Chemistry Commons^™

The Research Of Nano-Sized Nio Anode Materials For Lithium Ion Batteries, Jun-Mei Yan, Jing Zhang, Yong Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The nano-sized NiO materials were synthesized by solid phase method and sol-gel method. The synthesis conditions were optimized by DSC and TG techniques. The sol-gel method was optimized by changing the solvent and regulating the solution's pH for preparing NiO material. The structure and morphology of the materials were also characterized by means of XRD and TEM techniques, and the electrochemical performances of the materials were studied by the galvanostatically charge and discharge experiments.

Post-Translational Regulation Of Adipose Differentiation-Related Protein By The Ubiquitin/Proteasome Pathway, John Tansey

Chemistry Faculty Scholarship

Adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) is localized to lipid droplets in most mammalian cells. ADRP, proposed to regulate
fatty acid mobilization and lipid droplet formation, is linked to lipid accumulation in foam cells of human atherosclerotic
lesions. In this report, we show that ADRP protein accumulates in Chinese hamster ovary fibroblastic cells cultured in the
presence of oleic acid but is destabilized when fatty acid sources are removed from culture serum. The latter effect was blocked
by the proteasome inhibitor MG132, whereas inhibitors of other proteolytic processes were ineffective. Pulse-chase experiments
confirmed that ADRP degradation is inhibited by MG132. Conditions that …

Pm Emission From A Commercial Jet Engine -- Project Apex, Donald E. Hagen, Philip D. Whitefield, Prem Lobo, Max B. Trueblood

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Project APEX (Aircraft Particle Emissions eXperiment) was a multi-agency commercial aircraft emission characterization and technology demonstration experiment. Its objective was to characterize particle and trace gas precursor species in the emissions from a NASA DC-8 aircraft with General Electric CFM56-2C1 engines at the engine exit plane as well as selected down stream locations. This was to advance the understanding of particle emissions and their evolution in the atmosphere from a current in-service turbofan engine. The test was conducted at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base California during April 15-30, 2004. Participants included the National Aeronautics …

Potential Energy Surface Around The Tropylium Ion., Kenneth Wayne Bullins

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The formation of the tropylium ion, C₇H₇⁺, in the mass spectrum of toluene is a chemical process that has been studied extensively in the past. The advances in computational power of personal computers have made the investigation of the pathway to form this ion and its subsequent decomposition feasible at a fairly high level of theory. The calculations that we performed were at the HF/6-31G (d, p) and the B3LYP/6-311++G (2d) levels. This work will show areas of the potential energy surface around the highly symmetric tropylium ion to give a glance of possible mechanisms …

Cell Toxicology Study Of Rrr-Alpha-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (Tpgs)., Clarisse Sornsay Muenyi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research focused on the cytotoxic properties of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) in transformed and cancerous cell lines. We used RAW264.7 macrophage and prostate cancer (LNCaP) cell lines in this study. TPGS caused cell death and decreased cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner. Cell death was evaluated fluorimetrically by employing the nucleic acid-binding fluorophore; propidium iodide. A colorimetric 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Cell death can occur through necrosis or apoptosis. Our results suggested that TPGS triggered apoptotic cell death. Induction of apoptosis, as measured by caspase …

Cell Toxicity And Uptake Of Rrr-Alpha-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (Tpgs) By Various Cell Ines In Vitro., Christelle Komguem Kamga

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research focused on investigating and comparing the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS, with that of alpha-tocopheryl succinate (α-TS). Both TPGS and α-TS are water-soluble forms of vitamin E with important clinical applications. Cytotoxicity assays with RAW 264.7 and LNCaP cells incubated overnight with TPGS or α-TS at concentrations ≥ 12.4 μM suggest that α-TS is more cytotoxic than TPGS. Macrophages were found to be more sensitive than LNCaP cells when treated with similar concentrations of α-TS. For both cell lines, most of the TPGS or α-TS taken up remained esterified after 24 hours. Our …

Electrochemical Remedy And Analysis For The Environment Based On The New Polymer-Dna Composite Material., Noor Feuza Hussain

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In this work a new material, the conducting polymer-DNA composite, has been reported for the first time due to its promise in micro extraction, transfer, and release of cations under controlled potential conditions by using electrochemically assisted solid phase micro extraction (SPME). The Polypyrrole/DNA composite can be formed easily by oxidation of pyrrole monomers in the presence of chromosomal DNA by electropolymerization. Environmental significant pollutants such as Cd, Pb, Hg, Co, Zn, Cu, and Bi metal ions can be extracted from the aqueous solution and are able to be transferred to another medium defined as the release solution where the …

Multiscale Modeling, Simulations, And Experiments Of Coating Growth On Nanofibers. Part Ii. Deposition, A. Buldum, C. B. Clemons, L. H. Dill, K. L. Kreider, G. W. Young, X. Zheng, Edward A. Evans, G. Zhang, S. I. Hariharan

Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering Faculty Research

This work is Part II of an integrated experimental/modeling investigation of a procedure to coat nanofibers and core-clad nanostructures with thin-film materials using plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposition. In the experimental effort, electrospun polymer nanofibers are coated with aluminum materials under different operating conditions to observe changes in the coating morphology. This procedure begins with the sputtering of the coating material from a target. Part I [J. Appl. Phys. 98, 044303 (2005)] focused on the sputtering aspect and transport of the sputtered material through the reactor. That reactor level model determines the concentration field of the coating material. This field serves …

Multiscale Modeling, Simulations, And Experiments Of Coating Growth On Nanofibers. Part I. Sputtering, A. Buldum, I. Busuladzic, C. B. Clemons, L. H, Dill, K. L. Kreider, G. W. Young, Edward A. Evans, G. Zhang, S. I. Hariharan, W. Kiefer

Chemical, Biomolecular, and Corrosion Engineering Faculty Research

This paper is Part I of an integrated experimental/modeling investigation of a procedure to coat nanofibers and core-clad nanostructures with thin-film materials using plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposition. In the experimental effort, electrospun polymer nanofibers are coated with aluminum under varying operating conditions to observe changes in the coating morphology. This procedure begins with the sputtering of the coating material from a target. This paper focuses on the sputtering process and transport of the sputtered material through the reactor. The interrelationships among the processing factors for the sputtering and transport are investigated from a detailed modeling approach that describes the salient …

Low-Temperature Activation Conditions For Pamam Dendrimer Templated Pt Nanoparticles, Anil Singh, Bert D. Chandler

Chemistry Faculty Research

Surface immobilized polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer templated Pt nanoparticles were employed as precursors to heterogeneous catalysts. CO oxidation catalysis and in situ infrared spectroscopy were used to evaluate conditions for dendrimer removal. Infrared spectroscopy showed thatPAMAMdendrimer amide bonds begin decomposing at temperatures as low as 75 °C. Although the amide stretches are completely removed after 3 h of oxidation at 300 °C, 16 h were required to reach maximum catalytic activity. Further treatment under oxidizing or reducing atmospheres did not cause substantial changes in activity. Infrared spectroscopy of the activated materials indicated that organic residues, probably surface carboxylates, are formed during …

A Nested-Pcr With An Internal Amplification Control For The Detection And Differentiation Of Bartonella Henselae And B. Clarridgeiae: An Examination Of Cats In Trinidad, Joanne Rampersad, John D. Watkins, Michael S. Samlal, Raymond Deonanan, Shalini Ramsubeik, David Ammons

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Background

Bartonella species are bacterial blood parasites of animals capable of causing disease in both animals and man. Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD) in humans is caused mainly by Bartonella henselae and is acquired from the cat, which serves as a reservoir for the bacteria. A second species, B. clarridgeiae is also implicated in the disease. Diagnosis of Bartonellosis by culture requires a week or more of incubation on enriched media containing blood, and recovery is often complicated by faster growing contaminating bacteria and fungi. PCR has been explored as an alternative to culture for both the detection and species identification of …

Tris(1,10-Phenanthroline)Cobalt(Ii) Triiodide, Meredith A. Tershany, Andrea M. Goforth, Mark D. Smith, Leroy Peterson Jr., Hans-Conrad Zur Loye

Faculty Publications

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(C₁₂H₈N₂)₃](I₃)₂, contains one [Co(1,10-phenanthroline)₃]²⁺ cation, half each of two centrosymmetric triiodide anions, and one complete triiodide anion. The title compound was synthesized solvothermally from Co(NO₃)₂, 1,10-phenanthroline, and SnI₂, where the SnI₂ reagent serves only as a source of I atoms.

Computational And Esr Studies Of Electron Attachment To Decafluorocyclopentane, Octafluorocyclobutane, And Hexafluorocyclopropane: Electron Affinities Of The Molecules And The Structures Of Their Stable Negative Ions As Determined From ¹³C And 19f Hyperfine Coupling Constants, Adel M. Elsohly, Gregory S. Tschumper, Richard A. Crocombe, Jih Tzong Wang, Ffrancon Williams

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

High-resolution ESR spectra of the ground-state negative ions of hexafluoro cyclopropane (c-C3F6.-), octafluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8.-), and decafluorocyclopentane (c-C5F10.-) are reported and their isotropic 19F hyperfine coupling constants (hfcc) of 198.6 ± 0.4 G, 147.6 ± 0.4 G, and 117.9 ± 0.4 G, respectively, are in inverse ratio to the total number of fluorine atoms per anion. Together with the small value of 5.2 ± 0.4 G determined for the isotropic 13C hfcc of c-C4F8.-, these results indicate that in each case the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) is delocalized over the equivalent fluorine's and possesses a nodal plane through the carbon …

(2+1) Resonance Enhanced Ionization Spectroscopy Of A State Selected Beam Of Oh Radicals, Margaret E. Greenslade, Marsha I. Lester, Dragana C. Radenovic, Andre J.A. Van Roij, David H. Parker

Chemistry

A state-selected beam of hydroxyl radicals is generated using a pulsed discharge source and hexapole field. The OH radicals are characterized by resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy via the nested D  and 3  Rydberg states. Simplified spectra are observed from the selected ∣M_J∣ = 3/2 component of the upper Λ-doublet level of the lowest rotational state (J = 3/2) in ground (v″ = 0) and excited(v″ = 1–3) vibrational levels of the OH X  state. Two-photon transitions are observed to the D (v′ = 0–3) and 3 (v′ …

The Clearance Of Protein-Bound Solutes By Hemofiltration And Hemodiafiltration, Timothy W. Meyer, Jason L. Walther, Maria Enrica Pagtalunan, Andres W. Martinez, Ali Torkamani, Patrick D. Fong, Natalie S. Recht, Channing R. Robertson, Thomas H. Hostetter

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Background. Hemofiltration in the form of continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) is increasingly used to treat acute renal failure. Compared to hemodialysis, hemofiltration provides high clearances for large solutes but its effect on protein-bound solutes has been largely ignored.

Methods. Standard clinical systems were used to remove test solutes from a reservoir containing artificial plasma. Clearances of the protein-bound solutes phenol red (C_PR) and indican (C_IN) were compared to clearances of urea (C_UREA) during hemofiltration and hemodiafiltration. A mathematical model was developed to predict clearances from values for plasma flow Q_p, …

Spectroscopic Studies Of Inclusion Host-Guest Complexes Between Cyclophane Corrals And Polcyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Mark O'Brien

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Cyclophanes are macromolecules that are known to effectively bind with molecules to form host-guest complexes. Several cyclophane molecules, referred to as corrals (1-6) by their founders, have been synthesized. The characterization of these compounds and their complexes has been investigated using combined spectroscopic and theoretical methods. Hostguest interactions of cyclophane-anthracene (C-A), cyclophane-9-fluorenone (C-F) and cyclophane-pyrene (C-P) complex systems in dichloromethane are presented in this thesis. The stability constants, log Ka, for the C-A, C-F and C-P complexes are determined using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. Heats of formation of corral 2 complexes were determined by measuring the complex association constants at …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Polyaminopolycarboxylic Acid Analogs Of Edta And Their Transition Metal Complexes, Martha Watson

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Polyaminopolycarboxylic acids have been studied for their ability to complex with various transition metal ions. Polyaminopolycarboxylic acids are of particular interest due to their ability to form multiple chelate rings with transition metal ions. Three analogs of EDTA have been successfully synthesized and characterized by i3C NMR: 1,3 PDTA (1,3-propylenediaminetetraacetic acid), 1,3-PDTP (1,3-propylenediaminetetrapropionic acid) and EDTP (ethylenediaminetetrapropionic acid). These ligands were then combined with copper (II), iron (III), cobalt (II) and nickel (II) to form complexes. The complexes formed were analyzed using UV-Vis, and the stability constants of the complexes were determined using potentiometry.

Measurements Of Secondary Organic Aerosol From Oxidation Of Cycloalkenes, Terpenes, And M-Xylene Using An Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Roya Bahreini, Melita D. Keywood, Nga L. Ng, Varuntida Varutbangkul, Song Gao, Richard C. Flagan, John H. Seinfeld, D. R. Worsnop, J. L. Jimenez

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

The Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) was used to characterize physical and chemical properties of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed during ozonolysis of cycloalkenes and biogenic hydrocarbons and photooxidation of m-xylene. Comparison of mass and volume distributions from the AMS and differential mobility analyzers yielded estimates of “effective” density of the SOA in the range of 0.64−1.45 g/cm³, depending on the particular system. Increased contribution of the fragment at m/z 44, CO₂⁺ ion fragment of oxygenated organics, and higher “Δ” values, based on ion series analysis of the mass spectra, in nucleation experiments …

Chlorella Virus-Encoded Deoxyuridine Triphosphatases Exhibit Different Temperature Optima, Yuanzheng Zhang, Hideaki Moriyama, Kohei Homma, James L. Van Etten

Hideaki Moriyama Publications

A putative deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) gene from chlorella virus PBCV-1 was cloned, and the recombinant protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein has dUTPase activity and requires Mg²⁺ for optimal activity, while it retains some activity in the presence of other divalent cations. Kinetic studies of the enzyme revealed a K_m of 11.7 μ M, a turnover k_cat of 6.8 s^-1, and a catalytic efficiency of k_cat/K_m = 5.8 x 10⁵ M^-1 s^-1. dUTPase genes were cloned and expressed from two other chlorella viruses …

Surface Functionalization Of Polymer Substrates And Nanoparticles Via Pulsed Plasma Polymerization Process, Jing Wu

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses - Archive

This thesis investigates the RF plasma polymerizations of chlorinated saturated linear monomer 1,1,1-trichloroethane and the dicarboxylic citraconic acid. It utilizes a variable duty cycle plasma technique to provide film chemistry control during the plasma polymerization process. Film chemical compositions and deposition rates were characterized as functions of the plasma processing conditions. In each system studied, spectroscopic analyses revealed that large progressive changes in film compositions were obtained with sequential variations in plasma duty cycles in the plasma polymerization of both 1,1,1-trichloroethane and citraconic acid. The plasma approach was also employed to modify the surfaces of nanoparticles. Thin polymeric films, produced …

Impact Of Palmitic Acid Coating On The Water Uptake And Loss Of Ammonium Sulfate Particles, R. M. Garland, M. E. Wise, M. R. Beaver, H. L. Dewitt, A. C. Aiken, J. L. Jimenez, M. A. Tolbert

CUP Faculty Research

While water insoluble organics are prevalent in the atmosphere, it is not clear how the presence of such species alters the chemical and physical properties of atmospheric aerosols. Here we use a combination of FTIR spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS) to characterize ammonium sulfate particles coated with palmitic acid. Coated aerosols were generated by atomizing pure ammonium sulfate, mixing the particles with a heated flow of nitrogen with palmitic acid vapor, and then flowing the mixture through an in-line oven to create internally mixed particles. The mixing state of the particles was probed using the …

Fluorescent Photoinduced Electron Transfer (Pet) Cation Sensors Derived From Natural Products, Kenny Loo

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Two new second generation fluorescent switches that are based on the chromophore-spacer-receptor architecture are reported in this thesis. The fluorescence modulation of these switches is a result of quenching or initiating photoinduced electron transfer (PET) between the chromophore and the receptors due to cation binding. These two molecules utilize an alkaloid, anabasine, as the proton receptor, and function as fluorescent off-on-off switches with decreasing pH. One of these molecules also utilizes a coumarin as the chromophore, making it the first rationally designed fluorescent PET system based on natural products. Further studies of two well-known first generation fluorescent switches to achieve …

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies On Thioxolone Compounds As Inhibitors Of Human Carbonic Anhydrase Ii, Jared Nyabuto Orwenyo

Masters Theses

Carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) is a zinc metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. The role of this reaction in physiology has made it a target of many therapeutic approaches. Most CA II inhibitors currently known are sulfonamide-based and this is the only functional group incorporated into rationally designed CA II inhibitors. Thioxolone (6-hydroxy-1, 3-benzoxathiol-2-one), is a non-sulfonamide that has been found to have CA II inhibitory activity.

Thioxolone and its analogs were studied to evaluate the inhibition activity that can be achieved upon modification of the thioxolone molecule. IC₅₀ values and dissociation constants were determined …

Design, Synthesis And Characterization Of Nanosensors For Nerve Gas Agents, Thushara Gunasinghe

Masters Theses

This research is focused on the design synthesis and characterization of nanosensors to detect the nerve gas agents such as sarin at very low concentration levels (parts per billion and lower) which is very important to combat terrorism. Nanosensors constructed by the bottom up approach could provide the low sensitivity levels and high selectivity required for nerve gas detection. The sensing mechanism exploits the inherent properties of nanomaterials and signal amplification by signal transduction. The components of a nanoparticle-fluorescent monomer-nanomolecule-receptor (NMNR) sensor have been designed, synthesized, and characterized successfully. Interaction of the components of NMNR sensor with a model nerve …

Investigation Of The Anisotropy Of Dissipation Processes In Single Crystal Of Yba2cu3o7-D System, J Chigvinadze, A. Lashvili, Juana Acrivos, T. Machaidze, T. Wolf

Faculty Publications, Chemistry

By means of contactless mechanical method of the measurement of energy losses in superconductors, the anisotropy of dissipation processes has been studied in single crystal high-temperature layered superconductors of Yba2Cu3O7-d system, being in mixed state. The observed anisotropy of energy losses indicates the possibility of the existence of the symmetry of order parameter of dx2-y2 type in these single crystals.

A Short Synthesis Of The Common Dihydropyran Segment Of The Antifungal Agents Ambruticin And Jerangolid A, Julie Lukesh, William A. Donaldson

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The dihydropyranyl segment common to ambruticin and jerangolid A was prepared in six steps (31.7% yield) from (S)-2-benzyloxypropanal via silyloxydiene cyclocondensation, followed by C-glycosidation, and eventual epimerization at C18.

47th Rocky Mountain Conference On Analytical Chemistry

Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance

Final program, abstracts, and information about the 47th annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry, co-endorsed by the Colorado Section of the American Chemical Society and the Rocky Mountain Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Denver, Colorado, July 31 - August 4, 2005.

A Modified Poisson–Boltzmann Analysis Of The Capacitance Behavior Of The Electric Double Layer At Low Temperatures, Douglas Henderson, L. B. Bhuiyan, C. W. Outhwaite

Faculty Publications

The modified Poisson–Boltzmann theory is used to analyze the anomalous behavior of the electric double layer capacitance for small surface charge at low temperatures and densities. Good agreement is found with simulation and recent density-functional theory results. Negative adsorption is also found in line with theory and simulation. An unsatisfactory feature is the relatively poor structure in this region due to the inherent approximations in the theory. This feature is unimportant in relation to the capacitance results but has implications when calculating adsorption properties.

Incorporation Of Factor Va Into Prothrombinase Is Required For Coordinated Cleavage Of Prothrombin By Factor Xa, Michael A. Bukys, Melissa A. Blum, Paul Y. Kim, Nicole Brufatto, Michael E. Nesheim, Michael Kalafatis

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Prothrombin is activated to thrombin by two sequential factor Xa-catalyzed cleavages, at Arg271 followed by cleavage at Arg320. Factor Va, along with phospholipid and Ca2+, enhances the rate of the process by 300,000-fold, reverses the order of cleavages, and directs the process through the meizothrombin pathway, characterized by initial cleavage at Arg320. Previous work indicated reduced rates of prothrombin activation with recombinant mutant factor Va defective in factor Xa binding (E323F/Y324F and E330M/V331I, designated factor VaFF/MI). The present studies were undertaken to determine whether loss of activity can be attributed to selective loss of efficiency at one or both of …

Hard-Sphere Radial Distribution Function Again, Andrij Trokhymchuk, Douglas Henderson, Ivo Nezbeda, Jan Jirsak

Faculty Publications

A theoretically based closed-form analytical equation for the radial distribution function, g(r), of a fluid of hard spheres is presented and used to obtain an accurate analytic representation. The method makes use of an analytic expression for the short- and long-range behaviors of g(r), both obtained from the Percus-Yevick equation, in combination with the thermodynamic consistency constraint. Physical arguments then leave only three parameters in the equation of g(r) that are to be solved numerically, whereas all remaining ones are taken from the analytical solution of the Percus-Yevick equation.