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2013

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Articles 181 - 210 of 371

Full-Text Articles in Astrophysics and Astronomy

Discovering Exoplanets Through Hidden Markov Model Analysis, Jon Drobny May 2013

Discovering Exoplanets Through Hidden Markov Model Analysis, Jon Drobny

Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Research Publications

The goal for the project is to develop a Hidden Markov Model for the detection and characterization of extrasolar planets through the analysis of light curves.


An Imaging Neutron/Gamma-Ray Spectrometer, Amanda C. Madden, Peter F. Bloser, Dominique Fourguette, Liane Larocque, Matt Lewis, Jason S. Legere, Mark L. Mcconnell, Marissa Rouseau, James M. Ryan May 2013

An Imaging Neutron/Gamma-Ray Spectrometer, Amanda C. Madden, Peter F. Bloser, Dominique Fourguette, Liane Larocque, Matt Lewis, Jason S. Legere, Mark L. Mcconnell, Marissa Rouseau, James M. Ryan

Space Science Center

We present the test results of a neutron/gamma-ray imaging spectrometer for the identification and location of radioactive and special nuclear materials. Radioactive materials that could be fashioned into a radiation dispersal device typically emit gamma rays, while fissile materials such as uranium and plutonium emit both neutrons and gamma rays via spontaneous or induced fission. The simultaneous detection of neutrons and gamma rays is a clear indication of the presence of fissile material. The instrument works as a double-scatter telescope, requiring a neutron or gamma ray to undergo an interaction in two detectors to be considered a valid event. While …


Spectro-Astrometry Of Water In Dr Tauri, Logan Brown, Matthew Troutman, Erika Gibb May 2013

Spectro-Astrometry Of Water In Dr Tauri, Logan Brown, Matthew Troutman, Erika Gibb

Physics Faculty Works

We present high-resolution, near-infrared spectro-astrometric (SA) data for the T Tauri star DR Tau using NIRSPEC at the Keck II telescope. Spectro-astrometry obtains sub-seeing spatial information from emission lines originating in a non-point source object, such as a circumstellar disk. We report the first detection of water SA signatures in a protoplanetary disk. Three water features near 3 μm were averaged together to produce the total signal analyzed. Using a disk model, we constrained the position angle of the disk (~140°), the inclination of the disk (~13°), and the emitting region of the emission lines (~0.056-0.38 AU).


Narrow-Line Region Gas Kinematics Of 24 264 Optically Selected Agn: The Radio Connection, J. R. Mullaney, D. M. Alexander, S. Fine, A. D. Goulding, C. M. Harrison, R. C. Hickox May 2013

Narrow-Line Region Gas Kinematics Of 24 264 Optically Selected Agn: The Radio Connection, J. R. Mullaney, D. M. Alexander, S. Fine, A. D. Goulding, C. M. Harrison, R. C. Hickox

Dartmouth Scholarship

Using a sample of 24 264 optically selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the SDSS DR7 data base, we characterize how the profile of the [O iii] λ5007 emission line relates to bolometric luminosity (LAGN), Eddington ratio, radio loudness, radio luminosity (L1.4 GHz) and optical class (i.e. broad/narrow-line Seyfert 1, type 2) to determine what drives the kinematics of this kpc-scale line emitting gas. First, we use spectral stacking to characterize how the average [O iii] λ5007 profile changes as a function of these five variables. After accounting for the known correlation between L …


Discontinuities And Alfvenic Fluctuations In The Solar Wind, G. Paschmann, S. Haaland, B. Sonnerup, T. Knetter May 2013

Discontinuities And Alfvenic Fluctuations In The Solar Wind, G. Paschmann, S. Haaland, B. Sonnerup, T. Knetter

Dartmouth Scholarship

We examine the Alfvenicity of a set of 188 solar wind directional discontinuities (DDs) identified in the Cluster data from 2003 by Knetter (2005), with the objective of separating rotational discontinuities (RDs) from tangential ones (TDs). The DDs occurred over the full range of solar wind velocities and magnetic shear angles. By performing the Walen test in the de Hoffmann–Teller (HT) frame, we show that 77 of the 127 crossings for which a good HT frame was found had plasma flow speeds exceeding 80 % of the Alfven speed at an average angular deviation of 7.7◦; 33 cases had speeds …


Infrared Spectroscopy Of Symbiotic Stars. Ix. D-Type Symbiotic Novae, Kenneth H. Hinkle, Francis C. Fekel, Richard R. Joyce, Peter R. Wood May 2013

Infrared Spectroscopy Of Symbiotic Stars. Ix. D-Type Symbiotic Novae, Kenneth H. Hinkle, Francis C. Fekel, Richard R. Joyce, Peter R. Wood

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

Time-series spectra of the near-infrared 1.6 μm region have been obtained for five of the six known D-type symbiotic novae. The spectra map the pulsation kinematics of the Mira component in the Mira–white dwarf binary system and provide the center-of-mass velocity for the Mira. No orbital motion is detected in agreement with previous estimates of orbital periods ≳100 yr and semimajor axes ∼50 AU. The 1–5 μm spectra of the Miras show line weakening during dust obscuration events. This results from scattering and continuum emission by 1000 K dust. In the heavily obscured HM Sge system the 4.6 μm CO …


Estimations Of The Magnetic Field Strength In The Torus Of Ic 5063 Using Near-Infrared Polarimetry, E. Lopez-Rodriguez, C. Packham, S. Young, Moshe Elitzur, N. A. Levenson, R. E. Mason, C. Ramos Almeida, A. Alonso-Herrero, T. J. Jones, E. Perlman May 2013

Estimations Of The Magnetic Field Strength In The Torus Of Ic 5063 Using Near-Infrared Polarimetry, E. Lopez-Rodriguez, C. Packham, S. Young, Moshe Elitzur, N. A. Levenson, R. E. Mason, C. Ramos Almeida, A. Alonso-Herrero, T. J. Jones, E. Perlman

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

An optically and geometrically thick torus obscures the central engine of active galactic nuclei (AGN) from some lines of sight. From a magnetohydrodynamical framework, the torus can be considered to be a particular region of clouds surrounding the central engine where the clouds are dusty and optically thick. In this framework, the magnetic field plays an important role in the creation, morphology and evolution of the torus. If the dust grains within the clouds are assumed to be aligned by paramagnetic alignment, then the ratio of the intrinsic polarization and visual extinction, P(per cent)/Av, is a …


The X-Ray Properties Of Optically Selected Clusters Of Galaxies, A. K. Hicks, G. W. Pratt, M. Donahue, E. Ellingson, M. Gladders, H. Böhringer, H. K. C. Yee, Renbin Yan, J. H. Croston, D. G. Gilbank May 2013

The X-Ray Properties Of Optically Selected Clusters Of Galaxies, A. K. Hicks, G. W. Pratt, M. Donahue, E. Ellingson, M. Gladders, H. Böhringer, H. K. C. Yee, Renbin Yan, J. H. Croston, D. G. Gilbank

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present the results of Chandra and Suzaku X-ray observations of nine moderate-redshift (0.16 < z < 0.42) clusters discovered via the Red-sequence Cluster Survey (RCS). Surface brightness profiles are fitted to β-models, gas masses are determined, integrated spectra are extracted within R2500, and X-ray temperatures and luminosities are inferred. TheLX–TX relationship expected from self-similar evolution is tested by comparing this sample to our previous X-ray investigation of nine high-redshift (0.6 < z < 1.0) optically selected clusters. We find that optically selected clusters are systematically less luminous than X-ray selected clusters of similar X-ray temperature at both moderate and high z. We are unable to constrain evolution in the LX–TX relation with these data, but find it consistent with no evolution, within relatively large uncertainties. To investigate selection effects, we compare the X-ray properties of our sample to those of clusters in the …


Improved Orbital Parameters And Transit Monitoring For Hd 156846b, S. R. Kane, A. W. Howard, G. Pilyavsky, S. Mahadevan, G. W. Henry, K. Von Braun, D. R. Ciardi, D. Dragomir, D. A. Fischer, Eric L.N. Jensen, G. Laughlin, S. V. Ramirez, J. T. Wright May 2013

Improved Orbital Parameters And Transit Monitoring For Hd 156846b, S. R. Kane, A. W. Howard, G. Pilyavsky, S. Mahadevan, G. W. Henry, K. Von Braun, D. R. Ciardi, D. Dragomir, D. A. Fischer, Eric L.N. Jensen, G. Laughlin, S. V. Ramirez, J. T. Wright

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

HD 156846b is a Jovian planet in a highly eccentric orbit (e = 0.85) with a period of 359.55 days. The pericenter passage at a distance of 0.16 AU is nearly aligned to our line of sight, offering an enhanced transit probability of 5.4% and a potentially rich probe of the dynamics of a cool planetary atmosphere impulsively heated during close approach to a bright star (V = 6.5). We present new radial velocity (RV) and photometric measurements of this star as part of the Transit Ephemeris Refinement and Monitoring Survey. The RV measurements from the Keck-High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer …


Studies Of Ngc 6720 With Calibrated Hst/Wfc3 Emission-Line Filter Images. Iii. Tangential Motions Using Astrodrizzle Images, C. R. O'Dell, Gary J. Ferland, W. J. Henney, M. Peimbert May 2013

Studies Of Ngc 6720 With Calibrated Hst/Wfc3 Emission-Line Filter Images. Iii. Tangential Motions Using Astrodrizzle Images, C. R. O'Dell, Gary J. Ferland, W. J. Henney, M. Peimbert

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We have been able to compare with astrometric precision AstroDrizzle processed images of NGC 6720 (the Ring Nebula) made using two cameras on the Hubble Space Telescope. The time difference of the observations was 12.925 yr. This large time base allowed the determination of tangential velocities of features within this classic planetary nebula. Individual features were measured in [N II] images as were the dark knots seen in silhouette against background nebular [O III] emission. An image magnification and matching technique was also used to test the accuracy of the usual assumption of homologous expansion. We found that homologous …


The Prevalence Of Dust On The Exoplanet Hd 189733b From Hubble And Spitzer Observations, Frederic Pont, David K. Sing, Neale P. Gibson, Suzanne Aigrain, Gregory W. Henry, Nawal Husnoo May 2013

The Prevalence Of Dust On The Exoplanet Hd 189733b From Hubble And Spitzer Observations, Frederic Pont, David K. Sing, Neale P. Gibson, Suzanne Aigrain, Gregory W. Henry, Nawal Husnoo

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

The hot Jupiter HD 189733b is the most extensively observed exoplanet. Its atmosphere has been detected and characterized in transmission and eclipse spectroscopy, and its phase curve measured at several wavelengths. This paper brings together the results of our campaign to obtain the complete transmission spectrum of the atmosphere of this planet from UV to infrared with the Hubble Space Telescope, using the STIS, ACS and WFC3 instruments. We provide a new tabulation of the transmission spectrum across the entire visible and infrared range. The radius ratio in each wavelength band was re-derived, where necessary, to ensure a consistent treatment …


Accurate Hyperfine Coupling Calculations Of Radiation Induced Dna Constituent Radicals Using Density Functional Theory., Xiqiao Wang May 2013

Accurate Hyperfine Coupling Calculations Of Radiation Induced Dna Constituent Radicals Using Density Functional Theory., Xiqiao Wang

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Previous density functional theory (DFT) calculations of hyperfine coupling constants (HFCC) on single nucleic acid base radicals agree well with the EPR/ENDOR experiments’ values on radiation induced nucleic acid constituents radicals, except for four problem cases,1 namely the N1-deprotonated cytosine cation radical, the native guanine cation radical, the N3-deprotonated 5’-dCMP cation radical and the N7-H, O6-H protonated 5’-GMP anion. The main effort of the present work is to address these four discrepancies by using the highly parameterized density functional M05/6-2X and by including the crystalline environment’s H-bonding effects in the calculations. The geometries of the four model radicals are optimized …


Reactive Intermediates In Hypoxia-Selective Dna Damage., Olivia Miller May 2013

Reactive Intermediates In Hypoxia-Selective Dna Damage., Olivia Miller

Undergraduate Honors Theses

A group of prospective drugs with the aromatic di-N-oxide (ANO) functionality as the common feature are currently undergoing testing for the ability to selectively target tumors surrounded by normal tissues. It has been long recognized that the mechanism of biological activity of these drugs involves DNA damage by free radical species generated through one-electron reduction, although the exact nature of the reactive intermediate responsible for DNA damage remains uncertain. It is believed, however, that one of the key factors defining, in particular, hypoxic selectivity of these drugs is the rate of N-O bond scission in the one-electron reduced intermediate. In …


Host Star Properties And Transit Exclusion For The Hd 38529 Planetary System, G. W. Henry, S. R. Kane, S. X. Wang, T. S. Boyajian, K. Von Braun, D. R. Ciardi, D. Dragomir, C. Farrington, D. A. Fischer, N. R. Hinkel, A. W. Howard, Eric L.N. Jensen, G. Laughlin, S. Mahadevan, G. Pilyavsky May 2013

Host Star Properties And Transit Exclusion For The Hd 38529 Planetary System, G. W. Henry, S. R. Kane, S. X. Wang, T. S. Boyajian, K. Von Braun, D. R. Ciardi, D. Dragomir, C. Farrington, D. A. Fischer, N. R. Hinkel, A. W. Howard, Eric L.N. Jensen, G. Laughlin, S. Mahadevan, G. Pilyavsky

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

The transit signature of exoplanets provides an avenue through which characterization of exoplanetary properties may be undertaken, such as studies of mean density, structure, and atmospheric composition. The Transit Ephemeris Refinement and Monitoring Survey is a program to expand the catalog of transiting planets around bright host stars by refining the orbits of known planets discovered with the radial velocity technique. Here we present results for the HD 38529 system. We determine fundamental properties of the host star through direct interferometric measurements of the radius and through spectroscopic analysis. We provide new radial velocity measurements that are used to improve …


Planet Hunters: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet In A Quadruple Star System, Megan E. Schwamb, William C. Keel May 2013

Planet Hunters: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet In A Quadruple Star System, Megan E. Schwamb, William C. Keel

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

We report the discovery and confirmation of a transiting circumbinary planet (PH1b) around KIC 4862625, an eclipsing binary in the Kepler field. The planet was discovered by volunteers searching the first six Quarters of publicly available Kepler data as part of the Planet Hunters citizen science project. Transits of the planet across the larger and brighter of the eclipsing stars are detectable by visual inspection every ∼137 days, with seven transits identified in Quarters 1–11. The physical and orbital parameters of both the host stars and planet were obtained via a photometric-dynamical model, simultaneously fitting both the measured radial velocities …


Cluster Expansion Models Via Bayesian Compressive Sensing, Lance Jacob Nelson May 2013

Cluster Expansion Models Via Bayesian Compressive Sensing, Lance Jacob Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

The steady march of new technology depends crucially on our ability to discover and design new, advanced materials. Partially due to increases in computing power, computational methods are now having an increased role in this discovery process. Advances in this area speed the discovery and development of advanced materials by guiding experimental work down fruitful paths. Density functional theory (DFT)has proven to be a highly accurate tool for computing material properties. However, due to its computational cost and complexity, DFT is unsuited to performing exhaustive searches over many candidate materials or for extracting thermodynamic information. To perform these types of …


Improving The Catalytic Activity Of Semiconductor Nanocrystals Through Selective Domain Etching, Elena Khon, Kelly Lambright, Rony S. Khnayzer, Pavel Moroz, Dimuthu Perera, Evgeniia Butaeva, Scott Lambright, Felix N. Castellano, Mikhail Zamkov May 2013

Improving The Catalytic Activity Of Semiconductor Nanocrystals Through Selective Domain Etching, Elena Khon, Kelly Lambright, Rony S. Khnayzer, Pavel Moroz, Dimuthu Perera, Evgeniia Butaeva, Scott Lambright, Felix N. Castellano, Mikhail Zamkov

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Colloidal chemistry offers an assortment of synthetic tools for tuning the shape of semiconductor nanocrystals. While many nanocrystal architectures can be obtained directly via colloidal growth, other nanoparticle morphologies require alternative processing strategies. Here, we show that chemical etching of colloidal nanoparticles can facilitate the realization of nanocrystal shapes that are topologically inaccessible by hot-injection techniques alone. The present methodology is demonstrated by synthesizing a two-component CdSe/CdS nanoparticle dimer, constructed in a way that both CdSe and CdS semiconductor domains are exposed to the external environment. This structural morphology is highly desirable for catalytic applications as it enables both reductive …


Modeling The Spectral Energy Distribution Of Mrk 421, Randall L. Oglesby May 2013

Modeling The Spectral Energy Distribution Of Mrk 421, Randall L. Oglesby

Physics

Blazars are astronomical objects thought to be powered by the release of gravitational energy by accretion of material into a supermassive black hole located in the central region of the host galaxy. Some AGN present strong relativistic outflows in the form of jets, with blazars being the particular subset whose jets are aligned with our line of sight. Even though blazars account for only a small fraction of all AGN, they are the dominant class source in the high-energy sky. In this thesis we study the spectral energy distribution of Mrk 421, a prototypical blazar. Using publicly available numerical code …


Discovery Of A Relation Between Black Hole Mass And Soft X-Ray Time Lags In Active Galactic Nuclei, B. De Marco, G. Ponti, M. Cappi, M. Dadina, P. Uttley, E. M. Cackett, A. C. Fabian, G. Miniutti May 2013

Discovery Of A Relation Between Black Hole Mass And Soft X-Ray Time Lags In Active Galactic Nuclei, B. De Marco, G. Ponti, M. Cappi, M. Dadina, P. Uttley, E. M. Cackett, A. C. Fabian, G. Miniutti

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Research Publications

We carried out a systematic analysis of time lags between X-ray energy bands in a large sample (32 sources) of unabsorbed, radio quiet active galactic nuclei (AGN), observed by XMM-Newton. The analysis of X-ray lags (up to the highest/shortest frequencies/time-scales), is performed in the Fourier-frequency domain, between energy bands where the soft excess (soft band) and the primary power law (hard band) dominate the emission. We report a total of 15 out of 32 sources displaying a high-frequency soft lag in their light curves. All 15 are at a significance level exceeding 97 per cent and 11 are at a …


Section Abstracts: Astronomy, Mathematics And Physics May 2013

Section Abstracts: Astronomy, Mathematics And Physics

Virginia Journal of Science

Abstracts of the Astronomy, Mathematics and Physics Section for the 91st Annual Virginia Journal of Science Meeting, May 2013


Tracers Of Chromospheric Structure.I. Ca Ii H&K Emission Distribution Of 13,000 F, G, And K Stars In Sdss Dr7 Spectroscopic Sample, J K. Zhao, Terry D. Oswalt, G Zhao, Q H. Lu, A L. Luo, L Y. Zhang May 2013

Tracers Of Chromospheric Structure.I. Ca Ii H&K Emission Distribution Of 13,000 F, G, And K Stars In Sdss Dr7 Spectroscopic Sample, J K. Zhao, Terry D. Oswalt, G Zhao, Q H. Lu, A L. Luo, L Y. Zhang

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

We present chromospheric activity index SHK measurements for over 13,000 F, G, and K disk stars with high signal-to-noise ratio (>60) spectra in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7 (DR7) spectroscopic sample. A parameter δS is defined as the difference between SHK and a “zero” emission line fitted by several of the most inactive stars. The SHK indices of subgiant stars tend to be much lower than dwarfs, which provide a way to distinguish dwarfs and giants with relatively low-resolution spectra. Cooler stars are generally more active and display a larger scatter than hotter stars. Stars …


Einstein A Coefficients For Rovibronic Lines Of The A2Π → X2Σ+ And B'2Σ+ → X 2Σ+ Transitions Of Mgh, Ehsan Gharibnezhad, Alireza Ahayesteh, Peter F. Bernath May 2013

Einstein A Coefficients For Rovibronic Lines Of The A2Π → X2Σ+ And B'2Σ+ → X 2Σ+ Transitions Of Mgh, Ehsan Gharibnezhad, Alireza Ahayesteh, Peter F. Bernath

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Einstein A coefficients have been calculated for rovibronic lines of the A2Π →X2Σ+ and B'2Σ+ →X2Σ+ transitions of 24MgH. Using the experimentally determined analytic potential energy curve for the X2Σ+ state, and the Rydberg-Klein-Rees potentials for the A2Π and B'2Σ+ states, combined with the most recent ab initio transition dipole moments, rovibronic transition moments were computed. The rovibronic transition frequencies were obtained accurately by subtracting the published term values of the X2Σ+, A2Π and B' …


The Fine-Tuning Of Nomic Behavior In Multiverse Scenarios, Max Lewis Edward Andrews May 2013

The Fine-Tuning Of Nomic Behavior In Multiverse Scenarios, Max Lewis Edward Andrews

Masters Theses

The multiverse hypothesis (the view that there is not just one world or universe in existence, bur rather that there are many) is the leading alternative to the competing fine-tuning hypothesis (the laws of physics and constants are fine-tuned for the existence of life). The multiverse dispels many aspects of the fine-tuning argument by suggesting that there are different initial conditions in each universe, varying constants of physics, and the laws of nature lose their known arbitrary values; thus, making the previous single-universe argument from fine- tuning incredibly weak. The position that will be advocated will be that a form …


Co-Production Of Nitrogen-15 And Oxygen-18 In Explosive Helium Burning And Implications For Supernova Graphite Grains, Michael Bojazi May 2013

Co-Production Of Nitrogen-15 And Oxygen-18 In Explosive Helium Burning And Implications For Supernova Graphite Grains, Michael Bojazi

All Theses

My Masters research involves simulations of a supernova whereby a shock wave of constant Mach number is sent through a 15-solar-mass star evolved to the point of core-collapse. The resulting nucleosynthesis is examined with the intent of explaining the overproduction, relative to solar values, of nitrogen-15 and oxygen-18 abundances in supernova presolar graphite grains, as experimentally determined by Groopman et al. via a NanoSIMS analysis. We find such overabundances to be present in the helium-rich zone. Oxygen-18 is leftover from presupernova helium burning while nitrogen-15 is produced by explosive helium burning. Interestingly, anomalous excesses in molybdenum-95 and molybdenum-97 abundances in …


Investigation Of A Lagrangian-Point Propellant Depot Rendezvous Approach For An Interplanetary Mission To Mars, Joshua W. Ehrlich May 2013

Investigation Of A Lagrangian-Point Propellant Depot Rendezvous Approach For An Interplanetary Mission To Mars, Joshua W. Ehrlich

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

This thesis investigates the feasibility of a refueling station for a beyond Earth orbit (BEO) mission. The propellant depot is located at the L2 -Lagrangian point within the Earth-Moon system. This investigation determines if a refueling mission will reduce propulsive energy requirements necessary for Earth departure of a BEO-vehicle to achieve an interplanetary transfer to Mars. Furthermore, this research presents a trade study which identifies approximate total requirements for a direct and rendezvous mission to Mars as well as the necessary fuel masses to complete each approach. This analysis provides conclusive information in determining the benefits in utilizing a …


On Chlorine Salts: Their Detection, Stability And Implications For Water On Mars And Europa, Jennifer Hanley May 2013

On Chlorine Salts: Their Detection, Stability And Implications For Water On Mars And Europa, Jennifer Hanley

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Chlorine salts (e.g. chlorides, chlorates and perchlorates) are an important factor in the stability of water on the surfaces of planetary bodies. Here we have shown that perchlorate and chlorate salts will lower the freezing point of water, allowing it to be liquid down to ~204 K. These salts will also slow down the evaporation rate, extending the lifetime of the liquid water solution. Chlorine salts have been detected on Mars, which has significant implications for the stability of water and hence its habitability. To study their effects on the stability of water on planetary surfaces, we need to first …


Dissolution Rates Of Amorphous Al- And Fe-Phosphates And Their Relevance To Phosphate Mobility On Mars, Valerie Tu May 2013

Dissolution Rates Of Amorphous Al- And Fe-Phosphates And Their Relevance To Phosphate Mobility On Mars, Valerie Tu

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Phosphate is an essential element for life on Earth, and therefore if life exists or ever existed on Mars it may have required phosphate. Amorphous Al- and Fe-phosphates rapidly precipitate from acidic solutions and amorphous Al-phosphates likely control phosphate concentrations in some natural waters on Earth. Amorphous phases may be even more important on Mars than on Earth, and amorphous phosphates are therefore likely important in the phosphate cycle on Mars. Despite this importance, however, few dissolution rates exist for amorphous Al- and Fe- phosphates. In this study, dissolution rates of amorphous Al- and Fe-phosphates were measured in flow-through reactors …


How Accurately Can The Inclination Angle, Position Angle, And Location Of The Dynamic Center Be Measured From The Neutral Hydrogen Disk In The Central Regions Of Dwarf Galaxies?, John Henry Boisvert May 2013

How Accurately Can The Inclination Angle, Position Angle, And Location Of The Dynamic Center Be Measured From The Neutral Hydrogen Disk In The Central Regions Of Dwarf Galaxies?, John Henry Boisvert

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Rotation curves measured using Hi emission are a powerful tool for probing the mass distribution of galaxies. We investigate the accuracy with which rotation curves can be determined using the tilted-ring model. We have examined the effect of varying the dynamic center on measured rotation velocities within the inner regions of galaxies where the disagreement between theory and observation is the greatest. We examine a sample of dwarf galaxies (and one spiral galaxy) from the THINGS high-resolution survey (Walter et al. 2008). We find that the measured rotation curve is quite sensitive to the location of the dynamic center. This …


Active Galactic Nuclei Mergers And Outflows: Observations From Optical And Ultraviolet Emission Lines, Robert Scott Barrows May 2013

Active Galactic Nuclei Mergers And Outflows: Observations From Optical And Ultraviolet Emission Lines, Robert Scott Barrows

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

I have investigated the nature of a subset of active galactic nuclei (AGN) which show double peaks in their characteristic optical and ultraviolet emission lines. I have performed this investigation through studies of the broad emission line regions (BLRs), which are produced less than 1 pc from the central supermassive black hole (SMBH), and the narrow emission line regions (NLRs), which originate at larger (kpc) distances. The BLR studies consist of detailed line modeling of two individual quasars with double-peaked broad emission line profiles. The modeling suggests there are two primary interpretations of the complex broad line profiles. The first …


Magnesium Isotopic Compositions Of The Moon And Achondrites: Implications For Their Origin And Evolution, Fatemeh Sedaghatpour May 2013

Magnesium Isotopic Compositions Of The Moon And Achondrites: Implications For Their Origin And Evolution, Fatemeh Sedaghatpour

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The main objectives of this thesis are to estimate Mg isotopic compositions of the Moon and achondrites, to understand the behavior of Mg isotopes during magmatic differentiation processes in different planetary bodies, and to evaluate the extent of Mg isotopic heterogeneity in the solar system. In order to achieve these goals, Mg isotopes have been measured for 47 well-characterized lunar samples and 22 differentiated meteorites by MC-ICPMS. The limited Mg isotopic variations among mare and highland regolith, mare breccias, and highland impact-melt rocks reflect negligible Mg isotope fractionation during lunar surface processes (e.g. solar wind, cosmic rays, micrometeorite bombardments, meteorite …