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Articles 31 - 60 of 121
Full-Text Articles in Astrophysics and Astronomy
Fermion-Induced Electroweak Symmetry Non-Restoration Via Temperature-Dependent Masses, Yu Hang Ng
Fermion-Induced Electroweak Symmetry Non-Restoration Via Temperature-Dependent Masses, Yu Hang Ng
Department of Physics and Astronomy: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Standard Model (SM) and many extensions of SM predict that the electroweak (EW) symmetry was restored in the early universe when the temperature was around 160 GeV. However, recent studies showed that the interactions between some new scalars and SU(2)_L Higgs doublet(s) can cause the EW symmetry to remain broken at temperatures well above the EW scale in certain renormalizable extensions of SM. In this study, we found that new fermions from renormalizable models can also induce this EW symmetry non-restoration effect, provided that they have the appropriate temperature-dependent masses. These masses can arise naturally from the interactions between the …
A Search For Analogs Of Kic 8462852 (Boyajian’S Star): A Second List Of Candidates, Edward G. Schmidt
A Search For Analogs Of Kic 8462852 (Boyajian’S Star): A Second List Of Candidates, Edward G. Schmidt
Edward Schmidt Publications
In data from the Kepler mission, the normal F3V star KIC 8462852 (Boyajian’s star) was observed to exhibit infrequent dips in brightness that have not been satisfactorily explained. A previous paper reported the first results of a search for other similar stars in a limited region of the sky around the Kepler field. This paper expands on that search to cover the entire sky between declinations of +22°and +68°. Fifteen new candidates with low rates of dipping, referred to as “slow dippers” in Paper I, have been identified. The dippers occupy a limited region of the HR diagram and an …
Comparative Study Of High Order Methods For Subsonic Turbulence Simulation With Stochastic Forcing, Alexei G. Kritsuk, H. C. Yee, Björn Sjögreen, Dmitry Kotov
Comparative Study Of High Order Methods For Subsonic Turbulence Simulation With Stochastic Forcing, Alexei G. Kritsuk, H. C. Yee, Björn Sjögreen, Dmitry Kotov
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications
A class of spatially seventh-order nonlinear filter methods with adaptive dissipation control developed by Yee & Sjögreen [1, 2] is tested on three-dimensional subsonic turbulence simulations with stochastic forcing. The Euler equations are solved using the Strang operator splitting of the homogeneous part of the equations and the stochastic forcing term, with an ODE solver used to integrate the latter. Both Ducros et al. and Kennedy-Gruber skew-symmetric split formulations of the inviscid flux derivatives are considered to minimize the use of numerical dissipation. The nonlinear filter methods are shown to be numerically stable for this application at least up to …
The Design, Creation, And Cognitive Evaluation Of Ranking Tasks In Introductory Astronomy, Emily A. Welch
The Design, Creation, And Cognitive Evaluation Of Ranking Tasks In Introductory Astronomy, Emily A. Welch
Department of Physics and Astronomy: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Ranking tasks are a type of interactive formative assessment. They allow students to explore a concept by ranking similar situations for a specified variable, preferably without computation of that variable. I created two sets of introductory astronomy ranking tasks: the first connects the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram and the Stephan-Boltzmann luminosity equation; the second uses the transit method (TM) to rank exoplanets by comparing the depth, duration, and frequency of transits.
These tasks are designed within the constructivist pedagogical framework. They require students to call upon their own relevant schema to establish an assessment rule by which to rank the tasks. …
Identifying, Analyzing, And Using Discriminatory Variables For Classification Of Neutrino Signal And Background Noise In Multivariate Analysis In The Askaryan Radio Array Experiment, Jesse Osborn
Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)
The Askaryan Radio Array Experiment, located near the South Pole, works to pinpoint specific instances of neutrinos from outside the solar system interacting with nucleons inside the Antarctic ice, emitting radio waves. I have taken data from the ARA stations which is presumed to be background noise and compared it to simulated data meant to look like a neutrino signal. I developed a suite of variables for discrimination between the two data sets, using a computer algorithm to generate a single output variable which can be used to distinguish noise events from signal events. I maximized this discrimination process for …
A 3-Year Sample Of Almost 1,600 Elves Recorded Above South America By The Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory, A. Aab, R. Engel, Gregory Snow, Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory, 390 Co-Authors
A 3-Year Sample Of Almost 1,600 Elves Recorded Above South America By The Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory, A. Aab, R. Engel, Gregory Snow, Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory, 390 Co-Authors
Gregory Snow Publications
Elves are a class of transient luminous events, with a radial extent typically greater than 250 km, that occur in the lower ionosphere above strong electrical storms.We report the observation of 1,598 elves, from 2014 to 2016, recorded with unprecedented time resolution (100 ns) using the fluorescence detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Cosmic-Ray Observatory. The Auger Observatory is located in the Mendoza province of Argentina with a viewing footprint for elve observations of 3 · 106 km2, reaching areas above the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, as well as the Córdoba region, which is known for severe convective thunderstorms. Primarily …
On Entropy Conservation And Kinetic Energy Preservation Methods, H. C. Yee, Björn Sjögreen
On Entropy Conservation And Kinetic Energy Preservation Methods, H. C. Yee, Björn Sjögreen
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications
The Tadmor-type entropy conservative method using the mathematical logarithmic entropy function and two forms of the Sjögreen & Yee entropy conservative methods using the Harten entropy function are examined for their nonlinear stability and accuracy in very long time integration of the Euler equations of compressible gas dynamics. Following the same procedure as Ranocha [6] these entropy conservative methods can be made kinetic energy preserving with minimum added computational effort. The focus of this work is to examine the nonlinear stability and accuracy of these newly introduced high order entropy conserving and kinetic energy preserving methods for very long time …
A Search For Analogs Of Kic 8462852 (Boyajian’S Star): A Proof Of Concept And The First Candidates, Edward G. Schmidt
A Search For Analogs Of Kic 8462852 (Boyajian’S Star): A Proof Of Concept And The First Candidates, Edward G. Schmidt
Edward Schmidt Publications
The seemingly normal F dwarf, KIC 8462852 (a.k.a. Boyajian’s Star), has been observed to exhibit two types of behavior unique among known variable stars: infrequent episodes of small brightness dips and a long-term decline in brightness between the dips. No satisfactory mechanism has been found for this behavior, at least in part, because there is only one known example. To begin to rectify this, we have searched for other stars exhibiting similar dipping behavior using the Northern Sky Variability Survey and have used data from the All Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae to further investigate the behavior. Twenty-one stars are …
The Discovery Of A Lifetime: Gravitational-Waves, Maria I Dominguez Barraza
The Discovery Of A Lifetime: Gravitational-Waves, Maria I Dominguez Barraza
Nebraska College Preparatory Academy: Senior Capstone Projects
This presentation offers an insight to one of the biggest discoveries made in science. The discovery of gravitational-waves had been a long journey to achieve for physicists and scientist. Now gravitational-waves are helping scientists study the universe in a more efficient way never seen before. The discovery of gravitational-waves is a sign that a new era of astronomy and physics is about to open doors for many scientists and astrophysicists.
● Gravitational-waves are energycarrying waves propagating through a gravitational field, produced when a massive body is accelerated or otherwise disturbed. ● Gravitational-waves prove the existence of Black Holes. ● Laser …
High-Order Finite-Difference Nonlinear Filter Methods For Subsonic Turbulence Simulation With Stochastic Forcing, Alexei G. Kritsuk, Dmitry Kotov, Bjorn Sjögreen, Helen C. Yee
High-Order Finite-Difference Nonlinear Filter Methods For Subsonic Turbulence Simulation With Stochastic Forcing, Alexei G. Kritsuk, Dmitry Kotov, Bjorn Sjögreen, Helen C. Yee
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications
Numerical stability of high-order fi lter schemes developed by Yee & Sjogreen is tested on thr~dimensional turbulence simulations with stochastic forcing and their performance is compared with that ofTVD and \VENO schemes. The bestperforming filter method employs an eighth-order central base scheme with the Kennedy & Gruber skew-symmetric splitting of the inviscid fttLx derivative, a wavelet-based local flow sensor, a nonlinear filter utilizing the dissipative portion of seventh-order \\'ENO scheme, and an explicit third- or fourth-order RungeKutta t ime integration. \Ve show that the filter scheme is more computational]y efficient and provides a wider spectral bandwidth compared to the seventh-order …
Skew-Symmetric Splitting Of High-Order Central Schemes With Nonlinear Filters For Computational Aeroacoustics Turbulence With Shocks, Bjorn Sjögreen, Helen C. Yee, Alan A. Wray
Skew-Symmetric Splitting Of High-Order Central Schemes With Nonlinear Filters For Computational Aeroacoustics Turbulence With Shocks, Bjorn Sjögreen, Helen C. Yee, Alan A. Wray
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications
A class of high-order nonlinear filter schemes by Yee et al. (J Comput Phys 150:199–238, 1999), Sjögreen and Yee (J Comput Phys 225:910–934, 2007), and Kotov et al. (Commun Comput Phys 19:273–300, 2016; J Comput Phys 307:189–202, 2016) is examined for long-time integrations of computational aeroacoustics (CAA) turbulence applications. This class of schemes was designed for an improved nonlinear stability and accuracy for long-time integration of compressible direct numerical simulation and large eddy simulation computations for both shock-free turbulence and turbulence with shocks. They are based on the skew-symmetric splitting version of the high-order central base scheme in conjunction with …
Viewing The Eclipse From 109,000 Feet And The Road To Get There, Kendra Sibbernsen, Michael Sibbernsen
Viewing The Eclipse From 109,000 Feet And The Road To Get There, Kendra Sibbernsen, Michael Sibbernsen
Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications
The NASA Nebraska High Altitude Ballooning Program was one of 55 teams across the nation to fly weather balloons within the August 21st Total Solar Eclipse and stream live video to the internet. On this day, the Nebraska team launched three high altitude balloons to take scientific measurements and take photos and video ofthe Moon's shadow falling on the Earth. These balloons included the NASA common video streaming payload as well as experiments from students at Metropolitan Community College and from faculty and students at Omaha Public Schools. The launches took place at the "Gem Over the Prairie" event at …