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Articles 61 - 90 of 218
Full-Text Articles in Chemistry
Stepwise Reduction Of Non-Planar Molecular Nanocarbons : From Functionalized Bowls To Helicenes And Nanohoops, Zheng Zhou
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Molecular nanocarbons, which can be considered as fragments of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, or graphene, have stimulated the rapid development of carbon chemistry at the molecular level in recent decades. Molecular nanocarbons possess not only outstanding chemical and physical properties stemming from their parent carbon allotropes, but also present such unique features as controllable and scalable synthetic conditions, defined molecular compositions, uniform size, and relatively good solubility. These advances of molecular nanocarbons over conventional carbonaceous materials give rise to the development of such applications as electron transfer, energy transport and storage. However, future progress of these technologically-important fields requires a superior …
Identification And Analysis Of Body Fluid Traces For Forensic Purposes Using Vibrational Spectroscopy And Chemometrics, Ewelina M. Mistek-Morabito
Identification And Analysis Of Body Fluid Traces For Forensic Purposes Using Vibrational Spectroscopy And Chemometrics, Ewelina M. Mistek-Morabito
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Recent years have seen a large expansion in the forensic field due to the introduction of novel analytical techniques. Body fluids are an extremely important type of evidence at crime scenes and the main source of DNA. Most current methods for the identification and examination of body fluid traces require chemical treatment and are therefore destructive to the sample. Thus, new methods that are nondestructive and provide rapid results with statistical confidence are desirable. Such methods could eliminate noninformative traces and allow investigators to focus on more valuable pieces of evidence. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop …
Ozone And Reactive Oxidized Nitrogen Chemistry In The Northeast U.S, Matthew Ninneman
Ozone And Reactive Oxidized Nitrogen Chemistry In The Northeast U.S, Matthew Ninneman
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Ongoing reductions in oxides of nitrogen concentrations ([NOx] = nitric oxide ([NO]) + nitrogen dioxide ([NO2])) throughout the continental United States (U.S.) have important implications for tropospheric ozone (O3) and reactive oxidized nitrogen chemistry (NOy ≈ NOx + nitric acid (HNO3) + particle nitrate (pNO3) + peroxy nitrates (PNs) + alkyl nitrates (ANs)). Specifically, decreasing [NOx] concentrations have likely (1) increased the sensitivity of O3 to the [NOx] level, and (2) affected NOy speciation and partitioning. An understanding of the impacts of continued [NOx] reductions is needed to inform current and future air pollution control strategies, especially since the National …
Novel Bioreactor Technology For Real Time In-Cell Nmr, Leonard Breindel
Novel Bioreactor Technology For Real Time In-Cell Nmr, Leonard Breindel
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Long has it been the goal of biochemists to observe a protein within the cellular environment allowing the true nature of a protein function to be determined within a cell. To understand the nature of a protein within a cell, the role of the cellular environment must be considered when determining the function as a protein. The cellular environment is a crowded place filled with macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins that all interact with one another affecting the function of a protein. Intracellular macromolecules can reach concentrations of 300 g/L and occupy 30% of the available space in …
Towards Machine Learning In Chemical Sensing : Milk Differentiation And Quality Control Through Two-Dimensional Nano-Sensor Array, Yu Sheng Chen
Towards Machine Learning In Chemical Sensing : Milk Differentiation And Quality Control Through Two-Dimensional Nano-Sensor Array, Yu Sheng Chen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Herein, we developed a novel artificial tongue using machine learning and 12 nanoassemblies (2D-NAs) to identify and analyzed different kinds of milk beverages for quality control. This biomimetic sensor array was trained to “taste” different milk types as an “artificial tongue” which is the first time we demonstrated that this sensor array can be implemented to complex systems. Two-dimensional nanoparticles (2D-nps) and nine fluorescently labeled single stranded oligonucleotides (ssDNA) with different length and nucleobases were assembled to create 12 2D-NAs. The artificial tongue was deployed to identify and analyze five milk types. All five milk types were discriminated with 95% …
Elemental Composition And Arsenic Speciation Analysis Of Processed Seafood Products Using Atomic Spectrometric Techniques, Austin A. Roberts
Elemental Composition And Arsenic Speciation Analysis Of Processed Seafood Products Using Atomic Spectrometric Techniques, Austin A. Roberts
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Arsenic (As) is a widely known toxic element that is highly ubiquitous and has been detected in soil, sediment, naturals waters, the atmosphere, and in organisms of the 5 kingdoms. The toxicity of As however, is dependent on the molecular form in which it takes as well as the route of exposure. For the general population, exposure to As mainly takes place via ingestion of food and water, which have led to numerous studies investigating As and it’s various species in these matrices. Seafood is one of the major sources of dietary exposure to As and has thus led to …
Biochemical And Chemical Methods Of Key Derivation For Cryptographic Ciphers, Leif K. Mcgoldrick
Biochemical And Chemical Methods Of Key Derivation For Cryptographic Ciphers, Leif K. Mcgoldrick
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Cryptography is a vital component of digital communication and digital data in general. The use of cryptography is necessary to support the veracity of data and to protect it from outside parties with malicious intent. Cryptography focuses on two main facets that are vital for this goal: data encryption and user authentication. Encryption protects the data by transforming it into an encrypted text that would not allow someone access without having or breaking the encryption method that was used to make it. User authentication is a multiple part process that allows for one to be able to identify oneself to …
Utilizing Raman Spectroscopy And Chemometrics For Novel Medical Diagnostic Purposes, Nicole M. Ralbovsky
Utilizing Raman Spectroscopy And Chemometrics For Novel Medical Diagnostic Purposes, Nicole M. Ralbovsky
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Many problems exist within the myriad of currently employed diagnostic techniques. Further, an incredibly wide variety of procedures are used to identify an even greater number of diseases which exist in the world. There is a definite unmet clinical need to improve the diagnostic capabilities of these methods, including improving test sensitivity and specificity, objectivity and definitiveness, and reducing cost and how invasive a test is, with an interest in replacing multiple diagnostic methods with one powerful tool. That is, the development of a singular technique which can accurately and objectively diagnose a wide variety of diseases in a cost-effective …
Displacement Using Fentanyl And Bullet Analysis Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Henry Hance
Displacement Using Fentanyl And Bullet Analysis Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Henry Hance
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Opioids are substances that bind to opioid receptors in the central nervous system and can be endogenous, naturally occurring opium alkaloids derived from opium poppy or semi-synthetic and or synthetic compounds.1 Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that has flooded the US market in the last decade. Synthetic opioid deaths increased by 100% from 2015 to 2016.2 The synthetic opioid is still used to treat severe chronic pain and during surgeries as an anesthetic, but has flooded the black market through illegal means. Fentanyl is prescribed in the forms of patches and lozenges, but can be abused and illegal sold in …
Nmr Based Studies Of Interactions Between Ribosomes And Glycolytic Enzymes, Devin Bryan Busch
Nmr Based Studies Of Interactions Between Ribosomes And Glycolytic Enzymes, Devin Bryan Busch
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Recent research has been performed to better understand what implications ribosome-mediated quinary interactions have on cellular growth. These studies demonstrated that ribosomal binding to enzymes, and their cofactors, can cause significant changes in their enzymatic activity leading to a proposal that ribosome surfaces play a greater regulatory in cellular growth than thought of in the past. To widen the scope of investigations performed on these ribosomal-mediated quinary interactions, the regulatory enzymes associated in glycolysis (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase) were titrated into a solution of 70S E. coli ribosome and analyzed via 1H-15N-HSQC NMR. The perturbations of the peaks associated …
Investigation Of Underpotential Deposition Of Copper At Heated Gold Loop Screen-Printed Electrodes In A Variety Of Water Samples, Eun-Ju Lee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
To study the underpotential deposition (UPD) of copper, three different types of water samples (TraceSelect® Ultra-pure water, Indian pond water at University at Albany and tap water) are used at a heated gold loop screen-printed electrode (GLE), which is a new type of heated working electrode for voltammetry measurements that is able to directly detect the copper content in the water samples. The anodic stripping analysis of copper is performed with these gold loop electrodes at room temperature of 25 °C and electrode temperature of 80 °C at two different deposition potentials, -0.20 V and +0.10 V. Furthermore, the concentration …
Optimal Excitation Wavelength For Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of Organic Gunshot Residue Evidence, Ashley Hull
Optimal Excitation Wavelength For Raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of Organic Gunshot Residue Evidence, Ashley Hull
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Gunshot residue (GSR) is a type of trace evidence that can often be recovered at violent crime scenes. There are two major types of GSR, organic gunshot residue (OGSR), and inorganic gunshot residue (IGSR). Traditional forensic analysis of GSR focuses on IGSR, although with the movement towards lead-free, or non-toxic ammunition, IGSR analysis has become less informative, as lead is a major component of IGSR analysis. Because of this, OGSR has been investigated to supplement the standard IGSR analysis methods. Previous work has shown Raman spectroscopy to be effective at identifying OGSR as well as a minimally destructive and specific …
Preparation And Characterization Of Light Sensitive Tetrafluoro-Lambda6-Sulfanyl-Containing Polymers, Kelly A. Bonetti
Preparation And Characterization Of Light Sensitive Tetrafluoro-Lambda6-Sulfanyl-Containing Polymers, Kelly A. Bonetti
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The addition of the pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) group to an unsaturated organic starting material became popular in the 1960s, following the widening commercial availability of SF5Cl and SF5Br. However, the free radical reaction conditions required limited a broader appreciation of this critical advance. Moreover, while important thermal, photochemical and free-radical initiated addition reactions were reported, the unique photosensitivity of these compounds was not well understood. In 2012, a scalable synthetic route was developed affording aryl-SF5-containing derivatives via a novel aryl-SF4Cl intermediate. As a result, a heightened interest in hypervalent fluorinated sulfur containing materials was renewed. In 2014, the visible light addition …
Development Of Dual Functional Dna/Rna Nanostructures For Drug Delivery, Vibhav Amit Valsangkar
Development Of Dual Functional Dna/Rna Nanostructures For Drug Delivery, Vibhav Amit Valsangkar
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In addition to the traditional biochemical functions, DNA and RNA have been increasingly studied as building blocks for the formation of various 2D and 3D nanostructures. DNA has emerged as a versatile building block for programmable self-assembly. DNA-based nanostructures have been widely applied in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, molecular computation and macromolecular scaffolding. A variety of strategies have been developed to functionalize these nanostructures. The major advantage is that DNA is a very stable molecule and its base-pairing properties can be easily utilized to control and program the formation of desired nanostructures. In addition, some of these DNA/RNA nanostructures have …
Mixed-Valent Heterometallic Molecular Precursors : Expansion Into 4d Transition Metals, Jesse Caleb Carozza
Mixed-Valent Heterometallic Molecular Precursors : Expansion Into 4d Transition Metals, Jesse Caleb Carozza
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Hydrogen fuel can provide an ideal carbon-free energy carrier wherever water is available, be that on Earth or throughout the solar system. The use of water electrolysis to split water molecules into contaminant-free hydrogen gas, suitable for use in fuel cells, and oxygen gas allows also for storage of excess electrical energy during periods of high production and low demand, and an easy path to release that stored energy when demand is high and active supply is low. However, liberating hydrogen from water is an energy-intensive process, and effective electrocatalysts that reduce the amount of energy wasted by the reaction …
Bioaffinity-Based Methods For Forensic, Biometric, And Clinical Purposes, Mindy Elizabeth Hair
Bioaffinity-Based Methods For Forensic, Biometric, And Clinical Purposes, Mindy Elizabeth Hair
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Biomarker analysis is a well-established discipline that involves the evaluation of biological samples for the presence of various substances indicative of personal attributes or illnesses. Sweat is one example of a biological fluid that is often overlooked for forensic and clinical analyses, even though it can contain DNA, various amino acids, and other low molecular weight compounds.1–3 The work presented in this dissertation focuses on the use of bioaffinity-based assays to quantify biomarkers in sweat for both forensic and clinical applications. The concentration of the biochemical content within an individual’s sweat are controlled by hormone-based metabolic pathways4 that fluctuate daily …
Raman Spectroscopic Examination Of Bloodstains For Forensic Purposes : Background And Race Determination, Ewelina M. Mistek
Raman Spectroscopic Examination Of Bloodstains For Forensic Purposes : Background And Race Determination, Ewelina M. Mistek
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Chapter 1 of this thesis critically overviews recent developments in forensic trace evidence analysis since 2016. It covers improvements to existing techniques as well as new methods for the analysis of fibers, hair, paint, glass, gunshot residue (GSR), and explosives.
Development Of Laser Ablation Direct Analysis In Real Time Imaging-Mass Spectrometry (Ladi-Ms)-Applications To Questions Of Relevance To Forensic Science And Plant Biochemistry, Kristen Leigh Fowble
Development Of Laser Ablation Direct Analysis In Real Time Imaging-Mass Spectrometry (Ladi-Ms)-Applications To Questions Of Relevance To Forensic Science And Plant Biochemistry, Kristen Leigh Fowble
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Methods for the accomplishment of small molecule imaging by mass spectrometry are challenged by the need for sample pre-treatment steps such as cryo-sectioning, dehydration, chemical fixation, or application of a matrix or solvent, that must be performed to obtain interpretable spatial distribution data. Furthermore, these steps along with requirements of the mass analyzer such as high vacuum, can severely limit the range of sample types that can be analyzed by this powerful method. Here, we report the development of a laser ablation-direct analysis in real time imaging-mass spectrometry (LADI-MS) approach which couples a 213 nm Nd:YAG solid state UV laser …
Novel Mass Spectrometric Approaches For Deciphering The Epitranscriptomic Code, William D. Mcintyre
Novel Mass Spectrometric Approaches For Deciphering The Epitranscriptomic Code, William D. Mcintyre
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
According to the results of the Human Genome Project, less than 5% of our genome consists of sequences that code for actual proteins. At the same time, however, ~90% of these non-coding sequences are transcribed into a myriad of classes of ribonucleic acids collectively known as ncRNAs, which have been recognized as essential regulatory factors. It has been recently shown that the activity of ncRNAs can be in turn modulated by post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs), covalent marks that can be established/removed by tightly regulated enzymatic pathways. Now, the race is on to understand the new set of controls of cellular functions …
Modeling Chaperone-Substrate Interactions Of Alpha Crystallin From The Ocular Lens, Lisa Marie S. Ramirez
Modeling Chaperone-Substrate Interactions Of Alpha Crystallin From The Ocular Lens, Lisa Marie S. Ramirez
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The α-crystallins (αA- and αB-crystallin isoforms) from the ocular lens are small heat shock proteins and molecular chaperones, widely believed to play a significant role in protecting the lens from cataract. Mutations and modifications on human αA- and αB-crystallin (HAA and HAB, respectively) are linked to a variety of diseases, including cataract formation, neuropathological protein folding disorders, and many others. It is believed that HAA and HAB prevent the aggregation of other lens proteins. However, the structural and thermodynamic details of the chaperone-substrate (aka “client”) interaction are sparse. Therefore, the main objective of this dissertation is to reveal structural and …
Characterizing Body Fluids With Raman Spectroscopy : Towards Real World Application, Marisia Ann Fikiet
Characterizing Body Fluids With Raman Spectroscopy : Towards Real World Application, Marisia Ann Fikiet
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This project continues the research on a new method of body fluid identification and furthers its field capabilities. This method of identification uses Raman spectroscopy and advanced chemometrics to distinguish between body fluids. It is an improvement on current methods because it is confirmatory, non-destructive, and has simple sample preparation. The first objective of this research is to create a model for differentiating body fluids for a new desktop instrument. It was determined that due to resolution differences from a research grade instrument, a new model needed to be made for this the desktop instrument. This model will be able …
Permanently Heated Micro-Wire Electrodes For Electrochemistry Above The Boiling Point, Zhihua Chang
Permanently Heated Micro-Wire Electrodes For Electrochemistry Above The Boiling Point, Zhihua Chang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Heated micro-wire electrodes offer lots of advantages, such as, accurate temperature control, enhanced diffusion and accelerated reaction kinetics through micro-stirring effect, easy cleaning, and low cost, etc. Its application in high temperature electrochemistry has gained lots of interests since its debut in the mid-1990s. A maximum of 250 °C has been reported using heating pulses in duration of 5 ms. For various applications, permanently heating would be more useful. In this study, two types of micro-wire electrodes were successfully developed for electrochemistry above the boiling point with acetaminophen as model compound and a continuous heating time of at least 2 …
Synthesis Of Cadmium Arsenide Semiconductor Nanoparticles, Superatomic Silver Clusters, And Silver Coordination Polymers, Sarthak Jashubhai Patel
Synthesis Of Cadmium Arsenide Semiconductor Nanoparticles, Superatomic Silver Clusters, And Silver Coordination Polymers, Sarthak Jashubhai Patel
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Nanomaterials have chemical, electronic, optical, and other properties distinct from their bulk counterparts. However, the atom-precise synthesis of these materials remains a challenge, leaving open many scientific questions regarding the size regime between nanoparticulate (quantum confined) and bulk character. In this work, efforts toward the synthesis of nanoparticulate and atom-precise metal and semimetal materials are described. The synthesis of II-V semiconductor Cd3As2 having a near-zero bandgap is discussed. Analysis by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction indicate the formation of material with unexpected crystallinity and absorption properties The interaction between the molecular source of As and the solvent was …
Protein Ligation : Selenocysteine, Komal Shah
Protein Ligation : Selenocysteine, Komal Shah
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Selenium is present in human and animal body in the form of selenocysteine and
Chemical Enhancement Of Thrombin Binding Aptamer (Tba), Goh Woon Lee
Chemical Enhancement Of Thrombin Binding Aptamer (Tba), Goh Woon Lee
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The Thrombin Binding Aptamer (TBA), a short DNA strand with G-quadruplex conformation, binds to Thrombin with high affinity and acts as an inhibitor in the blood clotting. The TBA folds into a G-quadruplex conformation and stabilize the binding toward Thrombin. With this specificity of TBA with Thrombin, our goal is to enhance the binding affinity between them to observe the possibility of developing a new anticoagulant. First modification that we studied was dendrimer linkers which are called Trebler (T) and Long Trebler (LT). Those linkers were incorporated at the 5’ end of TBA by using solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Second …
Evaluation Of Fingerprint Content For Forensic Crime Scene Analysis And Drug Metabolite Detection, Erica Kathryn Brunelle
Evaluation Of Fingerprint Content For Forensic Crime Scene Analysis And Drug Metabolite Detection, Erica Kathryn Brunelle
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
With respect to criminal investigations, one key piece of evidence that often gets overlooked are fingerprints. For years, fingerprint samples have been believed to be useful only for matching purposes using their unique ridges, shapes, and sizes. With the rapid growth of forensic science, it has become evident that the development of fingerprint analysis has been stagnant. The traditional approach has been advantageous for the identification of many individuals; however, many fingerprint samples have been labeled “unusable” due to smudging, smearing, or any one of a myriad of reasons that could cause inconclusive matches. These samples can, however, still be …
Characterization Of Ambient Aerosols And Their Evolution Under Various Atmospheric Conditions In The Northeast U.S, Jie Zhang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The University at Albany Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC) mobile laboratory, which includes a High Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), and several gas sensors, etc., has been used to characterize atmospheric aerosols and air quality at different locations in the Northeastern US (including urban, forest, and mountain areas) and the aerosol evolutions under a variety of atmospheric conditions (including extreme weather, fog, and cloud, etc.). In this dissertation, I present the findings of the several field measurements using the ASRC mobile lab, focusing on the influences of extreme events (including high O3, heatwave, …
Legislation To Reduce Microplastic Pollution : Understanding The Factors That Facilitated Passage Of The Federal Microbead-Free Waters Act Of 2015, Alyson Kelly Northrup
Legislation To Reduce Microplastic Pollution : Understanding The Factors That Facilitated Passage Of The Federal Microbead-Free Waters Act Of 2015, Alyson Kelly Northrup
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The full environmental impacts of microplastic pollution in aquatic environments remain uncertain, but several detrimental effects have been documented, including adverse health effects in multiple species and the susceptibility of microplastics to adsorb toxins and leach plastic additives. Plastic microbeads from rinse-off personal care products are a source of microplastic pollution that is introduced directly into the environment through runoff, including wastewater treatment plant effluent. In December 2015, the federal Microbead-free Waters Act of 2015 banned the manufacture and sale of all rinse-off personal care products containing plastic microbeads in the United States.
Sers For Protein Detection At A Single Molecule Level For Developing A New Medical Diagnostics Platform, Lamyaa Almehmadi
Sers For Protein Detection At A Single Molecule Level For Developing A New Medical Diagnostics Platform, Lamyaa Almehmadi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A two-step process of protein detection at a single molecule level using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) was developed as a new platform for medical diagnostics in this proof-of-concept study. First, a protein molecule was bound to a linker in the bulk solution and then this adduct was chemically reacted with the SERS substrate. Traut’s Reagent (TR) was used to thiolate Bovine serum albumin (BSA) in solution followed by chemical cross linking to a gold surface through a sulfhydryl group. A Glycine-TR adduct was used as a control sample to identify the protein contribution to the SER spectra. Gold SERS …
Defining And Harnessing Nature's Selection Of Geranylation In Rna Modification, Phensinee Haruehanroengra
Defining And Harnessing Nature's Selection Of Geranylation In Rna Modification, Phensinee Haruehanroengra
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Natural RNAs utilize extensive chemical modifications to diversify their structures and functions. Geranylated-2-thiouridine is a special hydrophobic tRNA modification that has been discovered very recently in several bacteria, namely E. coli, E. aerogenes, P. aeruginosa and S. typhimurium by Liu group. It has been found as a post-transcription modification on the wobble position of anticodon of tRNAs specific for glutamic acid, glutamine and lysine. Geranylated-tRNA was shown to correct the frameshifting during the translation of E. coli. However, the reason of the existing of the modification is still largely unclear. To understand why nature incorporates such a hydrophobic group in …