Astrophysics and Astronomy Commons^™

Galaxy And Mass Assembly (Gama): Time-Scales For Galaxies Crossing The Green Valley, S. Phillipps, M. N. Bremer, A. M. Hopkins, R. De Propris, E. N. Taylor, P. A. James, L. J.M. Davies, M. E. Cluver, S. P. Driver, S. A. Eales, Benne W. Holwerda, L. S. Kelvin, A. E. Sansom

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

We explore the constraints that can be placed on the evolutionary time-scales for typical low-redshift galaxies evolving from the blue cloud through the green valley and on to the red sequence. We utilize galaxies from the GAMA survey with 0.1 < z < 0.2 and classify them according to the intrinsic (u∗ - r∗) colours of their stellar populations, as determined by fits to their multiwavelength spectral energy distributions. Using these fits to also determine stellar population ages and star formation time-scales, we argue that our results are consistent with a green valley population dominated by galaxies that are simply decreasing their star formation (running out of gas) over a time-scale of 2-4 Gyr which are seen at a specific epoch in their evolution (approximately 1.6 e-folding times after their peak in star formation). If their fitted star formation histories are extrapolated forward, the green galaxies will further redden over time, until they attain the colours of a passive population. In this picture, no specific quenching event which cuts-off their star formation is required, though it remains possible that the decline in star formation in green galaxies may be expedited by internal or external forces. However, there is no evidence that green galaxies have recently changed their star formation time-scales relative to their previous longer term star formation histories.

Galaxy And Mass Assembly (Gama): Environmental Quenching Of Centrals And Satellites In Groups, L. J.M. Davies, A. S.G. Robotham, C. Del P. Lagos, S. P. Driver, A. R.H. Stevens, Y. M. Bahé, M. Alpaslan, M. N. Bremer, M. J.I. Brown, S. Brough, J. Bland-Hawthorn, L. Cortese, P. Elahi, M. W. Grootes, Benne W. Holwerda, A. D. Ludlow, S. Mcgee, M. Owers, S. Phillipps

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Recently a number of studies have found a similarity between the passive fraction of central and satellite galaxies when controlled for both stellar and halo mass. These results suggest that the quenching processes that affect galaxies are largely agnostic to central/satellite status, which contradicts the traditional picture of increased satellite quenching via environmental processes such as stripping, strangulation, and starvation. Here we explore this further using the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey, which extends to ~2 dex lower in stellar mass than SDSS, is more complete for closely separated galaxies (≳395 per cent compared to ≳370 per cent), and …

Measurement Of Solar Spectral Irradiance And Surface Ozone At Carrollton, Georgia, Usa, During The Great American Eclipse On 21 August 2017, Kirthi Tennakone, L Ajith Desilva, Charles A. Zander*, Shea Rose, Austin B. Kerlin

Georgia Journal of Science

Measurements conducted at the University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, during the time of the solar eclipse of 21^st August 2017 demonstrated that the integrated spectral irradiance in defined wavelength ranges in the ultraviolet and visible calculated as a fraction of the total irradiance reached a minimum at maximum obscuration of the Sun, whereas in an infrared range it was maximum. The method of analysis adopted supports the view that the changes in spectral irradiance during highly obscured partial phases is a consequence of limb darkening. In a surface ozone measurement, a minimum in ozone concentration occurred 30 +_ …

The Proton-Ω Correlation Function In Au + Au Collisions At √SNn = 200 Gev, J. Adam, L. Adamczyk, J. R. Adams, James K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, N. N. Ajitanand, I. Alekseev, D. M. Anderson, R. Aoyama, A. Aparin, D. Arkhipkin, E. C. Aschenauer, M. U. Ashraf, F. Atetalla, A. Attri, G. S. Averichev, X. Bai, V. Bairathi, K. Barish, A. J. Bassill, A. Behera, R. Bellwied, A. Bhasin, A. K. Bhati, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L. C. Bland, I. G. Bordyuzhin, Renee H. Fatemi, Suvarna Ramachandran

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present the first measurement of the proton–Ω correlation function in heavy-ion collisions for the central (0–40%) and peripheral (40–80%) Au + Au collisions at √s_NN = 200 GeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). Predictions for the ratio of peripheral collisions to central collisions for the proton–Ω correlation function are sensitive to the presence of a nucleon–Ω bound state. These predictions are based on the proton–Ω interaction extracted from (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD calculations at the physical point. The measured ratio of the proton–Ω correlation function between the peripheral (small system) and central (large system) …

Charged Compact Binary Coalescence Signal And Electromagnetic Counterpart Of Plunging Black Hole–Neutron Star Mergers, Bing Zhang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

If at least one of the members of a compact binary coalescence is charged, the inspiral of the two members would generate a Poynting flux with an increasing power, giving rise to a brief electromagnetic counterpart temporally associated with the chirp signal of the merger (with possibly a small temporal offset), which we term as the charged compact binary coalescence (cCBC) signal. We develop a general theory of cCBC for any mass and amount of charge for each member. Neutron stars (NSs), as spinning magnets, are guaranteed to be charged, so the cCBC signal should accompany all NS mergers. The …

Polymer Gels With Tunable Ionic Seebeck Coefficient For Ultra-Sensitive Printed Thermopiles, Dan Zhao, Anna Martinelli, Andreas Willfahrt, Thomas Fischer, Diana Bernin, Zia Ullah Khan, Maryam Shahi, Joseph W. Brill, Magnus P. Jonsson, Simone Fabiano, Xavier Crispin

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Measuring temperature and heat flux is important for regulating any physical, chemical, and biological processes. Traditional thermopiles can provide accurate and stable temperature reading but they are based on brittle inorganic materials with low Seebeck coefficient, and are difficult to manufacture over large areas. Recently, polymer electrolytes have been proposed for thermoelectric applications because of their giant ionic Seebeck coefficient, high flexibility and ease of manufacturing. However, the materials reported to date have positive Seebeck coefficients, hampering the design of ultra-sensitive ionic thermopiles. Here we report an “ambipolar” ionic polymer gel with giant negative ionic Seebeck coefficient. The latter can …

Coordinated Uv And X-Ray Spectroscopic Observations Of The O-Type Giant Ξ Per: The Connection Between X-Rays And Large-Scale Wind Structure, Derek Massa, Lidi Oskinova, Raman Prinja, Richard Ignace

ETSU Faculty Works

We present new, contemporaneous Hubble Space Telescope STIS and XMM-Newton observations of the O7 III(n)((f)) star ξ Per. We supplement the new data with archival IUE spectra, to analyze the variability of the wind lines and X-ray flux of ξ Per. The variable wind of this star is known to have a 2.086-day periodicity. We use a simple, heuristic spot model that fits the low-velocity (near-surface) IUE wind line variability very well, to demonstrate that the low-velocity absorption in the new STIS spectra of N iv λ1718 and Si iv λ1402 vary with the same 2.086-day period. It …

The Potential Science And Engineering Value Of Samples Delivered To Earth By Mars Sample Return, David W. Beaty, Monica M. Grady, Harry Y. Mcsween, Elliot Sefton-Nash, B. L. Carrier, Francesca Altieri, Yuri Amelin, Eleonora Ammannito, Mahesh Anand, Liane G. Benning, Janice L. Bishop, Lars E. Borg, Dale Boucher, John R. Brucato, Henner Busemann, Kathleen A. Campbell, Andrew D. Czaja, Vinciane Debaille, David J. Des Marais, Michael Dixon, Bethany L. Ehlmann, Jack D. Farmer, David C. Fernandez-Remolar, Justin Filiberto, Jennifer Fogarty, Daniel P. Galvin, Y. S. Goreva, Lydia J. Hallis, Andrea Dawn Harrington, Elisabeth M. Hausrath, Chris D.K. Herd

Geoscience Faculty Research

Executive summary provided in lieu of abstract.

Engaging The Greater Lafayette Community In A Journey Through The Earth Sciences: Purdue’S Eaps Earth Science Passport Day Event, Dara Laczniak, Bradley Garczynski

Engagement & Service-Learning Summit

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Limited Reign Of Saturn's Rings, Laurence A. Marschall

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Saturn’s rings—stretching tens of thousands of miles above its equator but no more than a few hundred yards thick—mark an ancient debris field of orbiting ice shards, the remains of a moon-sized object that strayed too close and was torn to pieces by Saturn’s intense gravitation. Astronomers have debated when the rings formed and how long they will stay in orbit. Recent observations from large, land-based telescopes and orbiting spacecraft reveal that Saturn’s rings are remarkably young and are dissipating at a rapid rate. [excerpt]

From Big Science To “Deep Science”, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The Standard Model of particle physics has accomplished a great deal including the discovery of Higgs boson in 2012. However, since the supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model has not been successful so far, some physicists are asking what alternative deeper theory could be beyond the Standard Model? This article discusses the relationship between mathematics and physical reality and explores the ways to go from Big Science to “Deep Science”.

Taller In The Saddle: Constraining Cmb Physics Using Saddle Points, Jow L. Dylan, Dagoberto Contreras, Douglas Scott, Emory F. Bunn

Physics Faculty Publications

The statistics of extremal points in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature (hot and cold spots) have been well explored in the literature, and have been used to constrain models of the early Universe. Here, we extend the study of critical points in the CMB to the set that remains after removing extrema, namely the saddle points. We perform stacks of temperature and polarization about temperature saddle points in simulations of the CMB, as well as in data from the Plancksatellite. We then compute the theoretical profile of saddle-point stacks, given the underlying power spectra of the CMB. As an …

Kondo Signatures Of A Quantum Magnetic Impurity In Topological Superconductors, Rui Wang, Wei-Yi Su, Jian-Xin Zhu, Chin-Sen Ting, Hai Li, Changfeng Chen, Baigeng Wang, Xiaoqun Wang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

We study the Kondo physics of a quantum magnetic impurity in two-dimensional topological superconductors (TSCs), either intrinsic or induced on the surface of a bulk topological insulator, using a numerical renormalization group technique. We show that, despite sharing the p+ip pairing symmetry, intrinsic and extrinsic TSCs host different physical processes that produce distinct Kondo signatures. Extrinsic TSCs harbor an unusual screening mechanism involving both electron and orbital degrees of freedom that produces rich and prominent Kondo phenomena, especially an intriguing pseudospin Kondo singlet state in the superconducting gap and a spatially anisotropic spin correlation. In sharp contrast, intrinsic TSCs support …

Erratum: “The Sluggs Survey: A Catalog Of Globular Cluster Radial Velocities” (2017, Aj, 153, 114), Duncan Forbes, Adebusola Alabi, Jean Brodie, Aaron Romanowsky, Jay Strader, Caroline Foster, Christopher Usher, Lee Spitler, Sabine Bellstedt, Nicola Pastorello, Sreeja Kartha, Zach Jennings, Alexa Villaume, Asher Wasserman, Vincenzo Pota

Faculty Publications

We would like to point out to the reader that the catalog of globular cluster (GC) radial velocities (listed in Table 5) still contains some multiple entries. In such cases GCs were observed more than once and are recorded in Table 5 with a unique GC ID, along with their coordinates and radial velocity measurement. If the reader wishes to exclude, or average, multiple measurements then GCs within one spatial pixel (i.e., 0.119 arcsec) in R.A. and decl. can be identified. This would include two dozen GCs in the galaxies NGC 720, 1407, 2768, 3608, 4365, 4459, 4474, and 4697. …

Book Review: Exoplanets : Hidden Worlds And The Quest For Extraterrestrial Life, T. D. Oswalt

Publications

This document is Dr. Oswalt’s review of Exoplanets : Hidden Worlds and the Quest for Extraterrestrial Life. Harvard, 2018. 254p bibl index, 9780674976900 $24.95, 9780674988897

Nanosat Tracking And Identification Techniques And Technologies, Mark A. Skinner

Space Traffic Management Conference

Nanosats (and CubeSats, ‘Smallsats’, etc.) are of order 10 cm in size, and are at or near the limits of what can be tracked and characterized, using existing space surveillance assets. Additionally, given the CubeSat form-factor, they are often launched in large numbers (scores), and can be virtually identical. Thus are they difficult to track and to identify.

We have identified a number of technologies that future nanosat missions could employ that would enhance the trackability and/or identification of their satellites when on-orbit. Some of these technologies require active illumination of the satellite with electromagnetic energy, either in the radio …

Resolved Young Binary Systems And Their Disks, R. L. Akeson, Eric L.N. Jensen, J. Carpenter, L. Ricci, S. Laos, N. F. Nogueira, Emma M. Suen-Lewis , '18

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

We have conducted a survey of young single and multiple systems in the Taurus–Auriga star-forming region with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), substantially improving both the spatial resolution and sensitivity with which individual protoplanetary disks in these systems have been observed. These ALMA observations can resolve binary separations as small as 25–30 au and have an average 3σ detection level of 0.35 mJy, equivalent to a disk mass of 4 × 10−5 M _⊙ for an M3 star. Our sample was constructed from stars that have an infrared excess and/or signs of accretion and have been classified as Class …

Multiple Spiral Arms In The Disk Around Intermediate-Mass Binary Hd 34700a, John D. Monnier, Tim Harries, Jaehan Bae, Benjamin R. Setterholm, Anna Laws, Alicia Aarnio, Fred C. Adams, Sean Andrews, Nuria Calvet, Catherine Espaillat, Lee Hartmann, Stefan Kraus, Melissa Mcclure, Chris Miller, Rebecca Oppenheimer, David Wilner, Zhaohuan Zhu

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

We present the first images of the transition disk around the close binary system HD 34700A in polarized scattered light using the Gemini Planet Imager instrument on Gemini South. The J and H band images reveal multiple spiral-arm structures outside a large (R = 0.49" = 175 au) cavity along with a bluish spiral structure inside the cavity. The cavity wall shows a strong discontinuity and we clearly see significant non-azimuthal polarization Uphi consistent with multiple scattering within a disk at an inferred inclination ~42deg. Radiative transfer modeling along with a new Gaia distance suggest HD 37400A is a young …

Li And Na Adsorption On Graphene And Graphene Oxide Examined By Density Functional Theory Quantum Theory Of Atoms In Molecules And Electron Localization Function, Nicholas Dimakis, Isaiah Salas, Luis Gonzalez, Om Vadodaria, Korinna Ruiz, Muhammad I. Bhatti

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Adsorption of Li and Na on pristine and defective graphene and graphene oxide (GO) is studied using density functional theory (DFT) structural and electronic calculations, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and electron localization function (ELF) analyses. DFT calculations show that Li and Na adsorptions on pristine graphene are not stable at all metal coverages examined here. However, the presence of defects on graphene support stabilizes both Li and Na adsorptions. Increased Li and Na coverages cause metal nucleation and weaken adsorption. Defective graphene is associated with the presence of band gaps and, thus, Li and Na adsorptions can …

Investigation Of The Asteroid - Neutron Star Collision Model For The Repeating Fast Radio Burst, Jeremy L. Smallwood, Rebecca G. Martin, Bing Zhang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

The origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is still a mystery. One model proposed to interpret the only known repeating object, FRB 121102, is that the radio emission is generated from asteroids colliding with a highly magnetized neutron star (NS). With N-body simulations, we model a debris disc around a central star with an eccentric orbit intruding NS. As the NS approaches the first periastron passage, most of the comets are scattered away rather than being accreted by the NS. To match the observed FRB rate, the debris belt would have to be at least 3 orders of magnitude more …

Long-Term Spot Monitoring Of The Young Solar Analogue V889 Herculis, Teemu Willamo, Thomas Hackman, Jyri J. Lehtinen, Maarit J. Käpylä, Ilya Ilyin, Gregory W. Henry, Lauri Jetsu, Oleg Kochukhov, Nikolai Piskunov

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

Context. Starspots are important manifestations of stellar magnetic activity. By studying their behaviour in young solar analogues, we can unravel the properties of their magnetic cycles. This gives crucial information of the underlying dynamo process. Comparisons with the solar cycle enable us to infer knowledge about how the solar dynamo has evolved during the Sun’s lifetime.

Aims. Here we study the correlation between photometric brightness variations, spottedness, and mean temperature in V889 Her, a young solar analogue. Our data covers 18 years of spectroscopic and 25 years of photometric observations.

Methods. We use Doppler imaging to derive …

Misaligned Accretion Disc Formation Via Kozai-Lidov Oscillations, Alessia Franchini, Rebecca G. Martin, Stephen H. Lubow

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

We investigate the formation and evolution of misaligned accretion discs around the secondary component of a binary through mass transfer driven by Kozai–Lidov (KL) oscillations of the circumprimary disc’s eccentricity and inclination. We perform smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations to study the amount of mass transferred to the secondary star as a function of both the disc and binary parameters. For the range of parameters we explore, we find that increasing the disc aspect ratio, viscosity parameter, and initial inclination as well as decreasing the binary mass ratio leads to larger amount of mass transfer, up to a maximum of about …

Infrared Spectroscopy Of Symbiotic Stars. Xii. The Neutron Star Syxb System 4u 1700+24 = V934 Herculis, Kenneth H. Hinkle, Francis C. Fekel, Richard Joyce, Joanna Mikołajewska, Cezary Gałan, Thomas Lebzelter

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

The X-ray symbiotic (SyXB) V934 Her = 4U 1700+24 is an M giant–neutron star (NS) binary system. Employing optical and infrared radial velocities spanning 29 yr combined with the extensive velocities in the literature, we compute the spectroscopic orbit of the M giant in that system. We determine an orbital period of 4391 days, or 12.0 yr, the longest for any SyXB and far longer than the 404 day orbit commonly cited for this system in the literature. In addition to the 12.0 yr orbital period, we find a shorter period of 420 days, similar to the one previously found. …

Giant Planet Effects On Terrestrial Planet Formation And System Architecture, Anna C. Childs, Elisa Quintana, Thomas Barclay, Jason H. Steffen

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

Using an updated collision model, we conduct a suite of high-resolution N-body integrations to probe the relationship between giant planet mass and terrestrial planet formation and system architecture. We vary the mass of the planets that reside at Jupiter’s and Saturn’s orbit and examine the effects on the interior terrestrial system. We find that massive giant planets are more likely to eject material from the outer edge of the terrestrial disc and produce terrestrial planets that are on smaller, more circular orbits. We do not find a strong correlation between exterior giant planet mass and the number of Earth analogues …

On The Broad-Band Synchrotron Spectra Of Pulsar Wind Nebulae, Siyao Xu, Noel Klinger, Oleg Kargaltsev, Bing Zhang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Research

As shown by broad-band observations, pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are characterized by a broken power-law spectrum of synchrotron emission. Based on the modern magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence theories, we investigate the re-acceleration of electrons in the PWN through the adiabatic stochastic acceleration (ASA), which arises from fundamental dynamics of MHD turbulence. The ASA acts to flatten the injected energy spectrum of electrons at low energies, while synchrotron cooling results in a steep spectrum of electrons at high energies. Their dominance in different energy ranges leads to a flat radio spectrum (Fν ) and a steep X-ray spectrum. Our analytical spectral shapes …

Bright Opportunities For Atmospheric Characterization Of Small Planets: Masses And Radii Of K2-3 B, C, And D And Gj3470 B From Radial Velocity Measurements And Spitzer Transits, Molly Kosiarek, Ian J. M. Crossfield, Kevin K. Hardegree-Ullman, John H. Livingston, Björn Benneke, Gregory W. Henry, Ward S. Howard, David A. Berardo, Sarah C. Blunt, Benjamin J. Fulton, Lea A. Hirsch, Andrew W. Howard, Howard Isaacson, Erik A. Petigura, Evan Sinukoff, Lauren M. Weiss, Xavier Bonfils, Courtney D. Dressing, Heather Knutson, Joshua E. Schlieder, Michael Werner, Varoujan Gorjian, Jessica Krick, Farisa Y. Morales, Nicola Astudillo-Defru, J. M. Almenara, Xavier Delfosse, Thierry Forveille, Christophe Lovis, Michel Mayor, Felipe Murgas, Francesco Pepe, Nuno C. Santos, Stephane Udry, Henry T. Corbett, Octavi Fors, Nicholas M. Law, Jeffrey K. Ratzloff, Daniel Del Ser

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

We report improved masses, radii, and densities for four planets in two bright M-dwarf systems, K2-3 and GJ3470, derived from a combination of new radial velocity and transit observations. Supplementing K2 photometry with follow-up Spitzer transit observations refined the transit ephemerides of K2-3 b, c, and d by over a factor of 10. We analyze ground-based photometry from the Evryscope and Fairborn Observatory to determine the characteristic stellar activity timescales for our Gaussian Process fit, including the stellar rotation period and activity region decay timescale. The stellar rotation signals for both stars are evident in the radial velocity data and …

Extreme Resonance Line Profile Variations In The Ultraviolet Spectra Of Ngc 1624-2: Probing The Giant Magnetosphere Of The Most Strongly Magnetized Known O-Type Star, A. David-Uraz, C. Erba, V. Petit, A. W. Fullerton, F. Martins, N. R. Walborn, R. Macinnis, R. H. Barbá, David H. Cohen, J. Maíz Apellániz, Y. Nazé, S. P. Owocki, J. O. Sundqvist, A Ud-Doula, G. A. Wade

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

In this paper, we present high-resolution HST/COS observations of the extreme magnetic O star NGC 1624-2. These represent the first ultraviolet spectra of this archetypal object. We examine the variability of its wind-sensitive resonance lines, comparing it to that of other known magnetic O stars. In particular, the observed variations in the profiles of the C  iv and Si  iv doublets between low state and high state are the largest observed in any magnetic O-type star, consistent with the expected properties of NGC 1624-2’s magnetosphere. We also observe a redshifted absorption component in the low state, a feature not seen …

Diagnosing The Clumpy Protoplanetary Disk Of The Uxor Type Young Star Gm Cephei, P. C. Huang, W. P. Chen, M. Mugrauer, R. Bischoff, J. Budaj, O. Burkhonov, S. Ehgamberdiev, R. Errmann, Z. Garai, H. Y. Hsiao, C. L. Hu, R. Janulis, Eric L.N. Jensen, S. Kiyota, K. Kuramoto, C. S. Lin, H. C. Lin, J. Z. Liu, O. Lux, H. Naito, R. Neuhäuser, J. Ohlert, E. Pakštienė, T. Pribulla, J. K. T. Qvam, S. Raetz, S. Sato, M. Schwartz, E. Semkov, S. Takagi, D. Wagner, M. Watanabe, Y. Zhang

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

UX Orionis stars (UXors) are Herbig Ae/Be or T Tauri stars exhibiting sporadic occultation of stellar light by circumstellar dust. GM Cephei is such a UXor in the young (∼4 Myr) open cluster Trumpler 37, showing prominent infrared excess, emission-line spectra, and flare activity. Our photometric monitoring (2008–2018) detects (1) an ∼3.43 day period, likely arising from rotational modulation by surface starspots, (2) sporadic brightening on timescales of days due to accretion, (3) irregular minor flux drops due to circumstellar dust extinction, and (4) major flux drops, each lasting for a couple of months with a recurrence time, though not …

Simulations Of Microscopic Propulsion Of Soft Elastic Bodies, David Urbanik, Shikhar Man Dwivedi, Colin Denniston

Physics and Astronomy Publications

Using simulations that realistically model both hydrodynamic and elastic behavior, we study the motion of a microscopic, driven elastic sphere immersed in water. We first confirm the “jittery” relaxation recently predicted theoretically for an externally driven elastic sphere. The sphere is then divided in two and each section is driven internally with the two sections 180° out of phase. With periodic and perfectly symmetric driving, the elastic sphere spontaneously breaks symmetry and can attain macroscopic average swimming velocities to the right or left, the direction depending only on the initial state. With asymmetric driving the elastic sphere swims in one …