Chemistry Commons^™

Clear-Column Radiative Closure During Ace-Asia: Comparison Of Multiwavelength Extinction Derived From Particle Size And Composition With Results From Sun Photometry, J. Wang, Richard C. Flagan, John H. Seinfeld, Haflidi Jonsson, D. R. Collins, P. B. Russell, Beat Schmid, Jens Redemann, J. M. Livingston, Song Gao, Dean A. Hegg, E. J. Welton

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

From March to May 2001, aerosol size distributions and chemical compositions were measured using differential mobility analyzers (DMA), an aerodynamic particle sizer (APS), Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDI), and denuder samplers onboard the Twin Otter aircraft as part of the Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE)-Asia campaign. Of the 19 research flights, measurements on four flights that represented different aerosol characteristics are analyzed in detail. Clear-column radiative closure is studied by comparing aerosol extinctions predicted using in situ aerosol size distribution and chemical composition measurements to those derived from the 14-wavelength NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sun photometer (AATS-14). In the boundary layer, …

Organic Geochemical Analysis Of Late-Glacial And Early-Holocene Ecosystem Changes: A Case Study From Northern New England Lakes, Michael A. Kruge, Andrea Lini

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The lacustrine sedimentary archive of organic remains provides important evidence for the reconstruction of the environmental histories of lakes and their watersheds, recording the response of the Earth's biota to changes on scales varying from the local to the global. The last Glacial-Interglacial transition presents an opportunity to investigate how, and at what rates, watershed and lake ecosystems were established on once glaciated, carbon and nutrient-poor landscapes. The small lakes of northern Vermont (USA) provide an appropriate setting in which to investigate such changes.

As part of a multidisciplinary study of three Vermont lake sediment cores, samples ranging in age …

Analysis Of Fuel Additives And Impurities In Gasoline, Nicholas Lentz

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

1080 Summary Information, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia, Department Of Conservation And Land Management, Western Australia, Department Of Health, Western Australia

Biosecurity research reports

Fluoroacetate, the active ingredient of 1080, occurs naturally in toxic plants in Australia, South Africa, and South America. Manufactured I080 underpins most vertebrate pest control programs in Australia and New Zealand. Fluoroacetate occurs naturally in about 40 plant species in Australia with most of these plants restricted to the south-west of WA.

I080 was introduced to rabbit control programs in the early 1950s and therefore has a long history of proven effectiveness and safety in Australia. There have been few repo1ted problems associated with human safety, environmental persistence, bioaccumulation or impact on populations of non-target species.

In particular, I080 baits …

Styrene Monomer Solubility In Artificial And Natural Seawaters Of The Lower Chesapeake Bay, Eric Joseph Miller

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Used for making a variety of plastic products, styrene monomer is an aromatic hydrocarbon frequently shipped in bulk quantities through the Port of Hampton Roads, Virginia. Despite its common use around the world and its high aquatic toxicity, little research has been conducted on the chemical's aqueous solubility and reactions during a major spill. In this study, the solubility of styrene monomer was measured in artificial seawater and natural waters collected from four sites on the lower Chesapeake Bay and Elizabeth River. The samples represented a range of different water chemistries in terms of salinity (13.8 — 29.0%) and the …

An Anion Characterization Of A Constructed Wetland Used For Chlorinated Ethene Remediation, Bradley M. Bugg

Theses and Dissertations

Chlorinated ethenes physical properties as well as its ubiquitous state at DOD installations makes it a priority for innovative remediation efforts. Current techniques are expensive and time consuming to maintain. Constructed wetlands suggest an inexpensive and operational alternative to conventional technologies. Sub-surface flow wetlands provide the anaerobic zones necessary to reduce the recalcitrant chlorinated solvents prior to anaerobic or aerobic mineralization of its daughter products. A vertical flow cell to include sequential sedimentary layers of two hydric soil lifts and a mix of hydric soil and woody compost was the subject of this investigation. This study focused on the statistical …

Application Of Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells For In Situ Treatment Of Perchlorate Contaminated Groundwater, Jeffrey C. Parr

Theses and Dissertations

Groundwater contamination by perchlorate has recently been recognized as a significant environmental problem across the United States, and especially at Department of Defense facilities. In this study, a model is used to evaluate the potential of a innovative in situ bioremediation technology using Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells (HFTWs) to manage perchlorate-contaminated groundwater. The technology uses HFTWs to mix an electron donor into perchlorate-contaminated groundwater in order to promote reduction of the perchlorate by indigenous microorganisms in bioactive zones within the aquifer, as well as recirculate the contaminated water between treatment well pairs to achieve multiple passes of contaminated water through …

Opacity Enhancement Of The On-Road Remote Sensor For Hc, Co And No, Donald H. Stedman, Gary A. Bishop

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Emissions Of Motor Vehicles In Brazil: Current Status And Future Possibilities {Presentation}, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Stimulation And Modeling Of Pond Formations On The Asteroid 433 Eros, Justin Thompson

Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal

"Ponds" are surface features that appear to be the result of the deposition of finer material on the asteroid's regolith, the layer of loose sediment that blankets the entire asteroid. Ponds were discovered by the NEAR Shoemaker spacecraft in January, 2001, on the asteroid 433 Eros. The objective of experimentation is to simulate the development of these ponds in the Andromeda planetary sciences environmental chamber. The Andromeda Chamber offers a unique ability to simulate surface environments that occur on Eros. The chamber was used to simulate the processes that occur as Eros emits gas through its outer surface, including the …

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Denver Area: Year 3, Sajal S. Pokharel, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Los Angeles Area: Year 3 (Riverside), Sajal S. Pokharel, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Phoenix Area: Year 3, Sajal S. Pokharel, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Remote Sensing: A New Tool For Automobile Inspection & Maintenance, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Parameters Affecting Partitioning Of 6 Pcb Congeners In Natural Sediments, Eid A. Alkhatib, Carl Weigand

Chemistry & Physics Faculty Publications

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) released by bottom sediments were determined by experiments in which the sediments were artificially resuspended using sediment contaminated with PCBs in a particle entrainment simulator (PES). Sediment cores, spiked with PCBs, were collected from the Housatonic River in Connecticut and run in the PES at simulated shear stresses from 0 to 0.6 N m(-2). Experimental results from these simulations have shown that mean concentration of PCBs in the solid phase for sites with high volatile organic carbon (VOC) were significantly greater than samples with low VOC; the reverse was true for the water phase. In addition, on …

Biological Reduction Of Perchlorate In Ion Exchange Regenerant Solutions Containing High Salinity And Ammonium Levels, Tina M. Gingras, Jacimaria R. Batista

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

The most promising technologies to remove perchlorate from water are ion exchange and biological reduction. Although successful, ion exchange only separates perchlorate from water; it does not eliminate it from the environment. The waste streams from these systems contain the caustic or saline regenerant solutions used in the process as well as high levels of perchlorate. Biological reduction could be used to treat the regenerant waste solutions from the ion exchange process. A treatment scheme, combining ion exchange and biodegradation, is proposed to completely remove perchlorate from the environment. Perchlorate-laden resins generate brines containing salt concentrations up to 6% or …

Quality Of Tap Water In 20 Selected Areas In Selangor, Christine Boon Hwee Ong

Student Works (2000-2009)

The quality of tap water is becoming of great concern to the public all over the wor1d. However, this study only covers the issue of tap water in Selangor and public's reactions towards it. Many of us question whether our tap water is clear, clean and safe enough for consumption. To many of us, the water problem that we face is acid water, contains iron and minerals, bacteria and it is hard water. Acid water Is a real problem nowadays as the environment gets more and more polluted due to gas emitted from industries, for example S02 and CO2. Acid …

Strontium Isotopic Signatures Of The Streams And Lakes Of Taylor Valley, Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica: Chemical Weathering In A Polar Climate, W. B. Lyons, Carmen A. Nezat, Larry V. Benson, Thomas D. Bullen, Elizabeth Y. Graham, Jesicca Kidd, Kathleen A. Welch, James M. Thomas

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

We have collected and analyzed a series of water samples from three closed-basin lakes (Lakes Bonney, Fryxell, and Hoare) in Taylor Valley, Antarctica, and the streams that flow into them. In all three lakes, the hypolimnetic waters have different ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios than the surface waters, with the deep water of Lakes Fryxell and Hoare being less radiogenic than the surface waters. The opposite occurs in Lake Bonney. The Lake Fryxell isotopic ratios are lower than modern-day ocean water and most of the whole-rock ratios of the surrounding geologic materials. A conceivable source of Sr to the system …

Sulfur Dioxide Uptake And Oxidation In Sea-Salt Aerosol, William Hoppel, Louise Pasternack, Peter F. Caffrey, Glendon Frick, James Fitzgerald, Dean A. Hegg, Song Gao, John Ambrusko, Thomas Albrechcinski

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

Measurements of SO₂ and O₃ uptake by sea-salt and NaCl aerosol were made in a 600 m³environmental chamber by measuring the rate of SO₂ and O₃ depletion during nebulization of seawater and NaCl solutions. The experiments were carried out with starting relative humidity between 80% and 92%, with SO₂ concentrations between 35 and 60 ppb, and ozone concentrations between O and 110 ppb. For NaCl, no SO₂ or O₃uptake was observed. For sea-salt aerosol, uptake in the range of 0.21 and 1.2 millimoles of S per liter of (nebulized) seawater …

Particle Formation And Growth From Ozonolysis Of Α-Pinene, William Hoppel, James Fitzgerald, Glendon Frick, Peter F. Caffrey, Louise Pasternack, Dean A. Hegg, Song Gao, W. Richard Leaitch, Nicole Shantz, Chris Cantrell, Thomas Albrechcinski, John Ambrusko, William Sullivan

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

Observations of particle nucleation and growth during ozonolysis of α-pinene were carried out in Calspan's 600 m³ environmental chamber utilizing relatively low concentrations of α-pinene (15 ppb) and ozone (100 ppb). Model simulations with a comprehensive sectional aerosol model which incorporated the relevant gas-phase chemistry show that the observed evolution of the size distribution could be simulated within the accuracy of the experiment by assuming only one condensable product produced with a molar yield of 5% to 6% and a saturation vapor pressure (SVP) of about 0.01 ppb or less. While only one component was required to simulate the …

In-Cloud Oxidation Of So2 By O3 And H2o2: Cloud Chamber Measurements And Modeling Of Particle Growth, Peter F. Caffrey, William Hoppel, Glendon Frick, Louise Pasternack, James Fitzgerald, Dean A. Hegg, Song Gao, W. R. Leaitch, Nicole Shantz, Thomas Albrechcinski, John Ambrusko

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

Controlled cloud chamber experiments were conducted to measure particle growth resulting from the oxidation of SO₂ by O₃ and H₂O₂ in cloud droplets formed on sulfuric acid seed aerosol. Clouds were formed in a 590 m³ environmental chamber with total liquid water contents ranging from 0.3–0.6 g m⁻³ and reactant gas concentrations <10 ppbv for SO₂ and H₂O₂ and <70 ppbv for O₃. Aerosol growth was measured by comparison of differential mobility analyzer size distributions before and after each 3–4 min cloud cycle. Predictions of aerosol growth were then made with a full microphysical cloud …

Experimental And Modeling Studies Of Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation And Some Applications To The Marine Boundary Layer, Song Gao, Dean A. Hegg, Glendon Frick, Peter F. Caffrey, Louise Pasternack, Chris Cantrell, William Sullivan, John Ambrusko, Thomas Albrechcinski, Thomas W. Kirchstetter

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Articles

A series of controlled experiments were carried out in the Calspan Corporation's 600 m³environmental chamber to study some secondary organic aerosol formation processes. Three precursor-ozone systems were studied: cyclopentene-ozone, cyclohexene-ozone, and α-pineneozone. Additionally, SO₂ was added to the initial gas mixture in several instances and was likely present at trace levels in the ostensibly organic-only experiments. It was found that all three systems readily formed new submicron aerosols at very low reactant levels. The chemical composition of formed aerosols was consistent with some previous studies, but the yields of organic products were found to be lower in …

Optimization Of Palladium-Catalyzed In Situ Destruction Of Trichloroethylene-Contaminated Groundwater Using A Genetic Algorithm, Manuel Fernandez

Theses and Dissertations

Conventional technologies for the treatment of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated solvents have limitations that have motivated development of innovative technologies. One such technology currently under development involves using palladium-on-alumina (Pd/Al) as a catalyst to promote dechlorination. Pd/Al catalyst may be used in-well as part of a re-circulating horizontal flow treatment well (HFTW) system. An HFTW system involves two or more dual-screened wells, with in-well reactors, to capture and treat contaminated groundwater without the need to pump the water to the surface. In this study, objective and fitness functions, based on system costs and TCE concentration requirements, were developed to optimize …

Dissolution Of Chromium From Inhalable Primer Paint Particles Into A Simulated Lung Fluid, David A. Kauth

Theses and Dissertations

The use of chromate as a corrosion inhibitor in primer paint is an essential component for the protection of aluminum-skinned aircraft and the primary source of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) exposure to USAF aircraft painters. The objective of this research was to quantify the dissolution of chromate from freshly sprayed paint particles into a simulated lung fluid (SLF). Two primer paints were sprayed with a paint spray gun to generate overspray particles for collection into impingers filled with SLF. Particles were allowed to soak in SLF for 24 and 48 hours and then the particles were removed by centrifugation. The …

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Chicago Area: Year 4, Sajal S. Pokharel, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Los Angeles Area: Year 2, Sajal S. Pokharel, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Interpreting Remote Sensing Nox Measurements (Presentation), Robert Slott, Donald H. Stedman, Sajal S. Pokharel

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Denver Area: Year 2, Sajal S. Pokharel, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

On-Road Remote Sensing Of Automobile Emissions In The Phoenix Area: Year 2, Sajal S. Pokharel, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.

Preliminary Studies Using Remote Sensing To Evaluate I/M Effectiveness, Sajal S. Pokharel, Gary A. Bishop, Donald H. Stedman

Fuel Efficiency Automobile Test Publications

No abstract provided.