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Articles 121 - 150 of 218
Full-Text Articles in Chemistry
A Laser-Pulse Photolysis Study Of The Mechanism Of Potentiation Of The Glua2qflip Ampa Receptors By Cx546, Yu-Chuan Shen
A Laser-Pulse Photolysis Study Of The Mechanism Of Potentiation Of The Glua2qflip Ampa Receptors By Cx546, Yu-Chuan Shen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Insufficient activity of the α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate ion channels is involved in neurological disorders and developmental problems, such as schizophrenia, one of the most serious psychiatric diseases. Use of regulatory agents to enhance AMPA receptor activity under the circumstance has been shown therapeutically beneficial. Specifically, small-molecule compounds generally termed as potentiators or positive modulators of AMPA receptors have long been pursued as drug candidates for a potential treatment of these neurological disorders and diseases. The goal of my MS thesis work is to investigate the mechanism of potentiation on AMPA receptor by a classic potentiator known as CX546. The …
Chemical Reduction Of Planar And Curved Polyarenes : From Group I To Group Ii Metals, Natalie Jean O'Neil
Chemical Reduction Of Planar And Curved Polyarenes : From Group I To Group Ii Metals, Natalie Jean O'Neil
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
To further advance energy storage materials research, the structural studies of carbonaceous compounds intercalated with alkali and alkaline earth metal ions are of great interest and importance. Structure-property relationships of electrode and superconductive materials can be better understood with the gained fundamental knowledge stemming from a synergistic use of solid state and solution studies. Due to the polymeric structures and insolubility in common solvent of intercalated carbonaceous materials, studies of structures and properties must be conducted on smaller subunits. Planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can serve as models for the infinite π-carbon layers of graphite or graphene, while nonplanar PAHs …
Site-Specific Functionalization Of Corannulene : Tailoring Structures And Properties, Cristina Dubceac
Site-Specific Functionalization Of Corannulene : Tailoring Structures And Properties, Cristina Dubceac
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (also referred to as buckybowls or π-bowls) are curved polyarenes that are structurally related to fullerenes. Corannulene, the smallest buckybowl which maps onto a one-third of the surface of C60, provides a great platform for functionalization. Various synthetic methods have been developed over the years to give access to a wealth of corannulene derivatives with many different properties and practical applications. In this work, we report on the controlled functionalization of the corannulene interior, while also employing the addition of different functionalities to its periphery for fine-tuning of the packing and bowl properties.
Mechanisms Of Euv Exposure : Photons, Electrons And Holes, Amrit Kausik Narasimhan
Mechanisms Of Euv Exposure : Photons, Electrons And Holes, Amrit Kausik Narasimhan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The microelectronics industry’s movement toward smaller and smaller feature sizes has necessitated a shift to Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) lithography to be able to pattern sub 20-nm features, much like earlier shifts from i-line to 248 nm. However, this shift from 193-nm lithography to EUV (13.5 nm) poses significant obstacles. EUV is the first optical lithography to operate in an energy range (92 eV per photon vs. 6.4 eV per photon for 193 nm lithography) above the electron binding energies of common resist atomic species. This significant energy increase complicates resist design. For exposures of equal dose, resists receive 14 times …
Homo- And Heterometallic Bis(Pentafluorobenzoyl)Methanide Complexes Of Copper(Ii) And Cobalt(Ii), Janell Crowder
Homo- And Heterometallic Bis(Pentafluorobenzoyl)Methanide Complexes Of Copper(Ii) And Cobalt(Ii), Janell Crowder
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
β-Diketones are well known to form metal complexes with practically every known metal and metalloid. Metal complexes of fluorinated β-diketones generally exhibit increased volatility and thermal stability compared to the non-fluorinated analogues, and thus are used extensively in various chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes for the deposition of metal, simple or mixed metal oxides, and fluorine-doped metal oxide thin films. Furthermore, the electron-withdrawing nature of the fluorinated ligand enhances the Lewis acidity of a coordinatively unsaturated metal center which facilitates additional coordination reactions. The physical and structural properties of fluorinated β-diketonate complexes are discussed in Chapter 1 …
A Kinetic Study Of Regulation Of Glua1 Homomeric And Heteromeric Ampa Receptors By 2,3-Benzodiazepines, Yin-Shuo (Andrew) Wu
A Kinetic Study Of Regulation Of Glua1 Homomeric And Heteromeric Ampa Receptors By 2,3-Benzodiazepines, Yin-Shuo (Andrew) Wu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
AMPA receptors are a subtype of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family. They are ligand-gated or glutamate-activated, transmembrane ion channels that mediate the majority of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. AMPA receptors are essential for neuronal development and brain functions, including learning and memory. Over-activation of calcium permeable AMPA receptors has been linked to some neurological diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Inhibitors of glutamate receptors are therefore drug candidates for the potential treatment of these neurological diseases. One of the most promising classes of AMPA receptor antagonists is 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives, thought to be …
Coupling Of Sterically Demanding Peptides By Strain Driven Beta-Thiolactone Mediated Native Chemical Ligation, Yunxian Xiao
Coupling Of Sterically Demanding Peptides By Strain Driven Beta-Thiolactone Mediated Native Chemical Ligation, Yunxian Xiao
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The association between sterically requesting peptidyl destinations is hard to accomplish. The ligation between amino acids, for example, Val-Val has been ended up being amazingly testing with ordinary NCL strategies that are depending on exogenous thiol added substances. Besides, the extra of overabundance measures of outer thiol activators, for example, a 4-mercaptophenylacetic corrosive (MPAA) impede the consequent desulfurization, and it needs the additional progression to be expelled. Although various methodology has been produced to encourage MPAA expulsion, reverse phase preparative HPLC purification remains the best. Nevertheless, the additional purification decreases response proficiency and yield. Thus, we report a β-thiolactone-mediated additive-free …
Investigating The Role Of Epitranscriptomics In Viral Immunity, Kaycie S. Lawson
Investigating The Role Of Epitranscriptomics In Viral Immunity, Kaycie S. Lawson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The characterization of host-virus relationships is essential for understanding the process of viral replication and driving the development of effective viral targeting strategies. In this work, I tested the hypothesis that ribonucleic acid (RNA) post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) may play a significant role in defining host-virus interactions. The model system consisted of a yeast strain capable of harboring the endogenous L-A virus, which allowed me to evaluate the possible involvement of PTMs in the process of cellular immunity to virus-borne toxicity. A mass spectrometry-based platform was utilized to compare the global PTM profile of wild-type yeast with those of the same …
Further Development Of Raman Spectroscopy For Body Fluid Investigation : Forensic Identification, Limit Of Detection, And Donor Characterization, Claire K. Muro
Further Development Of Raman Spectroscopy For Body Fluid Investigation : Forensic Identification, Limit Of Detection, And Donor Characterization, Claire K. Muro
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The challenges to forensic body fluid analysis have placed limitations on the type of information that investigators can acquire and how that information can be collected. In recent years, Raman spectroscopy has proven itself useful for characterizing body fluids. In 2008, a large-scale investigation was undertaken to explore the use of Raman spectroscopy as a means of identifying body fluids. This work resulted in multidimensional Raman spectroscopic signatures for the five main body fluids: semen, peripheral blood, saliva, vaginal fluid, and sweat. These studies were incredibly successful and created the foundation for years of continued research. Accordingly, the studies included …
Structural Characterization Of The Interactions Of Nicotinamide And Analogs With Human Sirt6 By Saturation Transfer Difference (Std) Nmr And Site Directed Mutagenesis, Beatriz Elena Bolivar-Vega
Structural Characterization Of The Interactions Of Nicotinamide And Analogs With Human Sirt6 By Saturation Transfer Difference (Std) Nmr And Site Directed Mutagenesis, Beatriz Elena Bolivar-Vega
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The allosteric regulation of SIRT6 by nicotinamide (NAM), along with the growing evidence of this enzyme's key role in the immune response, prompted the mechanistic study of SIRT6 inhibition by pyrazinamide (PZA) and analogs. In our current study, PZA, an analog of NAM, was revealed to have a modest modulatory effect on SIRT6, an enzyme that regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway at the transcriptional level (a relevant pathway to inflammation). Similarly, the analogs of PZA, 5-Cl PZA, 5-MeO PZA, and POA exhibited a modulatory effect against SIRT6 in our in vitro studies, enabling identification of a potential new target for …
Synthetic Study Toward Lycopodium Alkaloids Via A Common Bicyclic Intermediate, Michaela Cara Vertorano
Synthetic Study Toward Lycopodium Alkaloids Via A Common Bicyclic Intermediate, Michaela Cara Vertorano
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The lycopodium alkaloids are a family of over 270 naturally occurring compounds, many of which are bioactive. Therefore, developing an efficient manner by which these alkaloids can be synthesized could be incredibly useful in studying their potential medicinal benefits. Herein, steps toward this goal were accomplished. A bicyclic ring structure was synthesized in few steps from commercially available starting materials. This structure can be viewed as a key intermediate from which several lycopodium alkaloids could be synthesized in relatively few steps. The ring system was subject to an aza-Prins cyclization reaction to synthesize the alkaloids lycopodine. Unfortunately the current synthetic …
Degradation And Exciton Energy Transfer Studies In Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Bundles, Abhishek Gottipati
Degradation And Exciton Energy Transfer Studies In Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Bundles, Abhishek Gottipati
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) due to their unique optical behavior, large surface area, robust mechanical strength and electrical properties make them one of the ideal candidates for sensing and opto-electronic applications. In this work, we explore the energy transfer (exciton energy transfer-EET) phenomena occurring between nanotubes in bundles, using resonance Raman spectroscopy.
An Investigation Of The Uptake, Distribution, And Accumulation Of Lead And Other Trace Elements In Caprine Brain Tissues Using Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Amy Joanna Steuerwald
An Investigation Of The Uptake, Distribution, And Accumulation Of Lead And Other Trace Elements In Caprine Brain Tissues Using Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, Amy Joanna Steuerwald
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Exposure to toxic elements and dysregulation of essential elements have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the importance of trace elements in neurological function, little is known regarding their uptake and distribution within brain tissues. Even less is known regarding the impact of toxic metal exposure (i.e., Pb) on endogenous metals within the brain.
Development Of Direct Analysis In Real Time-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (Dart-Hrms) And Statistical Analysis Tools For The Identification And Classification Of Psychoactive Plant Drugs, Ashton Danielle Lesiak
Development Of Direct Analysis In Real Time-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (Dart-Hrms) And Statistical Analysis Tools For The Identification And Classification Of Psychoactive Plant Drugs, Ashton Danielle Lesiak
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In current forensic testing, a new pattern is emerging where the drugs that are submitted to crime labs for analysis are no longer restricted to well-characterized substances such as cocaine, heroin and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The appearance of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in forensic laboratories, including synthetic alternatives to scheduled substances and plant-based psychotropics, has highlighted issues that traditional analytical methods such as gas chromatography- and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry impose in the characterization of these samples. These can include lengthy extractions, derivatization steps, pH adjustments and/or a host of other procedures. Since the creation of legislation to address the use of …
Mutational Studies Of The Receptor For Advanced Glycation End Products (Rage) Inhibition, Sarah Corte
Mutational Studies Of The Receptor For Advanced Glycation End Products (Rage) Inhibition, Sarah Corte
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
The Chemistry Of New Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds And The Molecular Basis Of Olfaction, Berenice Dethier
The Chemistry Of New Garlic-Derived Organosulfur Compounds And The Molecular Basis Of Olfaction, Berenice Dethier
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Garlic is a very popular condiment that has been used around the world for centuries. It is also a source of a remarkably extensive range of organosulfur compounds, whose chemistry is the focus of this thesis. The central reaction in formation of these compounds is the enzymatic cleavage of alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxides by alliinases, which leads to sulfenic acids. The latter can then undergo condensation and rearrangement into various organosulfur compounds. Three aspects of the chemistry of garlic have been investigated in this thesis.
Study Of Protein-Protein Interaction By Using In-Cell Nmr In Human Cells, Asma Salem M Aldousary
Study Of Protein-Protein Interaction By Using In-Cell Nmr In Human Cells, Asma Salem M Aldousary
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
We developed a new technology to study protein-protein interaction in mammalian cells. This technology is based high resolution of Nucleic Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Using this technology we studied interaction between the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE). RAGE- is a multiligand receptor of immunoglobulin receptor family that is activated by a multitude of ligands. Activation of RAGE results in signal transduction that leads to the inflammatory response implicated in the complications of Diabetes. RAGE is an emergent drug target that has been explored for the variety of pathologist including cancers, neurological disorders, inflammatory disease, and diabetes. and Intracellular effector …
The Use Of Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry For The Structural Elucidation Of Progressively Larger Nucleic Acids, Jennifer Lynn Lippens
The Use Of Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry For The Structural Elucidation Of Progressively Larger Nucleic Acids, Jennifer Lynn Lippens
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The biomedical community and pharmaceutical industry have come to rely in ever
Fine Particulate Air Pollution In Saudi Arabia : Implications For Cardiopulmonary Morbidity, Shedrack Rujooga Nayebare
Fine Particulate Air Pollution In Saudi Arabia : Implications For Cardiopulmonary Morbidity, Shedrack Rujooga Nayebare
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Fine particulate (PM2.5) air pollution is a major issue in Saudi Arabia. Though the health effects of exposure to PM2.5 have been extensively studied in developed countries of Europe and North America, this research is yet to be done in developing countries of Africa, some parts of Asia and the Middle East including Saudi Arabia. This is the first comprehensive assessment of PM2.5 air pollution in Saudi Arabia describing the major emission sources as well as assessing the association of daily exposures to PM2.5 and its chemical constituents with cardiopulmonary morbidity.
Application Of Encoded Microparticles Fabricated By Standard Lithography On Multiplexed Bioassay, Muhan He
Application Of Encoded Microparticles Fabricated By Standard Lithography On Multiplexed Bioassay, Muhan He
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Suspension microarray, has become a popular candidate for multiplexed bioassay since its advent. Unlike traditional planar microarray, suspension microarray permits the probes suspended in aqueous solution while keeping their addresses, and possesses many advantages such as large available binding surface, rapid reaction rate, high multiplexing ability, and high sensitivity and specificity. Photolithography, the technology widely utilized for production of abundant microparticles as carrier in suspension microarray, was investigated by many researchers. However, there was still not a mature, efficient method to produce microparticles with low background, easily recognized identity and good hybridization capacity. To address those issues, we developed a …
Preparation, Chemistry, And Characterization Of Hypervalent Organosulfur Fluorides, Paul R. Savoie
Preparation, Chemistry, And Characterization Of Hypervalent Organosulfur Fluorides, Paul R. Savoie
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Since the discovery of the pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) group around the 1960s, progress in exploring the chemistry of aliphatic SF5-containing compounds stagnated because of a lack of efficient synthetic methods. More recent developments in the preparations of SF5-containing compounds afforded easier access to these compounds, and sparked great interest in exploring their chemistry. Chapter 1 discusses the development of efficient methods used to prepare SF5-containing aliphatic compounds.
Novel Nmr Based Technologies To Study Macromolecular Structures, Subhabrata Majumder
Novel Nmr Based Technologies To Study Macromolecular Structures, Subhabrata Majumder
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) is one of the principle tools in structural biology to probe macromolecular structures and interactions. The atomic resolution afforded by this technique has been widely used to probe protein-protein, and protein-ligand interactions in-vitro. However, the natural milieu of the proteins is the living cell and the cellular cytoplasm is extremely heterogeneous. The NMR studies of folded protein in-cell, till now, have been limited by non-specific interactions of the cytosol. This thesis outlays a general methodology to study protein structure/interactions inside the living cells using NMR. In a closely related objective, it also describes the use …
Structure And Stability Of Amyloid Fibrils Studied By Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, Marudachalam Shanmugasundaram
Structure And Stability Of Amyloid Fibrils Studied By Advanced Vibrational Spectroscopy, Marudachalam Shanmugasundaram
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Protein misfolding often leads to the formation of refractory protein aggregates like amyloid fibrils. These fibrils possess a highly ordered structure and are implicated in over 25 severe diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and prion diseases. This work was focused on understanding the morphology and conformation of amyloid fibrils and their stability after formation. The deconstruction of fibrils as well as other aggregates like inclusion bodies under mild conditions was also investigated using Archaeal chaperones.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Rnomics : Global Surveys Of Ribonucleotide Modifications As Possible Indicators Of Cell Identity, Epigenetic, Metabolic And Pathological State, Rebecca Erin Rose
Mass Spectrometry-Based Rnomics : Global Surveys Of Ribonucleotide Modifications As Possible Indicators Of Cell Identity, Epigenetic, Metabolic And Pathological State, Rebecca Erin Rose
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Discovery of the regulatory roles of non-protein coding RNAs (ncRNAs), once considered “junk” or “transcriptional noise”, has prompted a reassessment of the significance of the multifaceted activities of RNA in cellular response, which can result in cell transformation and diseased states. This reassessment, however, can only be accomplished if techniques are developed to capture, characterize and quantify the more than 100 covalent post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) that adorn natural RNAs. Undoubtedly, the creation of high-throughput platforms such as next-generation sequencing and RNA-seq have provided unparalleled accuracy and sensitivity, however, they rely on strand amplification procedures that are blind to the known …
Luminescence Of Lanthanide Ions In Octahedral Coordinations With Comparison To The Centroid Shift And Host Lattice Exciton Energy, Sam J. Camardello
Luminescence Of Lanthanide Ions In Octahedral Coordinations With Comparison To The Centroid Shift And Host Lattice Exciton Energy, Sam J. Camardello
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In this dissertation, we have studied the luminescence of the lanthanide ions (Ce3+, Eu2+, Eu3+, Tb3+, and Pr3+), specifically in the highly symmetric octahedral coordination. This high symmetry coordination readily permits the optical properties of the luminescent ions to be determined spectroscopically. Relevant optical parameters such as the Stokes Shift (∆S), red shift (D(2+, 3+, A), crystal field splitting (Ɛcfs), and centroid sift (Ɛc), along with the excitation and emission spectra, are presented. Three different crystal structures were studied, namely, M2+Al2B2O7 (M2+ = Ca, Sr, Ba) doped with Eu2+ and Ce3+, KBaLn3+(BO3)2 (M3+ = all lanthanides, Y, Sc) doped with …
Fluorinated Hypervalent Sulfur Compounds In Synthesis, Cortney Von Hahmann
Fluorinated Hypervalent Sulfur Compounds In Synthesis, Cortney Von Hahmann
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The polar and steric effects of pentafluorosulfanyl (SF5) substitution on selectivity and reactivity were investigated in the ketene imine [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. The kinetic resolution of racemic aldimines rely on the stereocontrol of cyclization by dipolar substituent effects. Functionalized SF5-bearing β-lactams are used in the preparation of conformationally constrained SF5-containing β-amino acids and peptides, in the study of novel antibacterial agents and in the design of new β-lactamase inhibitors.
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (Icvd) Polymer Thin Films : Structure-Property Effects On Thermal Degradation And Adhesion, Vijay Jain Bharamaiah Jeevendrakumar
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (Icvd) Polymer Thin Films : Structure-Property Effects On Thermal Degradation And Adhesion, Vijay Jain Bharamaiah Jeevendrakumar
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Opportunities and challenges for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of polymer thin films stems from their applications in electronics, sensors, and adhesives with demands for control over film composition, conformity and stability. Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is a subset of the CVD technique that conjoins bulk free-radical polymerization chemistry with gas-phase processing. The novelty of iCVD technique stems from the use of an initiator that can be activated at low energies (150 – 300 °C) to react with surface adsorbed monomer to form a polymer film. This reduces risk for potential unwarranted side-reactions.
An Investigation Of Alkaline Earth And Rare Earth Elements In Human Bone Following Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition, Aubrey L. Galusha
An Investigation Of Alkaline Earth And Rare Earth Elements In Human Bone Following Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition, Aubrey L. Galusha
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This investigation focused on a unique collection of archived human bones obtained post-mortem from 7 patients, who had received long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) for up to 21 years. Parenterals are administered intravenously as a nutritional supplement, and may be contaminated with metals, which are completely absorbed into the blood compartment. Some metal contaminants may be deposited in the body’s reservoir for inorganic elements – bone.
Distributions And Formations Of Hono In The Troposphere, Dennis Pu
Distributions And Formations Of Hono In The Troposphere, Dennis Pu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important reactive nitrogen species and a precursor to the hydroxyl radical. It plays important roles in reactive nitrogen recycling and in photo-oxidant formation in the troposphere. However, much is still unknown about its formation mechanisms and distributions in the troposphere. This research is part of NOMADSS (Nitrogen, Oxidants, Mercury, and Aerosol Distributions, Sources and Sinks) field study contributed by over 10 research groups in the United States to investigate the tropospheric chemistry of reactive nitrogen, mercury, oxidant and aerosols. One of the goals was to study the HONO distribution and formation mechanisms in the troposphere. …
Characterization Of Metallic And Semimetallic Oxide Nanoparticles In Industrial Wastewater And Associated Toxicity, Gary Roth
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) play an increasing role in manufacturing and consumer products. Currently, there is no standard approach to studying ENM toxicity, and a growing body of literature suggests that ENMs may have toxicity differing from similar compounds in bulk or dissolved form. I examined ENMs used in the semiconductor manufacturing process called chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) for their properties, removal in the wastewater treatment system (WWT), in-vitro toxicity, and location post-inhalation in-vivo. It was found that ENMs in CMP slurries have morphology determined by their elemental composition, but assessment of size and concentration can differ substantially between accepted techniques. Particles …