Chemistry Commons^™

A Public Health Perspective On Gen X Contamination In Drinking Water, Allison Stevens

Honors Capstone Enhancement Presentations

No abstract provided.

Investigation Of Glucose Oxidation At Gold Nanoparticles Deposited At Carbon Nanotubes Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode By Theoretical And Experimental Methods., Farhat Saira, Humaira Razzaq, Misbah Mumtaz, Safeer Ahmad, Muhammad Aftab Rafiq, Azra Yaqub, Nabiha Dilshad, Ayesha Ihsan, Muhammad Masood Ul Hasan

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In the current research work, AuNPs-CNTs nanocomposite was synthesized chemically and decoration of AuNPs on the surface of MWCNTs was confirmed by UV-Vis, SEM and XPS analysis. Synthesized nanocomposite was utilized for its application towards non-enzymatic glucose sensing by modifying glassy carbon electrode with nanocomposite employing electrochemical techniques. In addition, theoretical calculations were performed by Density Functional Theory (DFT), employing B3YLP with basis set 6- 311+G(d,p) in gaseous phase and LANL2DZ basis set. Both theoretical and experimental results predicted Au-CNTs composite as a better candidate for glucose oxidation as compared to CNTs and AuNPs alone, owing to the synergistic effect …

Nf-Κb Inhibitors Attenuate Mcao Induced Neurodegeneration And Oxidative Stress—A Reprofiling Approach, Awais Ali, Fawad Ali Shah, Alam Zeb, Imran Malik, Arooj Mohsin Alvi, Lina Tariq Alkury, Sajid Rashid, Ishtiaq Hussain, Najeeb Ullah, Arif Ullah Khan, Phil Ok Koh, Shupeng Li

All Works

© Copyright © 2020 Ali, Shah, Zeb, Malik, Alvi, Alkury, Rashid, Hussain, Ullah, Ullah Khan, Koh and Li. Stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. About 87% of stroke cases are ischemic, which disrupt the physiological activity of the brain, thus leading to a series of complex pathophysiological events. Despite decades of research on neuroprotectants to probe for suitable therapies against ischemic stroke, no successful results have been obtained, and new alternative approaches are urgently required in order to combat this pathological torment. To address these problems, drug repositioning/reprofiling is explored extensively. Drug repurposing aims to identify …

Characterization Of Dimerization Domains On The Mannose-6-Phosphate/Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 Receptor, Tyler Degener

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

The mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 (M6P/IGF2) receptor is a transmembrane protein with the ability to sequester growth factors from the extracellular matrix. This behavior links the receptor to tumor suppression. On a structural level, the extracellular portion of the protein is segmented into 15 homologous repeats, which can be divided further into 5 triplet domains, labelled 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, and 13-15. Each triplet receptor displays its own unique ligand binding affinity, including the ability to form dimers with triplets on a second M6P/IGF2 receptor. In fact, previous studies indicate that this protein functions optimally when dimerized. Thus, the purpose …

Yeast Copper Proteins And Reactive Oxygen Species In Effecting Lifespan, Megan Bestwick

Post-Grant Reports

Mitochondria are essential organelles in most eukaryotic cells because of their role in metabolism and the production of ATP by the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway, as well as other key cellular processes. Metal cofactors, such as copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), are incorporated into OXPHOS protein complexes of yeast located within the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Misincorporation or modulation of these available metals in mitochondrial enzymes leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are reactive molecules containing oxygen such as peroxides, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Yeast are a good model for studying aging and the effect …

Polymers For Extrusion‐Based 3d Printing Of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials–Process Perspective, Mohammad A. Azad, Deborah Olawuni, Georgia Kimbell, Abu Zayed Badruddoza, Md. Shahadat Hossain, Tasnim Sultana

Publications and Research

Three dimensional (3D) printing as an advanced manufacturing technology is progressing to be established in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome the traditional manufacturing regime of ʹone size fits for allʹ. Using 3D printing, it is possible to design and develop complex dosage forms that can be suitable for tuning drug release. Polymers are the key materials that are necessary for 3D printing. Among all 3D printing processes, extrusion‐based (both fused deposition modeling (FDM) and pressure‐assisted microsyringe (PAM)) 3D printing is well researched for pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is important to understand which polymers are suitable for extrusion‐based 3D printing of pharmaceuticals …

Detection Of A Peptide Hormone - Somatostatin - Label-Free Split-Aptameric Probes, Charles A. Dowis

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Peptide hormones are important biomolecules that transduce downstream effects such as cell proliferation, regulation, and gene expression. Their levels have been upregulated in various disorders such as cancer, yet detection methods are lacking. We designed two split aptamer-based assays for the detection of a peptide hormone – Somatostatin (SST) – with different signal readouts: fluorescent readout based on light-up aptamers and the colorimetric readout of ABTS peroxidation from a G-quadruplex. We used an already selected split-aptamer –SSTA5–for SST for our designs and we had expected the developed detection systems to exhibit detection and quantification capabilities that would hopefully allow their …

Synthesis, Characterization, Dna Binding, Topoisomerase Inhibition, And Apoptosis Induction Studies Of A Novel Cobalt(Iii) Complex With A Thiosemicarbazone Ligand, Stephen J. Beebe, Michael J. Celestine, Jimmie L. Bullock, Shayna Sandhaus, Jessa Faye Arca, Donald M. Cropek, Tekettay A. Ludvig, Sydney R. Foster, Jasmine S. Clark, Floyd A. Beckford, Criszcele M. Tano, Elizabeth A. Tonsel-White, Raj K. Gurung, Courtney E. Stankavich, Yuk-Ching Tse-Dinh, William L. Jarrett, Alvin A. Holder

Bioelectrics Publications

In this study, 9-anthraldehyde-N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone (MeATSC) 1 and [Co(phen)₂(O₂CO)]Cl·6H₂O 2 (where phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized. [Co(phen)₂(O₂CO)]Cl·6H₂O 2 was used to produce anhydrous [Co(phen)₂(H₂O)₂(NO₃)₃ 3. Subsequently, anhydrous [Co(phen)₂(H₂O)₂] (NO₃)₃ 3 was reacted with MeATSC 1 to produce [Co(phen)₂(MeATSC)](NO₃)₃·1.5H₂O·C₂ H₅OH 4. The ligand, MeATSC 1 and all complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT IR, UV–visible, and multinuclear NMR …

Stimuli-Responsive Gelators From Carbamoyl Sugar Derivatives And Their Responses To Metal Ions And Tetrabutylammonium Salts, Dan Wang, Anji Chen, Joedian Morris, Guijun Wang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Carbohydrate-based low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) are interesting compounds with a variety of applications. In this research, a library of nineteen carbamate derivatives of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine were synthesized and characterized, and several derivatives were found to be effective LMWGs. They formed gels in pump oils as well as mixtures of water with ethanol or water with DMSO. The structures of the carbamoyl chains played an important role in the gelation properties, short chain aliphatic derivatives and phenyl carbamates formed gels in more solvents than certain aromatic and dimeric carbamates. The phenyl carbamate gelator was also selected for the encapsulation of …

Singlet Oxygen Generation By Porphyrins And Metalloporphyrins Revisited: A Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (Qspr) Study, Andrey A. Buglak, Mikhail Filatov, Althaf M. Hussain, Manabu Sugimoto

Books/Book chapters

state followed by formation of singlet oxygen (1O2), which is a highly reactive species and mediates various oxidative processes. The design of advanced sensitizers based on porphyrin compounds have attracted significant attention in recent years. However, it is still difficult to predict the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation for a given structure. Our goal was to develop a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model for the fast virtual screening and prediction of singlet oxygen quantum yields for pophyrins and metalloporphyrins. We performed QSPR analysis of a dataset containing 32 compounds, including various porphyrins and their analogues (chlorins and bacteriochlorins). Quantum-chemical descriptors …

Lew,1wr1 Rat Shows An Increased Risk Of Developing Malignant Forms Of Nafld, Luis Mercado

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Correlating The Physicochemical Properties Of Magnesium Stearate With Tablet Dissolution And Lubrication, Julie L. Calahan

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Magnesium stearate (MgSt) is the most commonly used pharmaceutical excipient and is present in over half the tablet formulations on the market. In spite of its popularity as an effective lubricant, it has been repeatedly recognized that there is significant variability between MgSt samples, which can cause inconsistent lubrication between batches of MgSt. The hypothesis of this research is that the batch-to-batch variability in tablet lubrication and dissolution observed in tablet formulations containing different MgSt samples can be correlated with differences in MgSt physicochemical properties (fatty acid salt composition, crystal hydrate form, particle size and surface area). Developing correlations between …

A Validated Uplc-Ms/Ms Method For The Determination Of Aliphatic And Aromatic Isocyanate Exposure In Human Urine, Maggy Lépine, Lekha Sleno, Jacques Lesage, Sébastien Gagné

Études primaires

4,4′-Methylenediphenyldiisocyanate (MDI), toluenediisocyanate (2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI), and 1,6′-hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI) are all commonly used in the production of polyurethane-containing materials in different application areas. Workers exposed occupationally to these compounds may develop sensitization with the potential to lead to asthma. Isocyanates are metabolized in vivo by conjugation to macromolecules and/or by acetylation prior to being eliminated in urine. The hydrolysis of urine samples releases free amine compounds from these metabolites as biomarkers of exposure, specific to each parent isocyanate: 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA), toluenediamine (2,4-TDA and 2,6-TDA), and hexamethylenediamine (HDA). To address the need for a validated method that could be used for …

Using Batman Software To Analyze Metabolic Changes In Type 1 Diabetes-Susceptible Rats, Connor Hall

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Kidney Tissue Preparation For 1h-Nmr Analysis And Colorimetric Activity Assay Of Mitochondria, Savannah Knight, James Wolfsberger

Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)

No abstract provided.

Development Of A Method For The Detection And Quantification Of Various Benzodiazepines And Z-Drugs In Human Blood And Qualitative Identification In Urine Samples Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (Lc-Ms/Ms), Haley Michel

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This method developed in the toxicology department at the Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner’s Office (CCMEO) detects 40 benzodiazepines and metabolites along with several z-drugs in blood and urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A sample amount of 0.5 mL was used to detect analytes in postmortem drug facilitated sexual assault and impaired driving cases. Twenty-nine analytes met criteria for quantification while the remaining 14 were used as qualitative indicators. Bias and precision results for quality controls met criteria, staying within ±15% except for clonazolam and etizolam which were within ±20%. Quantitative reporting criteria which included dilution integrity was met …

Boron Trifluoride Etherate Promoted Microwave Assisted Synthesis Of Antimalarial Acridones, Papireddy Kancharla, Rozalia A. Dodean, Yuexin Li, Jane X. Kelly

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

A microwave-assisted, rapid and efficient method using boron trifluoride etherate (BF3.Et2O) for the synthesis of acridones, via an intramolecular acylation of N-phenylanthranilic acid derivatives, has been developed. The reaction proceeds under solvent-free conditions, tolerates a wide range of functional groups, and provides rapid access to a range of acridones in good to excellent yields. Several of the synthesized acridones exhibited potent antimalarial activities against CQ sensitive and multi-drug resistant (MDR) parasites.

Synthesis Of Radioluminescent Caf2:Ln Core, Mesoporous Silica Shell Nanoparticles For Use In X-Ray Based Theranostics, Hayden Winter, Megan J. Neufeld, Lydia Makotamo, Conroy Sun, Andrea M. Goforth

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

X-ray radiotherapy is a common method of treating cancerous tumors or other malignant lesions. The side effects of this treatment, however, can be deleterious to patient quality of life if critical tissues are affected. To potentially lower the effective doses of radiation and negative side-effects, new classes of nanoparticles are being developed to enhance reactive oxygen species production during irradiation. This report presents the synthesis and radiotherapeutic efficacy evaluation of a new nanoparticle formulation designed for this purpose, composed of a CaF₂ core, mesoporous silica shell, and polyethylene glycol coating. The construct was additionally doped with Tb and Eu …

Antifungal Defense Molecules From Bacterial Symbionts Of North American Trachymyrmex Ants, Georgia Scherer

CMC Senior Theses

Defensive symbioses, in which microbes provide molecular defenses for an animal host, hold great potential as untapped sources of therapeutically useful antibiotics. Fungus-growing ants use antifungal defenses from bacterial symbionts to suppress pathogenic fungi in their nests. Preliminary chemical investigations of symbiotic bacteria from this large family of ants have uncovered novel antifungal molecules with therapeutic potential, such as dentigerumycin and selvamicin.

In this study, the bacterial symbionts of North American Trachymyrmex fungus-growing ants are investigated for antifungal molecules. Plate-based bioassays using ecologically-relevant fungal pathogens confirmed that these bacteria have antifungal activity. In order to purify and identify the antifungal …

Elephant And Anchors ‒ Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy Of Small Oxygenated Molecules, Apeter Weidner

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

The dissociative photoionization reactions of two small, oxygenated organics, namely 1,3-dioxolane and methyl vinyl ketone, were studied by photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy. Experiments involving 1,3-dioxolane were carried out in the photon energy range of 9.5‒13.5 eV. The statistical thermodynamics model shows that a total of six dissociation channels are involved in the formation of three fragment ions, namely C3H5O2+ (m/z 73), C2H5O+ (m/z 45) and C2H4O+ (m/z 44), with two channels contributing to the formation of each. By comparing the results of ab initio quantum chemical calculations to the experimentally derived appearance energies of the fragment ions, the most …

Studies On The Size And Non-Planarity Of Aromatic Stacking Moiety On Conformation Selectivity And Thermal Stabilization Of G-Quadruplexes, Mandeep Singh

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Targeting DNA has the advantage over proteins for cancer remediation because of the fewer copies of the ligands required for the desired therapeutic effect. Traditionally, covalent DNA binders like alkylating agents have been used to induce genetic instability through the formation of DNA lesions and strand breaks, leading to cellular apoptosis. The primary drawback of this treatment is the non-specific binding that affects both cancerous and non-cancerous cells. G-quadruplexes are the DNA secondary structures that are present in abundance near the promoter regions of the oncogenes and are involved in the regulation of their activities. A ligand-mediated stabilization of G-quadruplexes …

Electrospinning Piezoelectric Fibers For Biocompatible Devices, Bahareh Azimi, Mario Milazzo, Andrea Lazzeri, Stefano Berrettini, M. Jasim Uddin, Zhao Qin, Markus J. Buehler, Serena Danti

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

The field of nanotechnology has been gaining great success due to its potential in developing new generations of nanoscale materials with unprecedented properties and enhanced biological responses. This is particularly exciting using nanofibers, as their mechanical and topographic characteristics can approach those found in naturally occurring biological materials. Electrospinning is a key technique to manufacture ultrafine fibers and fiber meshes with multifunctional features, such as piezoelectricity, to be available on a smaller length scale, thus comparable to subcellular scale, which makes their use increasingly appealing for biomedical applications. These include biocompatible fiber-based devices as smart scaffolds, biosensors, energy harvesters, and …

Mitochondria Imaging And Targeted Cancer Treatment, Tinghan Zhao

Dissertations

Mitochondria are essential organelles as the site of respiration in eukaryotic cells and are involved in many crucial functions in cell life. Dysfunction of mitochondrial metabolism and irregular morphology have been frequently found in human cancers. The capability of imaging mitochondria as well as regulating their microenvironment is important both scientifically and clinically. Mitochondria penetrating peptides (MPPs), certain peptides that are composed of cationic and hydrophobic amino acids, are good candidates for mitochondria targeting. Herein, a novel MPP, D-argine-phenylalanine-D-argine-phenylalanine-D-argine-phenylalanine-NH₂ (rFrFrF), is conjugated with a rhodamine-based fluorescent chromophore (TAMRA). The TAMRA-rFrFrF probe exhibits advantageous properties for long-term mitochondria tracking of …

Computational Studies And Design Of Pparγ And Glut1 Inhibitors, Suliman Almahmoud

Theses & Dissertations

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily that controls the expression of a variety of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, adipogenesis, and insulin sensitivity. PPARγ is a target for insulin-sensitizing drugs, and it plays a significant function in prostate cancer. PPARγ antagonists have anti-proliferative effects in a broad range of hematopoietic and epithelial cell lines. The ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ is large and has orthosteric and allosteric binding sites. Several PPARγ-ligand co-crystal structures show two bound molecules, one to the orthosteric pocket and a second to the allosteric …

Performance Study Of The Membrane Based Layered Double Hydroxides ‘Znal-Gh’ In The Purification Of Groundwater, Jaouad Zerhouni, Omar Qabaqous, Fouzia Rhazi Filali, Mohammed Naciri Bennani, Najib Tijani

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The objective of this work is focused on the preparation and characterization of plan microfiltration membrane Zn₃Al-Gh and the study of their efficiency in the treatment of ground water. This membrane was carried by using the support of the clay such as Ghassoul ‘Gh’ prepared by using dry uniaxial compaction method. The layered double hydroxides (LDH) based on Zn₃Al-CO₃with molar ratio (Zn²⁺/Al³⁺=3) was deposited on support by direct co-precipitation method.

The characterizations of the membrane LDH-Gh ‘Zn₃Al-Gh’ and deposited layer Zn₃Al-CO_3, was done by scanning …

Evaluation Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha In Sleep-Deprived Menopausal- Induced Rats And The Impact On Bone Health, Nicole Ellsworth, Dwight Curry Iii, Cj Deleon, Frank Frisch

Student Scholar Symposium Abstracts and Posters

Post-menopausal osteoporosis as a consequence of estrogen depletion is a growing concern for women in the United States. As more women take on executive positions and experience sleep deprivation, there is the potential for up regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. It follows that the homeostatic imbalance of osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity leads to a greater risk of disease. Bisphosphonates generally, and Zolendronate specifically works by decreasing the number of osteoclasts. This current study investigated the impact of Zolendronate on the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha-type (TNFɑ) in 32 ovariectomized Wistar rats. Throughout a five …

Probing Of Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions Using Galactonoamidine Inhibitors, Jessica B. Pickens

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Glycoside hydrolases are ubiquitous and one of the most catalytically proficient enzymes known, and thus understanding their mechanisms are crucial. Most research has focused on the interaction of the glycon of substrates and their inhibitors within the active site of glycoside hydrolases. The inhibitors employed to probe these interactions generally had small aglycons (i.e. a hydrogen atom, amidines, small aliphatic groups, or benzyl groups). Here, the interactions of the aglycon with glycoside hydrolases are examined by probing the active sites with a library of 25 galactonoamidines. The studies described in this dissertation aim to increase the understanding of stabilization of …

Structure Elucidation Of A Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Alkaloid And A Biologically Active Polyketide Produced By Rhodococcus Sp. Mtm3w5.2 Via Two-Dimensional Nmr Spectroscopy, Garrett Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

As the battle against ever-increasing drug resistence bacteria rages on, novel and sometimes more complex natural products can be used to combat this. In this study, two-dimensional NMR techniques were utilized to collect a complete spectral data set for two natural products. The first structure, a synthesized Pyrrolobenzodiazepine alkaloid natural product was confirmed through these methods. The second, a strain of Rhodococcus, MTM3W5.2, produces a novel antibacterial molecule in broth cultures and the active compound was fractionated using a Sephedex LH-20 column. Chromatographic purification yielded a pure sample at 58.90 minutes, RT.58. HRMS data deduced an exact mass of …

Pathological Comparisons Of The Hippocampal Changes In The Transient And Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Rat Models, Fawad Ali Shah, Tao Li, Lina Tariq Al Kury, Alam Zeb, Shehla Khatoon, Gongping Liu, Xifei Yang, Fang Liu, Huo Yao, Arif Ullah Khan, Phil Ok Koh, Yuhua Jiang, Shupeng Li

All Works

© Copyright © 2019 Shah, Li, Kury, Zeb, Khatoon, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yao, Khan, Koh, Jiang and Li. Ischemic strokes are categorized by permanent or transient obstruction of blood flow, which impedes delivery of oxygen and essential nutrients to brain. In the last decade, the therapeutic window for tPA has increased from 3 to 5–6 h, and a new technique, involving the mechanical removal of the clot (endovascular thrombectomy) to allow reperfusion of the injured area, is being used more often. This last therapeutic approach can be done until 24 h after stroke onset. Due to this fact, more acute …

Sustainable Solutions, Fall/Winter 2020, Issue 41

Sustain Magazine

No abstract provided.