonuniform restricted primitive model of an electrolyte solution to evaluate the temperature dependence of the capacitance of an electric double layer. We show that this theory is capable of reproducing the computer simulation data at a quantitative level. In particular, the reversal of the temperature dependence of the capacitance at low temperatures is predicted. This phenomenon has been difficult to predict from theory. Further, this theory also leads to an accurate description of the double layer …

Method For Prevention Of Solid Dissolution Through Covalent Ligand Bonding, David A. Atwood

Chemistry Faculty Patents

Methods for preventing dissolution of solid substrates, such as metal leaching from coal or corrosion of metal surfaces, are provided.

To read the remainder of this abstract, please download this patent.

Preparation Of 2s,3s-N-Isobutyl-N-(2-Hydroxy-3-Amino-4-Phenylbutyl)-P-Nitrobenzenesulfonylamide Hydrochloride And Other Derivatives Of 2-Hydroxy-1,3-Diamines, Aslam A. Malik, Hasan Palandoken, Joy A. Stringer, Roland P. Carlson, John Leach, Thomas G. Archibald, Robert G. Miotke

Chemistry and Biochemistry

The present invention provides a new process for the preparation of 2S,3S-N-isobutyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-amino-4phenylbutyl)- p-nitrobenzenesulfonylamide hydrochloride, wherein this compound is prepared directly from the chloromethylalcohol. Importantly, the process of the present invention results in higher yields of 2S,3S-N-isobutyl-N-(2hydroxy -3 -amino -4-phenylbutyl) -pnitrobenzenesulfonylamide hydrochloride without sacrificing its purity. The processes of the present invention can be used to prepare not only the 2S,3S-derivative, but also the 2R,3S-, 2S,2R- and the 2R,3R-derivatives.

Developing A Genetic System For Functional Manipulations Of Fum1, A Polyketide Synthase Gene For The Biosynthesis Of Fumonisins In Fusarium Verticillioides, Fengan Yu, Xiangcheng Zhu, Liangcheng Du

Liangcheng Du Publications

Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium verticillioides, a filamentous fungus that is a widespread pathogen of corn. The biosynthesis of fumonisins is catalyzed by an iterative modular polyketide synthase (PKS). The study of the biosynthetic mechanism for these reduced fungal polyketides has been challenging due to the difficulties in detecting the intermediates with a linear carbon chain and manipulating the 7-domain PKS gene from the filamentous fungus. Here, we described the development of a genetic system for functionally manipulating the methyltransferase domain of FUM1 that is responsible for the assembly of a dimethylated 18-carbon chain. Using a two-stage screening strategy, …

Cystic Renal Neoplasia Following Conditional Inactivation Of Apc In Mouse Renal Tubular Epithelium, Chao Nan Qian, Jared Knol, Peter Igarashi, Fangming Lin

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

Alterations in Wnt/β-catenin signaling have been linked to abnormal kidney development and tumorigenesis. To gain more insights into the effects of these alterations, we created mice carrying a conditional deletion of the Apc tumor suppressor gene specifically in the renal epithelium. As expected, the loss of Apc leads to increased levels of β-catenin protein in renal epithelium. Most of these mice die shortly after birth, and multiple kidney cysts were found upon histological examination. Only rarely did these animals survive to adulthood. Analysis of these adults revealed severely cystic kidneys associated with the presence of renal adenomas. Our results confirm …

Basic Region Of Residues 228-231 Of Protein Kinase Ck1Α Is Involved In Its Interaction With Axin: Binding To Axin Does Not Affect The Kinase Activity, Pablo Sobrado, Ana Jedlicki, Victor H. Bustos, Catherine C. Allende, Jorge E. Allende

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Protein kinase CK1, also known as casein kinase 1, participates in the phosphorylation of β-catenin, which regulates the functioning of the Wnt signaling cascade involved in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis. β-catenin phosphorylation occurs in a multiprotein complex assembled on the scaffold protein axin. The interaction of CK1α from Dani rerio with mouse-axin has been studied using a pull-down assay that uses fragments of axin fused to glutathione S transferase, which is bound to glutathione sepharose beads. The results indicate that the three lysines present in the basic region of residues 228-231 of CK1α are necessary for the binding of CK1 to …

Green Photoluminescence From Platinum(Ii) Complexes Bearing Silylacetylide Ligands, Fei Hua, Solen Kinayyigit, John R. Cable, Felix Castellano

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The synthesis, structural characterization, photoluminescence properties, and density functional theory analysis of three Pt(II) diimine complexes, Pt(dbbpy)(CdropCR)(2) [dbbpy = 4,4'-di(tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine; R = -SiMe3, -CdropC-SiMe3, or -t-Bu], are presented. The Pt(dbbpy)(CdropC-tBu)(2) complex serves as a carbon-based ligand structure for which the photophysical properties of the two silicon-bearing complexes are compared in dichloromethane. Pt(dbbpy)(CdropC-SiMe3)(2) and Pt(dbbpy)(CdropC-CdropC-SiMe3)(2) display visible absorptions with strong green emission (lambda(emmax) = 526 and 524 nm, respectively) while Pt(dbbpy)(CdropCt-Bu)(2) displays efficient, long-lived yellow emission (lambda(emmax) = 557 nm). Direct side by side comparisons of Pt(dbbpy)(CdropC-SiMe3)(2) and Pt(dbbpy)(CdropC-t-Bu)(2) suggest that the difference in excited state energy results from the relative …

Synthesis Of Relatively Highly Magnetic Nano-Sized Nizn-Ferrite In Microemulsion At 45 Oc, Vuk Uskoković, Miha Drofenik

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The procedure for the preparation of NiZn-ferrite powder with average particle size of 10 nm and saturation magnetization of 50 emu/g by using precipitation reaction between acidified sulphate precursor salts and NH4OH as the precipitating agent in the water-in-oil domain of the microemulsion CTAB/1-hexanol/water at 45 oC is presented herein. TEM measurements have revealed relatively uniform morphology of the particles, which are associated in coral-like agglomerates. EDS measurements have been used for qualitative analysis of the sample, whereby FAAS measurement has been performed in order to reveal the proportion of the cations in the sample - Ni : Zn : …

Atomic Force Microscopy Investigation Of Virus Aggregation And Assembly At Chemical Templates Formed By Scanned Probe Nanolithography, Chin Li Cheung, S. -W. Chung, J. J. De Yoreo, A. Chatterji, T. Lin, J. E. Johnson

Barry Chin Li Cheung Publications

Aggregation and assembly of macromolecules are important processes in a number of scientific fields including structural biology, medicine, and materials science. For example, growth of well-ordered two-dimensional (2-D) arrays and bulk crystals remains the rate-limiting step in macromolecular structure determination. Uncontrolled aggregation of proteins is the source of a number of devastating pathologies such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome. Moreover, the demonstrated ability of engineered viruses and proteins to act as templates for growth of inorganic nanostructures is driving a need for methods to deterministically pattern their assembly at surfaces in order to fabricate hierarchical materials and devices.

Dissolution, Reactor, And Environmental Behavior Of Zro2-Mgo Inert Fuel Matrix: Neutronic Evaluation Of Zro2-Mgo Inert Fuels, E. Fridman, S. Kolesnikov, E. Shwageraus, A. Galperin

Fuels Campaign (TRP)

This report presents the results of the Task 3, defined in working program as: evaluation of burnable poison designs. Adopting the basic design of a standard PWR and Pu loadings required for 18-month cycle (results of Task 2), this part of the program is aimed to estimate performance of each BP design and BP material to address challenges of Fertile-Free Fuel (FFF) Concept. Finally, an optimal BP design will be developed and an overall feasibility of FFF concept will be determined. Basically, the main challenge encountered in neutronic design for a FFF core is to develop reactivity control system which …

Hydroxy Double Salt Anion Exchange Kinetics: Effects Of Precursor Structure And Anion Size, Everson Kandare, Jeanne Hossenlopp

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

H NMR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction have been used to explore the details of anion exchange reactions of two layered hydroxy double salts (HDSs), zinc copper hydroxy acetate (ZCA), nickel zinc hydroxy acetate (NZA), and a related layered material, zinc hydroxy acetate (ZHA), at room temperature (21−22 °C). Reactions that followed Avrami−Erofe'ev kinetics with respect to temporal profiles for acetate release, ZCA with butyrate (k = 1.7 × 10^-3 s^-1), and octanoate (k = 0.79 × 10^-3 s^-1) anions, as well as ZHA with octanoate (k = 2.6 × 10 …

Amyloid-Β Protofibrils Differ From Amyloid-Β Aggregates Induced In Dilute Hexafluoroisopropanol In Stability And Morphology, Michael Nichols, Melissa Moss, Dana Reed, Stephanie Cratic-Mcdaniel, Jan Hoh, Terrone Rosenberry

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

The brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients contain large numbers of amyloid plaques that are rich in fibrils composed of 40- and 42-residue amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Several lines of evidence indicate that fibrillar Aβ and especially soluble Aβ aggregates are important in the etiology of AD. Recent reports also stress that amyloid aggregates are polymorphic and that a single polypeptide can fold into multiple amyloid conformations. Here we demonstrate that Aβ-(1–40) can form soluble aggregates with predominant β-structures that differ in stability and morphology. One class of aggregates involved soluble Aβ protofibrils, prepared by vigorous overnight agitation of monomeric Aβ-(1–40) …