Astrophysics and Astronomy | Open Access Articles

Book Review: The Amateur Astronomer's Introduction To The Celestial Sphere, T. D. Oswalt

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This document is Dr. Oswalt’s review of The Amateur Astronomer's Introduction to the Celestial Sphere by William Millar. Cambridge, 2006 299p, 052167123X $40.00, 9780521671231 $40.00.

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Observations Of Triboelectric Charging Effects On Langmuir-Type Probes In Dusty Plasma, Aroh Barjatya, Charles M. Swenson

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Investigation of Earth’s mesosphere using sounding rockets equipped with a myriad of instruments has been a highly active field in the last 2 decades. This paper presents data from three separate instruments: an RF impedance probe, a DC fixed bias Langmuir probe, and an electric field probe, that were flown on a mesospheric sounding rocket flight investigating the presence of charged dust within and/or around a sporadic metal layer. The combined data set indicates a case of payload surface charging, the causes of which are investigated within this paper. A generic circuit model is developed to analyze payload charging and …

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The Dust Cloud Around The White Dwarf G29-38, William T. Reach, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

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We present new observations of the white dwarf G29-38 with the camera (4.5 and 8 μm), photometer (24 μm), and spectrograph (5.5-14 μm) of the Spitzer Space Telescope. This star has an exceptionally large infrared excess, amounting to 3% of the bolometric luminosity. The spectral energy distribution (SED) has a continuum peak around 4.5 μm and a 9-11 μm emission feature 1.25 times brighter than the continuum. A mixture of amorphous olivine and a small amount of forsterite in an emitting region 1-5 R☉ from the star can reproduce the shape of the 9-11 μm feature. The SED …

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A Multisite Photometric Campaign On The Pre-Main-Sequence ₰ Delta Scuti Pulsator Ip Per, V. Ripepi, T. D. Oswalt, S. Bernabei, M. Marconi, Et Al.

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We present the results of a photometric multisite campaign on the δ Scuti Pre-Main-Sequence star IP Per. Nine telescopes have been involved in the observations, with a total of about 190 h of observations over 38 nights. Present data confirms the multiperiodic nature of this star and leads to the identification of at least nine pulsational frequencies. Comparison with the predictions of linear non-adiabatic radial pulsation models allowed us to identify only five of the nine observed frequencies, and to constrain the position of IP Per in the HR diagram. The latter is in good agreement with the empirical determination …

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Measuring The Evolution Of The Most Stable Optical Clock G 117-B15a, S. O. Kepler, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

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We report our measurement of the rate of change of period with time () for the 215 s periodicity in the pulsating white dwarf G 117-B15A, the most stable optical clock known. After 31 years of observations, we have finally obtained a 4 σ measurement observed = (4.27 ± 0.80) × 10-15 s s-1. Taking into account the proper-motion effect of proper = (7.0 ± 2.0) × 10-16s s-1, we obtain a rate of change of period with time of = (3.57 ± 0.82) × 10-15 s s-1. This value is consistent with the cooling rate in our white dwarf …

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Book Review: Stargazer: The Life And Times Of The Telescope, T. D. Oswalt

Publications

This document is Dr. Oswalt’s review of Stargazer : the Life and Times of the Telescope by Fred Watson. Da Capo, 2004 342p, 0306814323 $24.95

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Faint Blue Objects In The Hubble Deep Field–South Revealed: White Dwarfs, Subdwarfs, And Quasars, Mukremin Kilic, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

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We explore the nature of the faint blue objects in the Hubble Deep Field–South. We have derived proper motions for the point sources in the Hubble Deep Field–South using a 3 yr baseline. Combining our proper-motion measurements with spectral energy distribution fitting enabled us to identify four quasars and 42 stars, including three white dwarf candidates. Two of these white dwarf candidates, HDF-S 1444 and 895, are found to display significant proper motion, 21:1±7:9 and 34:9 ± 8:0 mas yr ^-¹, and are consistent with being thick-disk or halo white dwarfs located at ̴2 kpc. The other faint …

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Book Review: The Scientific Legacy Of Fred Hoyle, T. D. Oswalt

Publications

This document is Dr. Oswalt’s review of The Scientific Legacy of Fred Hoyle ed. by Douglas Gough Cambridge, 2004 249p, 0521824486 $75.00.

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Coordinated Cluster/Double Star Observations Of Dayside Reconnection Signatures, M. W. Dunlop, M. G. G. T. Taylor, J. A. Davies, C. J. Owen, F. Pitout, A. N. Fazakerley, K. Nykyri, Et Al.

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The recent launch of the equatorial spacecraft of the Double Star mission, TC-1, has provided an unprecedented opportunity to monitor the southern hemisphere dayside magnetopause boundary layer in conjunction with northern hemisphere observations by the quartet of Cluster spacecraft. We present first results of one such situation where, on 6 April 2004, both Cluster and the Double Star TC-1 spacecraft were on outbound transits through the dawnside magnetosphere. The observations are consistent with ongoing reconnection on the dayside magnetopause, resulting in a series of flux transfer events (FTEs) seen both at Cluster and TC-1, which appear to lie north and …

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Excess Infrared Radiation From The Massive Daz White Dwarf Gd 362: A Debris Disk?, Mukremin Kilic, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

Publications

We report the discovery of excess K-band radiation from the massive DAZ white dwarf star GD 362. Combining infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations, we show that the excess radiation cannot be explained by a stellar or substellar companion, and is likely to be caused by a debris disk. This would be only the second such system known, discovered 18 years after G29-38, the only single white dwarf currently known to be orbited by circumstellar dust. Both of these systems favor a model with accretion from a surrounding debris disk to explain the metal abundances observed in DAZ white dwarfs. …

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Deep Photometry Of The Globular Cluster M5: Distance Estimates From White Dwarf And Main-Sequence Stars, Andrew C. Layden, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

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We present deep VI photometry of stars in the globular cluster M5 (NGC 5904) based on images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. The resulting color-magnitude diagram reaches below V ≈27 mag, revealing the upper 2–3 mag of the white dwarf cooling sequence and main-sequence stars 8 mag and more below the turnoff. We fit the main sequence to subdwarfs of known parallax to obtain a true distance modulus of (m ̶ M )₀ = 14:45 ± 0:11 mag. A second distance estimate based on fitting the cluster white dwarf sequence to field white dwarfs with known parallax …

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Galactic Open Clusters, Ted Von Hippel

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The study of open clusters has a classic feel to it since the subject predates anyone alive today. Despite the age of this topic, I show via an ADS search that its relevance and importance in astronomy has grown faster in the last few decades than astronomy in general. This is surely due to both technical reasons and the interconnection of the field of stellar evolution to many branches of astronomy. In this review, I outline what we know today about open clusters and what they have taught us about a range of topics from stellar evolution to Galactic structure …

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Book Review: Observing Variable Stars, Novae, And Supernovae, T. D. Oswalt

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This document is Dr. Oswalt’s review of Observing Variable Stars, Novae, and Supernovae by Gerald North with Nick James Cambridge, 2004 230p, 0521820472 $45.00.

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Chemical Composition In The Globular Cluster M71 From Keck Hires Spectra Of Turnoff Stars, Ann Merchant Boesgaard, Jeremy R. King, Ann Marie Cody, Alex Stephens, Constantine P. Deliyannis

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We have made observations with the Keck I telescope and HIRES at a resolution of ∼45,000 of five nearly identical stars at the turn-off of the metal-rich globular cluster M 71. Our mean Fe abundance, [Fe/H]=-0.80 +-0.02, is in excellent agreement with previous cluster determinations from both giants and near-turnoff stars. There is no clear evidence for any star-to-star abundance differences or correlations in our sample. Abundance ratios of the Fe-peak elements (Cr, Ni) are similar to Fe. The turn-off stars in M71 have remarkably consistent enhancements of 0.2 - 0.3 dex in [Si/Fe], [Ca/Fe] and [Ti/Fe] -- like the …

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Beryllium Enhancement As Evidence For Accretion In A Lithium-Rich F Dwarf, Johanna F. Ashwell, R D. Jeffries, Barry Smalley, C P. Deliyannis, Aaron Steinhauer, Jeremy R. King

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The early F dwarf star ``J37'' in the open cluster NGC6633 shows an unusual pattern of photospheric abundances, including an order of magnitude enhancement of lithium and iron-peak elements, but an under-abundance of carbon. As a consequence of its thin convection zone these anomalies have been attributed to either radiative diffusion or the accretion of hydrogen-depleted material. By comparing high resolution VLT/UVES spectra of J37 (and other F stars in NGC 6633) with syntheses of the Be ii doublet region at 3131 Ang, we establish that J37 also has a Be abundance (A(Be)=3.0+/-0.5) that is at least ten times the …

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Co Line Emission And Absorption From The Hl Tauri Disk-Where Is All The Dust?, Sean D. Brittain, Terrence W. Rettig, Theodore Simon, Craig Kulesa

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We present high-resolution infrared spectra of HL Tau, a heavily embedded young star. The spectra exhibit broad emission lines of 12CO gas-phase molecules, as well as narrow absorption lines of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O. The broad emission lines of vibrationally excited 12CO are dominated by the hot (T ~ 1500 K) inner disk. The narrow absorption lines of CO are found to originate from the circumstellar gas at a temperature of ~100 K. The 12CO column density for this cooler material [(7.5 ± 0.2) × 1018 cm-2] indicates a large column of absorbing gas along the line of sight. In …

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Where Are The Magnetic White Dwarfs With Detached, Nondegenerate Companions?, James W. Liebert, Dayal T. Wickramsinghe, Gary D. Schmidt, Nicole M. Silvestri, T. D. Oswalt, Et Al.

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The Sloan Digital Sky Survey has already more than doubled the sample of white dwarfs with spectral classifications, the subset with detached M dwarf companions, and the subset of magnetic white dwarfs. In the course of assessing these new discoveries, we have noticed a curious, unexpected property of the total lists of magnetic white dwarfs and of white dwarf plus main-sequence binaries: there appears to be virtually zero overlap between the two samples! No confirmed magnetic white dwarf has yet been found in such a pairing with a main-sequence star. The same statement can be made for the samples of …

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Antiphase Oh And Oi Airglow Emissions Induced By A Short-Period Ducted Gravity Wave, Jonathan B. Snively, Victor P. Pasko

Publications

"Numerical simulation of a ducted gravity wave event suggests that OH (8,3) and O(1S) 557.7 nm airglow emissions layers may exhibit opposite-phase intensities when perturbed by a short-period wave undergoing vertical reflection. This effect arises due to the time and temperature dependance of the OH excitation reaction, coupled with the linear polarization properties of vertically-standing waves."

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Grb 040403: A Faint X-Ray Rich Gamma-Ray Burst Discovered By Integral, S. Mereghetti, D. Götz, M. I. Andersen, A. Castro-Tirado, F. Frontera, F Frontera, J Gorosabel, Dieter H. Hartmann, J Hjorth, R Hudec, G Pizzichini, N Produit, A Tarana, M Topinka, P Ubertini, A Deugarte

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GRB 040403 is one of the faintest gamma-ray bursts for which a rapid and accurate localization has been obtained. Here we report on the gamma-ray properties of this burst, based on observations with the IBIS instrument aboard INTEGRAL, and the results of searches for its optical afterglow. The steep spectrum (power law photon index =1.9 in the 20–200 keV range) implies that GRB 040403 is most likely an X-ray rich burst. Our optical limit of R >24.2 at 16.5 h after the burst, indicates a rather faint afterglow, similar to those seen in other relatively soft and faint bursts.

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From Young And Hot To Old And Cold: Comparing White Dwarf Cooling Theory To Main-Sequence Stellar Evolution In Open Clusters, Ted Von Hippel

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I explore the current ability of both white dwarf cooling theory and main-sequence stellar evolution theory to accurately determine stellar population ages by comparing ages derived using both techniques for open clusters ranging from 0.1 to 4 Gyr. I find good agreement between white dwarf and main-sequence evolutionary ages over the entire age range currently available for study. I also find that directly comparing main-sequence turnoff ages to white dwarf ages is only weakly sensitive to realistic levels of errors in cluster distance, metallicity, and reddening. Additional detailed comparisons between white dwarf and main-sequence ages have tremendous potential to refine …

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Integral/Spi Limits On Electron-Positron Annihilation Radiation From The Galactic Plane, B. J. Teegarden, K. Watanabe, P. Jean, J. Knödlseder, V. Lonjou, J. P. Roques, G. K. Skinner, P. Von Ballmoos, G. Weidenspointer, A Bazzano, Y M. Butt, A Decourchelle, A C. Fabian, A Goldwurm, M Gudel, D C. Hannikainen, Dieter H. Hartmann

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The center of our Galaxy is a known strong source of electron-positron 511 keV annihilation radiation. Thus far, however, there have been no reliable detection of annihilation radiation outside of the central radian of our Galaxy. One of the primary objectives of the INTEGRAL (International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory mission, resolution, coded-apeture gamma-ray telescope with an unprecedented combination of sensitivity, angular resolution, and energy resolution. We resport results from the first 10 months of observation. During this period a significant fraction of the observing time was spent in or near the Galactic plan. No positive annihilation flux was detected outside of …

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Book Review: The New Amateur Astronomer, T. D. Oswalt

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This document is Dr. Oswalt’s review of The New Amateur Astronomer by Martin Mobberley. Springer, 2004 229p, 1852336633 $34.95

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The Chromospheric Activity And Ages Of M Dwarf Stars In Wide Binary Systems, Nicole M. Silvesteri, T. D. Oswalt, Suzanne L. Hawley

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We investigate the relationship between age and chromospheric activity for 139 M dwarf stars in wide binary systems with white dwarf companions. The age of each system is determined from the cooling age of its white dwarf component. The current limit for activity-age relations found for M dwarfs in open clusters is 4 Gyr. Our unique approach to finding ages for M stars allows for the exploration of this relationship at ages older than 4 Gyr. The general trend of stars remaining active for a longer time at later spectral type is confirmed. However, our larger sample and greater age …

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The Initial-Final Mass Relationship: Spectroscopy Of White Dwarfs In Ngc 2099 (M37), Jasonjot Singh Kalirai, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

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We present new observations of very faint white dwarfs (WDs) in the rich open star cluster NGC 2099 (M37). Following deep, wide-field imaging of the cluster using the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, we have now obtained spectroscopic observations of candidate WDs using both the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on Gemini North and the Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer on Keck. Of our 24 WD candidates (all fainter than V = 22.4), 21 are spectroscopically confirmed to be bona fide WDs, four or five of which are most likely field objects. Fitting 18 of the 21 WD spectra with model atmospheres, we find that most WDs …

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Discovery Of Co Gas In The Inner Disk Of Tw Hydrae, Terrence W. Rettig, Joe Haywood, Theodore Simon, Sean D. Brittain, Erika Gibb

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We report the detection of rovibrationally excited CO emission from the inner disk of the classical T Tauri star (cTTS) TW Hya. We observe ~6 × 1021 g of CO gas with a rotational temperature of 430 ± 40 K. The linearity of the excitation plot suggests that the CO is optically thin. Atypical for cTTSs, hot CO was not detected, implying that TW Hya has cleared its inner disk region out to a radial distance of ~0.5 AU. We discuss implications for the structure of the disk as it relates to replenishment and planet formation.

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Discovery Of The Near-Ir Afterglow And Of The Host Of Grb 030528, A. Rau, J. Greiner, S. Klose, M. Salvato, J. M. Castro Cerón, Dieter H. Hartmann, A. Fruchter, A. Levan, N. R. Tanvir, J. Gorosabel

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The rapid dissemination of an arcmin-sized HETE-2 localization of the long-duration X-ray ﬂash GRB 030528 led to a ground-based multi-observatory follow-up campaign. We report the discovery of the near-IR afterglow, and also describe the detection of the underlying host galaxy in the optical and near-IR bands. The afterglow is classiﬁed as “optically dark” as it was not detected in the optical band. The K-band photometry presented here suggests that the lack of optical detection was simply the result of observational limitations (lack of rapid and deep observations plus high foreground extinction). Simple power law ﬁts to the afterglow in the …

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Coordinate Conditions For A Uniformly Accelerated Or Static Plane Symmetric Metric, Preston Jones, Lucas Wanex

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The coordinate conditions for three exact solutions for the metric components of a coordinate system with constant acceleration or of a static plane symmetric gravitational field are presented. First, the coordinate condition that the acceleration of light is constant is applied to the field equations to derive the metric of a coordinate system of constant acceleration. Second, the coordinate conditions required to produce the metrics of Rindler and Lass are applied to the field equations to calculate the components of these two metrics and the coordinate velocities and coordinate accelerations for light of these two metrics are compared to the …

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Geocoronal Hydrogen Studies Using Fabry-Perot Interferometers, S. M. Nossal, E. J. Mierkiewicz, F. L. Roesler, J. Bishop, R. J. Reynolds

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Ground based Fabry-Perot observations of solar excited geocoronal hydrogen fluorescence emissions are one of the primary means of studying the neutral upper atmosphere [Atreya et al., 1975; Meriwether et al., 1980; Yelle and Roesler, 1985; Shih et al., 1985; Kerr et al., 2001a,b; He et al., 1993; Nossal et al., 1993, 1998, 2004; Bishop et al., 2001; Mierkiewicz, 2002; and references therein]. Excellent reviews of early ground-based geocoronal Balmer α observations are found in: Krassovsky et al. [1966], Krassovsky [1971], Donahue [1964, 1966], Tinsley [1974], Fahr and Shizgal [1983] and Kerr et al. [2001a]. Instruments onboard satellites and rockets also …

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Probing A Grb Progenitor At A Redshift Of Z=2: A Comprehensive Observing Campaign Of The Afterglow Of Grb 030226, S. Klose, J. Greiner, A. Rau, A. A. Henden, Dieter H. Hartmann, A. Zeh, C. Reis, N. Masetti, D. Malesani, E. Guenther

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We report results from a comprehensive follow-up observing campaign of the afterglow of GRB 030226, in-cluding VLTspectroscopy, VLT polarimetry, and Chandra X-ray observations. In addition, we present BOOTES-1 wide-ﬁeld observations at the time of the occurrence of the burst. First observations at ESO started 0.2 days after the event when the gamma ray burst (GRB) afterglow was at a magnitude of R $19 and continued until the afterglow had faded below the detection threshold (R > 26). No underlying host galaxy was found. The optical light curve shows a break around 0.8 days after the burst, which is achromatic within the …

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The White Dwarf Luminosity Function: The Shape Of Things To Come, Ted Von Hippel, M. Kilie, J. Munn, K. Williams, J. Libert, D. E. Winget, T. S. Metcalfe, Et Al.

Publications

We describe a new survey for cool white dwarfs that supplements Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometry with USNO proper motions and followup spectroscopy. To date we have discovered and spectroscopically confirmed 80 new moderate temperature and cool white dwarfs. We have also found a handful of high-velocity white dwarfs and we expect a sizable fraction of these to be thick disk or possibly halo objects. Our survey is designed to find 104 new white dwarfs, although only 60 will be among the faintest white dwarfs (MV 16), where most of the age-sensitivity resides. We discuss an extension of our survey …

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Full-Text Articles in Astrophysics and Astronomy

Book Review: The Amateur Astronomer's Introduction To The Celestial Sphere, T. D. Oswalt

Publications

Observations Of Triboelectric Charging Effects On Langmuir-Type Probes In Dusty Plasma, Aroh Barjatya, Charles M. Swenson

Publications

The Dust Cloud Around The White Dwarf G29-38, William T. Reach, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

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A Multisite Photometric Campaign On The Pre-Main-Sequence ₰ Delta Scuti Pulsator Ip Per, V. Ripepi, T. D. Oswalt, S. Bernabei, M. Marconi, Et Al.

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Measuring The Evolution Of The Most Stable Optical Clock G 117-B15a, S. O. Kepler, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

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Book Review: Stargazer: The Life And Times Of The Telescope, T. D. Oswalt

Publications

Faint Blue Objects In The Hubble Deep Field–South Revealed: White Dwarfs, Subdwarfs, And Quasars, Mukremin Kilic, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

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Book Review: The Scientific Legacy Of Fred Hoyle, T. D. Oswalt

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Coordinated Cluster/Double Star Observations Of Dayside Reconnection Signatures, M. W. Dunlop, M. G. G. T. Taylor, J. A. Davies, C. J. Owen, F. Pitout, A. N. Fazakerley, K. Nykyri, Et Al.

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Excess Infrared Radiation From The Massive Daz White Dwarf Gd 362: A Debris Disk?, Mukremin Kilic, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

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Deep Photometry Of The Globular Cluster M5: Distance Estimates From White Dwarf And Main-Sequence Stars, Andrew C. Layden, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

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Galactic Open Clusters, Ted Von Hippel

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Book Review: Observing Variable Stars, Novae, And Supernovae, T. D. Oswalt

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Chemical Composition In The Globular Cluster M71 From Keck Hires Spectra Of Turnoff Stars, Ann Merchant Boesgaard, Jeremy R. King, Ann Marie Cody, Alex Stephens, Constantine P. Deliyannis

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Beryllium Enhancement As Evidence For Accretion In A Lithium-Rich F Dwarf, Johanna F. Ashwell, R D. Jeffries, Barry Smalley, C P. Deliyannis, Aaron Steinhauer, Jeremy R. King

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Co Line Emission And Absorption From The Hl Tauri Disk-Where Is All The Dust?, Sean D. Brittain, Terrence W. Rettig, Theodore Simon, Craig Kulesa

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Where Are The Magnetic White Dwarfs With Detached, Nondegenerate Companions?, James W. Liebert, Dayal T. Wickramsinghe, Gary D. Schmidt, Nicole M. Silvestri, T. D. Oswalt, Et Al.

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Antiphase Oh And Oi Airglow Emissions Induced By A Short-Period Ducted Gravity Wave, Jonathan B. Snively, Victor P. Pasko

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Grb 040403: A Faint X-Ray Rich Gamma-Ray Burst Discovered By Integral, S. Mereghetti, D. Götz, M. I. Andersen, A. Castro-Tirado, F. Frontera, F Frontera, J Gorosabel, Dieter H. Hartmann, J Hjorth, R Hudec, G Pizzichini, N Produit, A Tarana, M Topinka, P Ubertini, A Deugarte

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From Young And Hot To Old And Cold: Comparing White Dwarf Cooling Theory To Main-Sequence Stellar Evolution In Open Clusters, Ted Von Hippel

Publications

Publications

Book Review: The New Amateur Astronomer, T. D. Oswalt

Publications

The Chromospheric Activity And Ages Of M Dwarf Stars In Wide Binary Systems, Nicole M. Silvesteri, T. D. Oswalt, Suzanne L. Hawley

Publications

The Initial-Final Mass Relationship: Spectroscopy Of White Dwarfs In Ngc 2099 (M37), Jasonjot Singh Kalirai, Ted Von Hippel, Et Al.

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Discovery Of Co Gas In The Inner Disk Of Tw Hydrae, Terrence W. Rettig, Joe Haywood, Theodore Simon, Sean D. Brittain, Erika Gibb

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Discovery Of The Near-Ir Afterglow And Of The Host Of Grb 030528, A. Rau, J. Greiner, S. Klose, M. Salvato, J. M. Castro Cerón, Dieter H. Hartmann, A. Fruchter, A. Levan, N. R. Tanvir, J. Gorosabel

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Coordinate Conditions For A Uniformly Accelerated Or Static Plane Symmetric Metric, Preston Jones, Lucas Wanex

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Geocoronal Hydrogen Studies Using Fabry-Perot Interferometers, S. M. Nossal, E. J. Mierkiewicz, F. L. Roesler, J. Bishop, R. J. Reynolds

Publications

Probing A Grb Progenitor At A Redshift Of Z=2: A Comprehensive Observing Campaign Of The Afterglow Of Grb 030226, S. Klose, J. Greiner, A. Rau, A. A. Henden, Dieter H. Hartmann, A. Zeh, C. Reis, N. Masetti, D. Malesani, E. Guenther

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The White Dwarf Luminosity Function: The Shape Of Things To Come, Ted Von Hippel, M. Kilie, J. Munn, K. Williams, J. Libert, D. E. Winget, T. S. Metcalfe, Et Al.

Publications