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San Jose State University

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Articles 181 - 210 of 221

Full-Text Articles in Astrophysics and Astronomy

A Deep Kinematic Survey Of Planetary Nebulae In The Andromeda Galaxy Using The Planetary Nebula Spectrograph, H. R. Merrett, M. R. Merrifield, N. G. Douglas, K. Kuijken, Aaron J. Romanowsky, N. R. Napolitano, M. Arnaboldi, M. Capaccioli, K. C. Freeman, O. Gerhard, L. Coccato, D. Carter, N. W. Evans, M. I. Wilkinson, C. Halliday, T. J. Bridges Jan 2006

A Deep Kinematic Survey Of Planetary Nebulae In The Andromeda Galaxy Using The Planetary Nebula Spectrograph, H. R. Merrett, M. R. Merrifield, N. G. Douglas, K. Kuijken, Aaron J. Romanowsky, N. R. Napolitano, M. Arnaboldi, M. Capaccioli, K. C. Freeman, O. Gerhard, L. Coccato, D. Carter, N. W. Evans, M. I. Wilkinson, C. Halliday, T. J. Bridges

Faculty Publications

We present a catalogue of positions, magnitudes and velocities for 3300 emission-line objects found by the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph in a survey of the Andromeda galaxy, M31. Of these objects, 2615 are found likely to be planetary nebulae (PNe) associated with M31. The survey area covers the whole of M31's disc out to a radius of Graphic. Beyond this radius, observations have been made along the major and minor axes, and the Northern Spur and Southern Stream regions. The calibrated data have been checked for internal consistency and compared with other catalogues. With the exception of the very central, high …


Planetary Nebula Velocities In The Disc And Bulge Of M31, C. Halliday, D. Carter, T. J. Bridges, Z. C. Jackson, M. I. Wilkinson, D. P. Quinn, N. W. Evans, N. G. Douglas, H. R. Merrett, Aaron J. Romanowsky, K. Kuijken, M. J. Irwin Jan 2006

Planetary Nebula Velocities In The Disc And Bulge Of M31, C. Halliday, D. Carter, T. J. Bridges, Z. C. Jackson, M. I. Wilkinson, D. P. Quinn, N. W. Evans, N. G. Douglas, H. R. Merrett, Aaron J. Romanowsky, K. Kuijken, M. J. Irwin

Faculty Publications

We present radial velocities for a sample of 723 planetary nebulae in the disc and bulge of M31, measured using the WYFFOS fibre spectrograph on the William Herschel Telescope. Velocities are determined using the [O III] λ5007 emission line. Rotation and velocity dispersion are measured to a radius of 50 arcmin (11.5 kpc), the first stellar rotation curve and velocity dispersion profile for M31 to such a radius. Our kinematics are consistent with rotational support at radii well beyond the bulge effective radius of 1.4 kpc, although our data beyond a radius of 5 kpc are limited. We present tentative …


Wide-Field Kinematics Of Globular Clusters In The Leo I Group, G. Bergond, S. E. Zepf, Aaron J. Romanowsky, R. M. Sharples, K. L. Rhode Jan 2006

Wide-Field Kinematics Of Globular Clusters In The Leo I Group, G. Bergond, S. E. Zepf, Aaron J. Romanowsky, R. M. Sharples, K. L. Rhode

Faculty Publications

We present wide-field spectroscopy of globular clusters around the Leo I group galaxies NGC 3379 and NGC 3384 using the FLAMES multi-fibre instrument at the VLT. We obtain accurate radial velocities for 42 globular clusters (GCs) in total, 30 for GCs around the elliptical NGC 3379, eight around the lenticular NGC 3384, and four which may be associated with either galaxy. These data are notable for their large radial range extending from 0$\farcm$7 to 14$\farcm$5 (2 to 42 kpc) from the centre of NGC 3379, and small velocity uncertainties of about 10 km s-1. We combine our sample of 30 …


The Araucaria Project. An Accurate Distance To Ngc 6822 From Near-Infrared Photometry Of Cepheid Variables, W. Gieren, G. Pietrzyński, K. Nalewajko, I. Soszyński, F. Bresolin, R.-P. Kudritzki, D. Minniti, Aaron J. Romanowsky Jan 2006

The Araucaria Project. An Accurate Distance To Ngc 6822 From Near-Infrared Photometry Of Cepheid Variables, W. Gieren, G. Pietrzyński, K. Nalewajko, I. Soszyński, F. Bresolin, R.-P. Kudritzki, D. Minniti, Aaron J. Romanowsky

Faculty Publications

We have measured near-infrared magnitudes in the J and K bands for 56 Cepheid variables in the Local Group galaxy NGC 6822 with well-determined periods and optical light curves in the V and I bands. Using the template light-curve approach of Soszyński and coworkers, accurate mean magnitudes were obtained from these data, which allowed us to determine with unprecedented accuracy the distance to NGC 6822 from a multiwavelength period-luminosity solution in the VIJK bands. From our data, we obtain a distance to NGC 6822 of (m - M)0 = 23.312 ± 0.021 (random error) mag, with an additional systematic uncertainty …


Estimating Hydrodynamic Quantities In The Presence Of Microscopic Fluctuations, Alejandro Garcia Jan 2006

Estimating Hydrodynamic Quantities In The Presence Of Microscopic Fluctuations, Alejandro Garcia

Faculty Publications

This paper discusses the evaluation of hydrodynamic variables in the presence of spontaneous fluctuations, such as in molecular simulations of fluid flows. The principal point is that hydrodynamic variables such as fluid velocity and temperature must be defined in terms of mechanical variables such as momentum and energy density). Because these relations are nonlinear and because fluctuations of mechanical variables are correlated, care must be taken to avoid introducing a bias when evaluating means, variances, and correlations of hydrodynamic variables. The unbiased estimates are formulated; some alternative, incorrect approaches are presented as cautionary warnings. The expressions are verified by numerical …


Hydrodynamic Description Of The Adiabatic Piston, Alejandro Garcia, M. M. Mansour Jan 2006

Hydrodynamic Description Of The Adiabatic Piston, Alejandro Garcia, M. M. Mansour

Faculty Publications

A closed macroscopic equation for the motion of the two-dimensional adiabatic piston is derived from standard hydrodynamics. It predicts a damped oscillatory motion of the piston towards a final rest position, which depends on the initial state. In the limit of large piston mass, the solution of this equation is in quantitative agreement with the results obtained from both hard disk molecular dynamics and hydrodynamics. The explicit forms of the basic characteristics of the piston’s dynamics, such as the period of oscillations and the relaxation time, are derived. The limitations of the theory’s validity, in terms of the main system …


Microgravity Studies Of Aggregation In Particulate Clouds, Todd B. Sauke, J. R. Marshall, J. N. Cuzzi Jun 2005

Microgravity Studies Of Aggregation In Particulate Clouds, Todd B. Sauke, J. R. Marshall, J. N. Cuzzi

Faculty Publications

Aggregation in clouds of submillimeter quartz and volcanic ash particles was studied in microgravity. Particle clouds generated by pulses of air immediately formed electrostatic filamentary aggregates upon cessation of air turbulence. Manual agitation of experiment chambers produced cm-size loose grain clusters which voraciously scavenged free-floating material in their vicinity. A dipole model accounts for these observations. Experimental results have ramifications for the behavior of natural cloud systems and primary accretion of solids in the early solar nebula.


Mass-To-Light Ratio Gradients In Early-Type Galaxy Haloes, N. R. Napolitano, M. Capaccioli, Aaron J. Romanowsky, N. G. Douglas, M. R. Merrifield, K. Kuijken, M. Arnaboldi, O. Gerhard, K. C. Freeman Jan 2005

Mass-To-Light Ratio Gradients In Early-Type Galaxy Haloes, N. R. Napolitano, M. Capaccioli, Aaron J. Romanowsky, N. G. Douglas, M. R. Merrifield, K. Kuijken, M. Arnaboldi, O. Gerhard, K. C. Freeman

Faculty Publications

Owing to the fact that the near future should see a rapidly expanding set of probes of the halo masses of individual early-type galaxies, we introduce a convenient parameter for characterizing the halo masses from both observational and theoretical results: ∇ℓϒ, the logarithmic radial gradient of the mass-to-light ratio. Using halo density profiles from Λ-cold dark matter (CDM) simulations, we derive predictions for this gradient for various galaxy luminosities and star formation efficiencies εSF. As a pilot study, we assemble the available ∇ℓϒ data from kinematics in early-type galaxies – representing the first unbiased study of halo masses in a …


Rectification Of Thermal Fluctuations In Ideal Gases, Alejandro Garcia, P. Meurs, C. Van De Broeck Jan 2004

Rectification Of Thermal Fluctuations In Ideal Gases, Alejandro Garcia, P. Meurs, C. Van De Broeck

Faculty Publications

We calculate the systematic average speed of the adiabatic piston and a thermal Brownian motor, introduced by C. Van den Broeck, R. Kawai and P. Meurs [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 090601 (2004)], by an expansion of the Boltzmann equation and compare with the exact numerical solution.


A Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method For The Uehling-Uhlenbeck-Boltzmann Equation, Alejandro Garcia, W. Wagner Jan 2003

A Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method For The Uehling-Uhlenbeck-Boltzmann Equation, Alejandro Garcia, W. Wagner

Faculty Publications

In this paper we describe a direct simulation Monte Carlo algorithm for the Uehling-Uhlenbeck-Boltzmann equation in terms of Markov processes. This provides a unifying framework for both the classical Boltzmann case as well as the Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein cases. We establish the foundation of the algorithm by demonstrating its link to the kinetic equation. By numerical experiments we study its sensitivity to the number of simulation particles and to the discretization of the velocity space, when approximating the steady-state distribution.


Tracing The Star Stream Through M31 Using Planetary Nebula Kinematics, H. R. Merrett, K. Kuijken, M. R. Merrifield, Aaron J. Romanowsky, N. G. Douglas, N. R. Napolitano, M. Arnaboldi, M. Capaccioli, K. C. Freeman, O. Gerhard, N. W. Evans, M. I. Wilkinson, C. Halliday, T. J. Bridges, D. Carter Jan 2003

Tracing The Star Stream Through M31 Using Planetary Nebula Kinematics, H. R. Merrett, K. Kuijken, M. R. Merrifield, Aaron J. Romanowsky, N. G. Douglas, N. R. Napolitano, M. Arnaboldi, M. Capaccioli, K. C. Freeman, O. Gerhard, N. W. Evans, M. I. Wilkinson, C. Halliday, T. J. Bridges, D. Carter

Faculty Publications

We present a possible orbit for the Southern Stream of stars in M31, which connects it to the Northern Spur. Support for this model comes from the dynamics of planetary nebulae (PNe) in the disc of M31: analysis of a new sample of 2611 PNe obtained using the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph reveals ∼20 objects with kinematics inconsistent with the normal components of the galaxy, but which lie at the right positions and velocities to connect the two photometric features via this orbit. The satellite galaxy M32 is coincident with the stream both in position and velocity, adding weight to the …


A Dearth Of Dark Matter In Ordinary Elliptical Galaxies, Aaron J. Romanowsky, N. G. Douglas, M. Arnaboldi, K. Kuijken, M. R. Merrifield, N. R. Napolitano, M. Capaccioli Jan 2003

A Dearth Of Dark Matter In Ordinary Elliptical Galaxies, Aaron J. Romanowsky, N. G. Douglas, M. Arnaboldi, K. Kuijken, M. R. Merrifield, N. R. Napolitano, M. Capaccioli

Faculty Publications

The kinematics of the outer parts of three intermediate-luminosity elliptical galaxies were studied with the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph. The galaxies' velocity-dispersion profiles were found to decline with the radius, and dynamical modeling of the data indicates the presence of little if any dark matter in these galaxies' halos. This unexpected result conflicts with findings in other galaxy types and poses a challenge to current galaxy formation theories.


Inverted Velocity Profile In The Cylindrical Couette Flow Of A Rarefied Gas, Alejandro Garcia, K. Aoki, H. Yoshida, T. Nakanishi Jan 2003

Inverted Velocity Profile In The Cylindrical Couette Flow Of A Rarefied Gas, Alejandro Garcia, K. Aoki, H. Yoshida, T. Nakanishi

Faculty Publications

The cylindrical Couette flow of a rarefied gas is investigated, under the diffuse-specular reflection condition of Maxwell’s type on the cylinders, in the case where the inner cylinder is rotating whereas the outer cylinder is at rest. The inverted velocity profile for small accommodation coefficients, pointed out by Tibbs, Baras, and Garcia [Phys. Rev. E 56, 2282 (1997)] on the basis of a Monte Carlo simulation, is investigated extensively by means of a systematic asymptotic analysis for small Knudsen numbers as well as the direct numerical analysis of the Boltzmann equation, and the parameter range in which the phenomenon appears …


The Planetary Nebula Spectrograph: The Green Light For Galaxy Kinematics, N. G. Douglas, M. Arnaboldi, K. C. Freeman, K. Kuijken, M. R. Merrifield, Aaron J. Romanowsky, K. Taylor, M. Capaccioli, T. Axelrod, R. Gilmozzi, J. Hart, G. Bloxham, D. Jones Jan 2002

The Planetary Nebula Spectrograph: The Green Light For Galaxy Kinematics, N. G. Douglas, M. Arnaboldi, K. C. Freeman, K. Kuijken, M. R. Merrifield, Aaron J. Romanowsky, K. Taylor, M. Capaccioli, T. Axelrod, R. Gilmozzi, J. Hart, G. Bloxham, D. Jones

Faculty Publications

Planetary nebulae (PNe) are now well established as probes of galaxy dynamics and as standard candles in distance determinations. Motivated by the need to improve the efficiency of planetary nebulae searches and the speed with which their radial velocities are determined, a dedicated instrument—the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph, or PN.S—has been designed and commissioned at the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope. The high optical efficiency of the spectrograph results in the detection of typically ∼150 PNe in galaxies at the distance of the Virgo Cluster in one night of observations. In the same observation, the radial velocities are obtained with an …


Comment On ‘‘Stress-Density Ratio Slip-Corrected Reynolds Equation For Ultra-Thin Film Gas Bearing Lubrication’’, Alejandro Garcia Jan 2002

Comment On ‘‘Stress-Density Ratio Slip-Corrected Reynolds Equation For Ultra-Thin Film Gas Bearing Lubrication’’, Alejandro Garcia

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Molecular Simulations Of Sound Wave Propagation In Simple Gases, Alejandro Garcia, N. Hadjiconstantinou Jan 2001

Molecular Simulations Of Sound Wave Propagation In Simple Gases, Alejandro Garcia, N. Hadjiconstantinou

Faculty Publications

Molecular simulations of sound waves propagating in a dilute hard sphere gas have been performed using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. A wide range of frequencies is investigated, including very high frequencies for which the period is much shorter than the mean collision time. The simulation results are compared to experimental data and approximate solutions of the Boltzmann equation. It is shown that free molecular flow is important at distances smaller than one mean free path from the excitation point.


Dynamics Of Stars And Globular Clusters In M87, Aaron J. Romanowsky, C. S. Kochanek Jan 2001

Dynamics Of Stars And Globular Clusters In M87, Aaron J. Romanowsky, C. S. Kochanek

Faculty Publications

We examine the dynamics of the stars and globular clusters in the nearby giant elliptical galaxy M87 and constrain the mass distribution, using all the available data over a large range of radii, including higher order moments of the stellar line-of-sight velocity distributions and the discrete velocities of over 200 globular clusters. We introduce an extension of spherical orbit modeling methods that makes full use of all the information in the data and provides very robust constraints on the mass models. We conclusively rule out a constant mass-to-light ratio model and infer that the radial density profile of the galaxy's …


An Interpretation Of Martian Thermospheric Waves Based On Analysis Of A General Circulation Model, Manoj Joshi, Jeffery Hollingsworth, Robert Haberle, Alison Bridger Mar 2000

An Interpretation Of Martian Thermospheric Waves Based On Analysis Of A General Circulation Model, Manoj Joshi, Jeffery Hollingsworth, Robert Haberle, Alison Bridger

Faculty Publications, Meteorology and Climate Science

Planetary‐scale longitudinal variations in density observed by the Mars Global Surveyor accelerometer in the 125 km region can be qualitatively reproduced by the NASA Ames Mars general circulation model in the 80 km altitude region, but only when locations having specific local times are used in the analysis. If the model results are averaged over all local times, the high‐altitude longitudinal variations nearly disappear, leaving only a small stationary wave 1 pattern, consistent with theory and previous modeling studies. This analysis suggests that the observed wavelike structures are a result of sampling tidal modes at a limited range of local …


Erratum: "Cell Size Dependence Of Transport Coefficients In Stochastic Particle Algorithms", Alejandro Garcia, F. Alexander, B. Alder Jan 2000

Erratum: "Cell Size Dependence Of Transport Coefficients In Stochastic Particle Algorithms", Alejandro Garcia, F. Alexander, B. Alder

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Time Step Truncation Error In Direct Simulation Monte Carlo, Alejandro Garcia, W. Wagner Jan 2000

Time Step Truncation Error In Direct Simulation Monte Carlo, Alejandro Garcia, W. Wagner

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Constraints On H0 From The Central Velocity Dispersions Of Lens Galaxies, Aaron J. Romanowsky, C. S. Kochanek Jan 1999

Constraints On H0 From The Central Velocity Dispersions Of Lens Galaxies, Aaron J. Romanowsky, C. S. Kochanek

Faculty Publications

We employ Schwarzschild's method of the orbit modeling to constrain the mass profiles of the central lens galaxies in Q0957+561 and PG 1115+080. We combine the measured, central projected stellar velocity dispersions of these galaxies with the self-similar radial profiles of the rms velocity and of the Gauss-Hermite moment h4 observed in nearby galaxies for 0 lesssim R lesssim 2Reff. For Q0957+561, we find a 16% uncertainty in the galaxy mass and formal 2 σ limits on the Hubble constant of H0=61$\mathstrut{^{+13}_{-15}}$ km s-1 Mpc-1. For PG 1115+080, we find that none of the viable lens models can be ruled …


Burnett Description For Plane Poiseuille Flow, Alejandro Garcia, F. Uribe Jan 1999

Burnett Description For Plane Poiseuille Flow, Alejandro Garcia, F. Uribe

Faculty Publications

Two recent works have shown that at small Knudsen number ~K! the pressure and temperature profiles in plane Poiseuille flow exhibit a different qualitative behavior from the profiles obtained by the Navier-Stokes equations. Tij and Santos [J. Stat. Phys. 76, 1399 (1994)] used the Bhatnagar-Gross-Kook model to show that the temperature profile is bimodal and the pressure profile is nonconstant. Malek-Mansour, Baras, and Garcia [Physica A 240, 255 (1997)] qualitatively confirmed these predictions in computer experiments using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC). In this paper we compare the DSMC measurements of hydrodynamic variables and non-equilibrium fluxes with numerical …


Twisting Of X-Ray Isophotes In Triaxial Galaxies, Aaron J. Romanowsky, C. S. Kochanek Jan 1998

Twisting Of X-Ray Isophotes In Triaxial Galaxies, Aaron J. Romanowsky, C. S. Kochanek

Faculty Publications

We investigate X-ray isophote twists created by triaxiality differences between the luminous stellar distributions and the dark halos in elliptical galaxies. For a typically oblate luminous galaxy embedded in a more prolate halo formed by dissipationless collapse, the triaxiality difference of ΔT simeq 0.7 leads to typical isophote twists of langΔψXrang simeq 16° ± 19° at 3 effective stellar radii. In a model that includes baryonic dissipation, the effect is smaller, with ΔT simeq 0.3 and langΔψXrang simeq 5° ± 8°. Thus, accurate measurements of X-ray isophote twists may be able to set constraints on the interactions between baryons and …


Cell Size Dependence Of Transport Coefficients In Stochastic Particle Algorithms, Alejandro Garcia, F. Alexander, B. Alder Jan 1998

Cell Size Dependence Of Transport Coefficients In Stochastic Particle Algorithms, Alejandro Garcia, F. Alexander, B. Alder

Faculty Publications

Using the Green–Kubo theory, the dependence of the viscosity and thermal conductivity on cell size is obtained explicitly for stochastic particle methods such as direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) and its generalization, the consistent Boltzmann algorithm (CBA). These analytical results confirm empirical observations that significant errors occur when the cell dimensions are larger than a mean free path.


Anomalous Flow Profile Due To The Curvature Effect On Slip Length, Alejandro Garcia, K. Tibbs, F. Baras Jan 1997

Anomalous Flow Profile Due To The Curvature Effect On Slip Length, Alejandro Garcia, K. Tibbs, F. Baras

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Structural And Dynamical Uncertainties In Modelling Axisymmetric Elliptical Galaxies, Aaron J. Romanowsky, C. S. Kochanek Jan 1997

Structural And Dynamical Uncertainties In Modelling Axisymmetric Elliptical Galaxies, Aaron J. Romanowsky, C. S. Kochanek

Faculty Publications

Quantitative dynamical models of galaxies require deprojection of the observed surface brightness to determine the luminosity density of the galaxy. Existing deprojection methods for axisymmetric galaxies assume that a unique deprojection exists for any given inclination, even though the projected density is known to be degenerate to the addition of ‘konus densities’ that are invisible in projection. We develop a deprojection method based on linear regularization that can explore the range of luminosity densities that are statistically consistent with an observed surface brightness distribution. The luminosity density is poorly constrained at modest inclinations (i ≿ 30°), even in the limit …


Three-Dimensional Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method For Slider Air Bearings, Alejandro Garcia, W. Huang, D. B. Bogy Jan 1997

Three-Dimensional Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method For Slider Air Bearings, Alejandro Garcia, W. Huang, D. B. Bogy

Faculty Publications

The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to solve the three-dimensional nano-scale gas film lubrication problem between a gas bearing slider and a rotating disk, and this solution is compared to the numerical solution of the compressible Reynolds equations with the slip flow correction based on the linearized Boltzmann equation as presented by Fukui and Kaneko [molecular gas film lubrication (MGL) method] [ASME J. Tribol. 110, 253 (1988)]. In the DSMC method, hundreds of thousands of simulated particles are used and their three velocity components and three spatial coordinates are calculated and recorded by using a hard-sphere collision …


A Simple Model For Nonequilibrium Fluctuations In A Fluid, Alejandro Garcia, F. Baras, M. Malek Mansour Jan 1996

A Simple Model For Nonequilibrium Fluctuations In A Fluid, Alejandro Garcia, F. Baras, M. Malek Mansour

Faculty Publications

Presents a train model that shows the long-range spatial correlations of fluctuations in nonequilibrium fluid systems. Illustration of model through analysis of flat-car trains running on parallel tracks; Simulation of train model in computers; Theoretical analysis for fluctuations in the train model; Relationship between train model and the fluctuating hydrodynamic theory of fluids.


Comment On 'Simulation Of A Two-Dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard System Using The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method, Alejandro Garcia, F. Baras, M. Malek Mansour Jan 1995

Comment On 'Simulation Of A Two-Dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard System Using The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method, Alejandro Garcia, F. Baras, M. Malek Mansour

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


A Consistent Boltzmann Algorithm, Alejandro Garcia, F. Alexander, B. Alder Jan 1995

A Consistent Boltzmann Algorithm, Alejandro Garcia, F. Alexander, B. Alder

Faculty Publications

The direct simulation Monte Carlo method for the Boltzmann equation is modified by an additional displacement in the advection process and an enhanced collision rate in order to obtain the exact hard sphere equation of state at all densities. This leads to consistent thermodynamic and transport properties in the low density (Boltzmann) regime. At higher densities transport properties are comparable to the predictions of the Enskog model. The algorithm is faster than molecular dynamics at low and moderate densities and readily run on a parallel architecture