Chemistry Commons^™

Educational Resources: Polymers, Emily Knight

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

The document is meant to act as a resource for elementary through middle school teachers, featuring a science activity connected to Indiana state standards with grade-appropriate science connections aimed toward 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade.

This document contains 3 polymer-based activities demonstrating different properties of polymers - the physical characteristics, possible absorbency, and elasticity. These activities can be abbreviated and used in rotating stations, planned over multiple days, or you can pick on that fits best with the classroom environment.

Educational Resources: Ionic Matching, Emily Knight

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

The document is meant to act as a resource for elementary through middle school teachers, featuring a science activity connected to Indiana state standards with grade-appropriate science connections aimed toward 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade.

The entire point of this piece is simply to introduce balancing charges in ionic compounds. This is a simpler method to get students thinking about the idea, which also makes it suitable for pre-high school students. It gives a visual representation of how charges balance and cow cations pair with anions. At this level, it is very similar to least common denominator calculations.

Educational Resources: Homemade Fluorometer, Emily Knight

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

The document is meant to act as a resource for elementary through middle school teachers, featuring a science activity connected to Indiana state standards with grade-appropriate science connections aimed toward 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade.

Educational Resources: Exchange Rates And Unit Conversion, Emily Knight

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

The document is meant to act as a resource for elementary through middle school teachers, featuring a science activity connected to Indiana state standards with grade-appropriate science connections aimed toward 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade.

Students might have experience in 3rd-6th grade with converting basic ideas such as volume and measurements. This is intended to expand that idea and introduce the mole. It's also a general interactive conversion/exchange activity. All items in here are just based on what we had available and convenient, so feel free to swap out items such as rubber stoppers with something more easily available …

Educational Resources: Curie Point Engine, Emily Knight

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

The document is meant to act as a resource for elementary through middle school teachers, featuring a science activity connected to Indiana state standards with grade-appropriate science connections aimed toward 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th grade.

The Curie point of a metal is the temperature at which it loses its magnetic characteristics. Heat can cause magnets to stop being magnetic, which is why heating up magnets is not advised. The engine works because the Curie point of nickel is 354 degrees Celsius, a temperature that can be reached with a simple candle flame. Included are instructions about how to build …

Educational Resources: Magnets, Emily Knight

Chemistry & Biochemistry Student Projects

No abstract provided.

Advances In Amino Acid Analysis For Marine Related Matrices And Its Application To Coastal Shelf Settings In The Canadian Arctic, Rachel M. Mcmahon

OES Theses and Dissertations

Amino acids comprise up to 50% of organic matter in cellular material and are a major fraction of oceanic organic carbon. Amino acids are also considered highly labile during organic matter recycling, making them useful proxies for organic carbon cycling. Nevertheless, analysis of individual amino acids has been burdened by lengthy derivatization and complex analysis since the 1950s. In this thesis, I describe the modification of advanced analytical techniques, developed in the biomedical field, for analysis of marine matrices which allow the determination of at least 40 amino acids without the need for lengthy sample preparation and derivatization, twice the …

Carbon Composite Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Based Electrochemical Sensor For Hydrogen Peroxide Detection, Si-Yu Zhang, Hui-Juan Wang, Shu-Fang Li, Jian-Ying Qu

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this work, a novel hydrogen peroxide electrochemical sensor was constructed with ferroferric oxide (Fe₃O₄) magnetic nanoparticles, which demonstrated good electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen peroxide. There existed a good linear relationship between the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the oxidation peak current in the range of 1.00 × 10^-6 ~ 1.00 × 10^-3 mol·L^-1 (R = 0.9980) with the detection limit of 6.60 × 10-7 mol·L^-1. The sensor exhibited good anti-interference ability, high reproducibility and stability.

Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry For Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Of Metformin And Rosuvastatin In Human Plasma, Nikolaos Antonopoulos, Giorgos Machairas, George Migias, Ariadni Vonaparti, Vasiliki Brakoulia, Constantinos Pistos, Dimitra Gennimata, Irene Panderi

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In this work a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/positive ion electrospray mass spectrometric assay (HILIC/ESI-MS) has been developed and fully validated for the quantitation of metformin and rosuvastatin in human plasma. Sample preparation involved the use of 100 µL of human plasma, following protein precipitation and filtration. Metformin, rosuvastatin and 4-[2-(propylamino) ethyl] indoline 2 one hydrochloride (internal standard) were separated by using an X-Bridge-HILIC BEH analytical column (150.0 × 2.1 mm i.d., particle size 3.5 µm) with isocratic elution. A mobile phase consisting of 12% (v/v) 15 mM ammonium formate water solution in acetonitrile was used for the separation and pumped …

Steric Effects Of Alkyl Ammonium Salts On The Combustion Of Exchanged Smectite Clays, Celeste A. Keith

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Bomb calorimetry was explored as a new method for determining the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of clays. Smectite clays were modified with several alkyl ammonium salts varying in number of carbons and the spatial orientation of the carbons about the central nitrogen atom. The clays used, standards purchased from the Source Clay Repository, have CECs of 44, 80, 88, and 120 meq/100 g. Theoretically, the combustion energy of the organo-clays should be approximately the same for each salt. Any differences in energy would be due to the different structures of the salts and how they are oriented in the interlamellar …

Removal Of Pb2+ Ions From Consuming Water Using A Fabricated Water Filter For Home Use, Pantaree Sodkhoksoong, Papidchaya Chanpong, Thunyarus Rodsawatchuchoke

The International Student Science Fair 2018

Lead contamination in water is one of the worldwide concerned environmental problems. For example, lead leaking from pipe corrosion and solder has been found contaminated in consuming water in many U.S. areas. The uncontrolled release of effluents containing lead from various industries has also caused lead-contaminated water in Thailand. Exposing to lead-contaminated water can lead to serious symptoms (e.g. fatigue, headaches, abdominal pain, irritability, depression, and seizures) or even death. Therefore, the elimination of lead ions (Pb²⁺) from consuming water or from effluents before releasing into the environment is necessary. The selection of adsorbents and the fabrication of …

Quantitative Proteomics To Support Translational Cancer Research, Melissa Hoffman

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Altered signaling pathways, which are mediated by post-translational modifications and changes in protein expression levels, are key regulators of cancer initiation, progression, and therapeutic escape. Many aspects of cancer progression, including early carcinogenesis and immediate response to drug treatment, are beyond the scope of genetic profiling and non-invasive monitoring techniques. Global protein profiling of cancer cell line models, tumor tissues, and biofluids (e.g. serum or urine) using mass spectrometry-based proteomics produces novel biological insights, which support improved patient outcomes. Recent technological advances resulting in next-generation mass spectrometry instrumentation and improved bioinformatics workflows have led to unprecedented measurement reproducibility as well …

Visualization And Quantification Of Cancer-Associated Enzymes With Fluorescent Small-Molecule Substrate Probes, Zhenhua Shen

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Fluorescence imaging can be used both as a tool to diagnose diseases and guide treatment in clinical settings, and as a technique to monitor dynamic events or biological species in basic research. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of a multitude of fluorescent probes that can be incorporated with fluorescence imaging techniques to track and report endogenous enzymes with high specificity and selectivity. In contrast to always-on and targeted always-on fluorescent probes that continually emit light, activity-based substrate probes either emit low numbers of photons or are completely quenched. They can be converted to highly fluorescent reporters …

An Improved Method For The Analysis Of Fiber Evidence Using Polarized Light Microscopy, Samuel F. Kaplan

Student Theses

Using the basic fundamentals of polarized light microscopy, a new and improved method for identifying synthetic fibers is presented in this thesis. Using the equation of an ellipse in spherical coordinates, an EXCEL™ (Microsoft Inc., Seattle, WA) spreadsheet was developed that generated tables of data that provide a foundation for a new and more efficient method in fiber analysis. Intermediate refractive index values for each subclass of textile fibers were calculated based on the fiber's principal refractive index values. The angles of refractive index matching to known refractive index fluids vary from 0 to 90 degrees upon rotation of the …

Assessment Of The Viability Of Microwell Plates As Sample Holders For Analytical Excitation-Emission Spectroscopy Of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons In 75% Ethanol, Lauren M. Ridley-Hoffman

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment are a significant concern as many compounds in this class are potential carcinogens. PAHs resulting from petroleum spills can contaminate natural waters and the products obtain from them (fish and fish products in particular). Previous studies by Pena, et. al. on ethanolic extracts of organs from menhaden captured in the vicinity of the Deepwater Horizon (Macondo oil well) spill have shown that fluorescence excitation spectroscopy is a useful technique for detecting the presence of PAH metabolites and fluorescent vitamins. The study has also concluded that previous methods for analyzing PAHs using fluorescence spectroscopy used …

Assessment Of Energetic Heterogeneity Of Reversed-Phase Surfaces Using Excess Adsorption Isotherms For Hplc Column Characterization, Leih-Shan Yeung

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This research is to explore a more general column categorization method using the test attributes in alignment with the common mobile phase components. As we know, the primary driving force for solute retention on a reversed-phase surface is hydrophobic interaction, thus hydrophobicity of the column will directly affect the analyte retention. This research describes a method to determine the column hydrophobicity by the ratio of adsorbed acetonitrile and methanol to water on the column surface using excess adsorption isotherm estimation. An excess adsorption isotherm for a binary mobile phase system represents a competitive interaction of both solvent components with the …

Determination Of Anthropogenic Radionuclides In Ocean Water Using Extraction Chromatography, Jaimie Daum

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

In the aftermath of the reactor accident in Fukushima, it has become obvious that there is a severe lack in methods that would allow for the rapid determination of anthropogenic radionuclides in ocean water. Current radioanalytical techniques for the determination of radionuclides in natural waters have a number of disadvantages including the fact that they are time consuming, generate a substantial amount of waste, and are typically multi-step processes. Additionally, the elevated amount of dissolved ions in ocean water imparts a complex matrix that can interfere with the rapid separation and determination of anthropogenic radionuclides. Therefore, due to the size, …

Separation Of Neighboring Trivalent Lanthanides For Neutron Capture Cross Section Measurements, Balazs Jozsef Bene

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The determination of the low-energy neutron capture cross-section of 171Tm with greater accuracy is important for both astrophysics and Stockpile Stewardship. Thulium-171 is a branching point in the s-process of stellar nucleosynthesis. Branching point nuclei, with half-lives in the order of 1 – 100 years are places where neutron capture and beta decay competes. This isotope is also the second order (n, γ) reaction product of 169Tm, which was used as a radiochemical detector in nuclear weapon experiments. It was placed at strategic locations in nuclear devices. Following the test, samples were analyzed in the collected samples for products of …

Designing A Calibration Set In Spectral Space For Efficient Development Of An Nir Method For Tablet Analysis, Md Anik Alam

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Designing a calibration set is the first step in developing a spectroscopic calibration method for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical tablets. This step is critical because successful model development depends on the suitability of the calibration data. For spectroscopic-based methods, traditional concentration based techniques for designing calibration sets are prone to have redundant information while simultaneously lacking necessary information for a successful calibration model. The traditional method also follows the same design approach for different spectroscopic techniques and different formulations, thereby lacks the optimizing capability to be technique and formulation specific.

A method for designing a calibration set in the Near …

Fast Identification Of Components Commonly Used In Homemade Explosives By Spectroscopic And Chemometric Methods, Deidre Day Vandenbos, Huggins Msimanga, Christopher Dockery

Master of Science in Chemical Sciences Theses

Homemade explosives (HMEs) have become a global pandemic. This forensic research focuses on developing identification methods that can provide quick, cost effective, non-destructive analysis using portable instrumentation. These capabilities would be invaluable to first responders, military, and security officials to establish an evidentiary link between a suspect and a reference in cases of HMEs, IEDs, arson and environmental contamination.

Modern methods for quick identification of the fuels and oxidant sources used in manufacturing HMEs, include Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Visual confirmation alone, however, is not strong enough to discriminate chemicals with nearly identical spectra, which occurs when …

Photoelectrochemical Studies On Non-Noble Metal Based Catalysts Towards Tandem Solar Water Splitting, Arun Siddarth Sridhar

Dissertations

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting makes direct use of solar energy incident on semiconductor photoelectrodes, and it is a convenient, economic option to produce high purity hydrogen at low temperatures. The use of multiple light absorbers can increase overall solar energy utilization and provide a solution to the trade-off between overall band gap and band edge positioning of photoelectrodes specific to solar water oxidation and water reduction. The study of non-noble metal based catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) are essential for economic practical commercialization of photo-electrolyzers. This dissertation focuses on the use of a variety …

Photoelectrochemical Investigations On Novel Earth Abundant Solid State Catalysts For Solar Water Oxidation, Nathaniel Branimir Kurtz

Honors Theses

In light of a looming fossil fuel scarcity, many forms of alternative, clean energy production are being researched in order to provide a more sustainable source of energy production for the future. One area of research is on using novel, abundant catalytic materials in conjunction with semiconducting materials to drive the splitting of water in order to produce hydrogen gas, an energy-rich fuel. Currently, efficiency is limited by the energy bottleneck posed by the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) half of water splitting. In this work, cobalt selenide (CoSe) catalyst paired with the semiconductor iron oxide (Fe2O3) has been identified as …

Ultrafast Affinity Extraction And High-Performance Affinity Chromatography Applications For Measuring Free Drug Fractions: Interactions Of Sulfonylurea Drugs With Normal And Glycated Human Serum Albumin, Bao Yang

Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Ultrafast affinity extraction was used with microcolumns containing human serum albumin (HSA) to measure the free fractions of several sulfonylurea drugs in the presence of solution-phase HSA and for the analysis of these drugs at therapeutic levels or determining their binding strengths with this protein. This approach was first used with normal HSA and the drugs glibenclamide, glipizide and glimepiride. This work used both one- and two-dimensional affinity systems based on HSA microcolumns. The first microcolumn was used to extract the free drug fractions in injected drug/protein mixtures. As the retained drug eluted from the first microcolumn, it was passed …

Kinetics And Activation Energy Parameters For Hydrolysis Of Acetic Anhydride In A Water-Acetone Cosolvent System, Samson Olowoyo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The hydrolysis of acetic anhydride is a widely-studied liquid phase reaction studied since 1906. Different approaches have been used to study the kinetics of this reaction. Approaches used by researchers have involved the use of sophisticated experimental set-ups. In this work, the pH technique has been adopted which involves the use of a pH meter to monitor the hydrolysis reaction. Analysis of the hydrolysis reaction has been performed for water/acetone cosolvent systems over a range of temperatures and mole fractions. Eyring analysis was performed under isomole fraction conditions and activation enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy for hydrolysis of acetic …

Development Of Microdialysis Probes In Series Approach Toward Eliminating Microdialysis Sampling Calibration: Miniaturization Into A Pdms Microfluidic Device, Randy Espinal Cabrera

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A new microdialysis sampling method and microfluidic device were developed in vitro. The method consisted of using up to four microdialysis sampling probes connected in series to evaluate the relative recovery (RR) of different model solutes methyl orange, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran average mol. wt. 4,000 (FITC-4), FITC-10, FITC-20, and FITC-40. Different flow rates (0.8, 1.0, and 1.5 µL/min) were used to compare experimentally observed relative recoveries with theoretical estimations. With increasing the number of probes in series, the relative recovery increases and ~100% (99.7% ± 0.9%) relative recovery for methyl orange was obtained. For larger molecules such as fluorescein isothiocyanate …

Eyring Activation Energy Analysis Of Acetic Anhydride Hydrolysis In Acetonitrile Cosolvent Systems, Nathan Mitchell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Acetic anhydride hydrolysis in water is considered a standard reaction for investigating activation energy parameters using cosolvents. Hydrolysis in water/acetonitrile cosolvent is monitored by measuring pH vs. time at temperatures from 15.0 to 40.0 °C and mole fraction of water from 1 to 0.750. This work utilizes a temperature controlled water bath and a Vernier glass-body pH probe with Vernier Logger Pro 3.10.1 software for automated data collection. Data analysis is used to determine observed kinetic rate constants under the assumption that hydrolysis is a pseudo-first-order reaction. Eyring plots were used to compare activation energy parameters under iso-mole fraction conditions. …

A Label-Free Immunosensor Based On K3[Fe(Cn)6] And Aldehyde-Functionalized Pyridinium, Xia Hu, You-Ming Shen, Guang-Yu Shen

Journal of Electrochemistry

A novel aldehyde-functionalized pyridinium was successfully synthesized. Using K₃[Fe(CN)₆] as a redox species modified on the surface of the electrode through Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), we developed a label-free immunosensor based on aldehyde-functionalized pyridinium that was applied to simplify antibody immobilization on the electrode surface, in which no additional chemical cross-linking was required. In addition, the introduction of K₃[Fe(CN)₆] on the surface of electrode avoided the use of other redox species in the electrolyte solution. Under the optimal experimental conditions, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) signals corresponding to different α-Fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations were measured. After …

Simulation Analysis In Dynamic Performance Of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Under Starting Condition, Yan Xiao, Ying-Jie Chang, Wei Zhang, Qiu-Hong Jia

Journal of Electrochemistry

Based on the equivalent circuit model, by considering both the dynamic gas pressure model and the dynamic heat transfer model, a lumped parameter model is developed. The start process of the fuel cell is simulated by using SIMULINK software. The undershoot of the voltage is observed from the simulation results, and the response time of the voltage is basically the same as that of the fuel cell temperature, which indicates that the temperature has great influence on the dynamic performance of the fuel cell. From the perspective of the temperature, the dynamic responses of the thermodynamic potential, the activation overvoltage, …

Development Of Rules Of Attraction For Intercalated Guest Molecules Inside Of A Hydrogen Bonded Framework, Matthew Fischer

Dissertations

Supramolecular chemistry has synthesized large and small molecules which host guest molecules for several decades. What started as a way to mimic of enzymes in nature, has exploded into a sea of materials such as porous coordination polymers, low-density metal-organic frameworks, inclusion compounds, and hydrogen bonded frameworks. We previously designed a layered framework consisting of a metal complex with coordinate covalent ligands. These ligands have peripheral carboxylic acid groups which hydrogen bond to organic pillars containing terminal amines. The layered structure is separated by these pillars, which are closed-packed, creating 1-dimensional channels able to co-crystallize molecules. There is interest in …

Assessment Of Catalytic Function Of Gold Nanorod-Bound Tempo Under Nir Irradiation, Kristi L. St. Clair

Honors College Theses

Gold nanoparticles are of interest to a number of fields due to their size-dependent optical properties, high stability, and large surface area. The combination of these properties allows for a variety of uses including photothermal therapy, drug delivery and catalysis. Gold nanorods (GNR) absorb light of a given wavelength which stimulates the oscillation of electrons on the surface and is known as the surface plasmon resonance effect. The localized heating of rods via irradiation may cause enhanced effectiveness of an attached organic catalyst which allows the oxidation of alcohols to occur at room temperature. Previously, similar catalytic systems required high …