Astrophysics and Astronomy Commons^™

On The Cosmological Models With Matter Creation, Emil M. Prodanov, Rossen Ivanov

Articles

The matter creation model of Prigogine--Géhéniau--Gunzig--Nardone is revisited in terms of a redefined creation pressure which does not lead to irreversible adiabatic evolution at constant specific entropy. With the resulting freedom to choose a particular gas process, a flat FRWL cosmological model is proposed based on three input characteristics: (i) a perfect fluid comprising of an ideal gas, (ii) a quasi-adiabatic polytropic process, and (iii) a particular rate of particle creation. Such model leads to the description of the late-time acceleration of the expanding Universe with a natural transition from decelerating to accelerating regime. Only the Friedmann equations and the …

A Plausible Resolution To Hilbert’S Failed Attempt To Unify Gravitation & Electromagnetism, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Robert Neil Boyd

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper, we explore the reasons why Hilbert’s axiomatic program to unify gravitation theory and electromagnetism failed and outline a plausible resolution of this problem. The latter is based on Gödel’s incompleteness theorem and Newton’s aether stream model.

Non-Locality, Precognition & Spirit From The Physics Point Of View, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

There are various supernatural phenomena which can hardly be explained by the existing mainstream science, for instance non-local interactions (e.g. ESP) and also precognitive interdictions. And there are other problems such as how to include the Spirit in the framework of physics. For example, it has been known for long time that intuition plays significant role in many professions and human life, including entrepreneurship, government, and also in detective or law enforcement activities. Despite these examples, such a precognitive interdiction is hardly accepted in mainstream science. In this paper, we discuss non-local interactions and advanced solutions of Maxwell equations, and …

How Many Points Are There In A Line Segment? A New Answer From Discrete Cellular Space Viewpoint, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

While it is known that Euclid’s five axioms include a proposition that a line consists at least of two points, modern geometry avoid consistently any discussion on the precise definition of point, line, etc. It is our aim to clarify one of notorious question in Euclidean geometry: how many points are there in a line segment? – from discrete-cellular space (DCS) viewpoint. In retrospect, it may offer an alternative of quantum gravity, i.e. by exploring discrete gravitational theories. To elucidate our propositions, in the last section we will discuss some implications of discrete cellular-space model in several areas of interest: …

A Derivation Of Fluidic Maxwell-Proca Equations For Electrodynamics Of Superconductors & Its Implication To Chiral Cosmology Model, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Yunita Umniyati

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Mario Liu described a hydrodynamic Maxwell equations [3] and, also discussed potential implications of these new approaches to superconductors which were made after Tajmar’s paper [4]. In this paper, we present for the first time a derivation of fluidic Maxwell-Proca equations. The name of fluidic Maxwell-Proca is proposed because the equations were based on modifying Maxwell-Proca and Hirsch’s theory of electrodynamics of superconductor. It is hoped that this paper may stimulate further investigations and experiments in superconductor. It may be expected to have some impact to cosmology modeling too, for instance we consider a hypothetical argument that photon mass can …

On Some Metaphysical Problems Of Many Worlds Interpretation Of Quantum Mechanics, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Yunita Umniyati

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Despite its enormous practical success, many physicists and philosophers alike agree that the quantum theory is full of contradictions and paradoxes which are difficult to solve consistently. Even after 90 years, the experts themselves still do not all agree what to make of it. The area of disagreement centers primarily around the problem of describing observations. Formally, the socalled quantum measurement problem can be defined as follows: the result of a measurement is a superposition of vectors, each representing the quantity being observed as having one of its possible values. The question that has to be answered is : how …

Remark On Vacuum Fluctuation As The Cause Of Universe Creation: Or How Neutrosophic Logic And Material Point Method May Resolve Dispute On The Origin Of The Universe Through Re-Reading Gen. 1:1-2, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Questions regarding the formation of the Universe and what was there before the existence of Early Universe have been great interest to mankind of all times. In recent decades, the Big Bang as described by the Lambda CDMStandard Model Cosmology has become widely accepted by majority of physics and cosmology communities. Among other things, we can cite A.A. Grib Pavlov who pointed out some problems of heavy particles creation out of vacuum and also other proposal of Creatio ex nihilo theory (CET). But the philosophical problems remain, as Vaas pointed out: Did the universe have a beginning or does it …

Thinking Out Loud On Primeval Atom, Big Bang & Biblical Account Of Creation, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In recent years, the Big Bang as described by the Lambda CDM-Standard Model Cosmology has become widely accepted by majority of physics and cosmology communities. Some people even have concluded that it has no serious alternative in horizon. Is that true? First, as we argued elsewhere, Big Bang relies on singularity, so, when we are able to describe the observed data without invoking singularity, then Big Bang model is no longer required. In this paper, we explore a few alternatives other than Big Bang which most cosmologists believe is the closest to biblical account of creation. We argue that re-reading …

Thinking Out Loud On Early Creation Through The Lens Of Hermeneutics Of Sherlock Holmes (Towards A Model Of Universe Based On Turbulence-Generated Sound Theory), Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In recent years, apparently the Big Bang as described by the Lambda CDM-Standard Model Cosmology has become widely accepted by majority of physics and cosmology communities. Even some people have concluded that it has no serious alternative in horizon. Is that true? First, as we argued elsewhere, Big Bang story relies on singularity. In other words, when we are able to describe the observed data without invoking singularity, then Big Bang model is no longer required. Therefore, here we explore a few alternative stories other than Big Bang story, which most cosmologists believe it is the nearest to Biblical account …

Examples Of The Birkhoff Theorem And Its Generalizations, Charles G. Torre

Tutorials on... in 1 hour or less

In this worksheet I demonstrate three versions of Birkhoff's theorem, which is a characterization of spherically symmetric solutions of the Einstein equations. The three versions considered here correspond to taking the "Einstein equations" to be: (1) the vacuum Einstein equations; (2) the Einstein equations with a cosmological constant (3) the Einstein-Maxwell equations. I will restrict my attention to 4-dimensional spacetimes.

How To Make Tetrads, Charles G. Torre

How to... in 10 minutes or less

This is a worksheet which demonstrates tools for creating orthonormal and null tetrads for a given spacetime.

Symmetric Criticality In General Relativity, Charles G. Torre

Research Vignettes

In this worksheet I explore the local Lagrangian version of the Principle of Symmetric Criticality (PSC) due to Anderson, Fels, and Torre], which asserts the commutativity of the processes (i) of symmetry reduction (for finding group-invariant fields) and (ii) forming Euler-Lagrange equations. There are two obstructions to PSC, which I will call the Lie algebra obstruction and the isotropy obstruction. In this worksheet I will illustrate these obstructions in the General Theory of Relativity.

Foreword By Guest Editors Maa 2018 Volume 18 Issue 4, Frank Prendergast, A. César González-García, Gary Wells, Juan Antonio Belmonte

Conference Papers

MAA SPECIAL ISSUE VOL 18 ISSUE 4:

Sixty-three (63) Selected (peer reviewed) Papers of the INSAP X – Oxford XI – SEAC 25th Joint Conference ‘ROAD TO THE STARS’, held in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 18th–22nd September 2017

Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry (MAA) is an Open Access Journal published since 2001 by The University of the Aegean, Department of Mediterranean Studies, Rhodes, Greece.

It covers the dual nature of archaeology and cultural heritage with science which includes, amongst others, natural science applied to archaeology (physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geophysics, astronomy), archaeology, ancient history, cultural sustainability, astronomy in culture, physical anthropology, …

The Encyclopedia Of Neutrosophic Researchers - Vol. 2, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This is the second volume of the Encyclopedia of Neutrosophic Researchers, edited from materials offered by the authors who responded to my invitation. The introduction contains a short history of neutrosophics, together with links to the main papers and books. The authors who have published neutrosophic papers, books, or defended neutrosophic master theses or PhD dissertations and are not included in the two ENR volumes, are kindly invited to send their self-presentations or their CVs, a photo, and a list of neutrosophic publications to [email protected] and [email protected] to be part of a third volume.

Florentin Smarandache

Introduction To The Usu Library Of Solutions To The Einstein Field Equations, Ian M. Anderson, Charles G. Torre

Tutorials on... in 1 hour or less

This is a Maple worksheet providing an introduction to the USU Library of Solutions to the Einstein Field Equations. The library is part of the DifferentialGeometry software project and is a collection of symbolic data and metadata describing solutions to the Einstein equations.

Facing The Sun, Frank Prendergast, Muiris O'Sullivan, Ken Williams, Gabriel Cooney

Articles

December 2017 marked 50 years since archaeologist Michael J. O’Kelly first observed the solar illumination of the burial chamber in the Neolithic passage tomb at Newgrange during the period of the winter solstice. O’Kelly subsequently recorded direct sunlight entering Newgrange through the ‘especially contrived slit which lies under the roof-box at the outer end of the passage roof’ on 21 December 1969. The discovery of this historic phenomenon, dating back over 5,000 years, captured the public interest and imagination at that time and ever since. In this major article published in the Winter 2017 edition of Archaeology Ireland (date of …

Almost-Bps Solutions In Multi-Center Taub-Nut, C. Rugina, A. Ludu

Publications

Microstates of multiple collinear black holes embedded in a non-collinear two-center Taub-NUT spacetime are sought in 4 dimensions. A set of coupled partial differential equations are obtained and solved for almost-BPS states, where some supersymmetry is preserved in the context of N = 2 supergravity in 4 dimensions. The regularity of solutions is carefully considered, and we ensure that no CTC (closed time-like curves) are present. The larger framework is that of 11-dimensional N = 2 supergravity, and the current theory is obtained by compactifying it down to 4 dimensions. This work is a generalization (to three non-collinear centers) of …

Shakespeare, A Supernova, And A Little Green Man Walk Into A Mathematics Classroom, Sheila Kirstin Miller

Journal of Humanistic Mathematics

Creativity amidst constraints is a hallmark of the STEM researcher. It is precisely what is required to see what has never been seen. It is also at the core of creative mathematics, more commonly called “research”. We in the 21^st century tell ourselves that science and story are separate enterprises. One goal of this article is to tell parts of the human story—featuring Shakespeare, Tycho Brahe, visiting stars, Little Green Men, and modern astrophysics—that might erode belief in that duality and illustrate why dissolving the artificial barriers between talents within individuals is to the benefit of ourselves, our students, …

Perihelion Precession In The General Theory Of Relativity, Charles G. Torre

Tutorials on... in 1 hour or less

This is a relatively quick and informal sketch of a demonstration that general relativistic corrections to the bound Kepler orbits introduce a perihelion precession. Any decent textbook on the general theory of relativity will derive this result. My analysis aligns with that found in the good old text "Introduction to General Relativity", by Adler, Bazin and Schiffer.

An Outline Of Cellular Automaton Universe Via Cosmological Kdv Equation, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Yunita Umniyati

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

It has been known for long time that the cosmic sound wave was there since the early epoch of the Universe. Signatures of its existence are abound. However, such a sound wave model of cosmology is rarely developed fully into a complete framework. This paper can be considered as our second attempt towards such a complete description of the Universe based on soliton wave solution of cosmological KdV equation. Then we advance further this KdV equation by virtue of Cellular Automaton method to solve the PDEs. We submit wholeheartedly Robert Kuruczs hypothesis that Big Bang should be replaced with a …

Series Solutions Of Polarized Gowdy Universes, Doniray Brusaferro

Theses and Dissertations

Einstein's field equations are a system of ten partial differential equations. For a special class of spacetimes known as Gowdy spacetimes, the number of equations is reduced due to additional structure of two dimensional isometry groups with mutually orthogonal Killing vectors. In this thesis, we focus on a particular model of Gowdy spacetimes known as the polarized T³ model, and provide an explicit solution to Einstein's equations.

Why Most Bright Stars Are Binary But Most Dim Stars Are Single: A Simple Qualitative Explanation, Olga Kosheleva, Vladik Kreinovich

Departmental Technical Reports (CS)

It is known that most visible stars are binary: they have a nearby companion star, and these two stars orbit around each other. Based on this fact, until recently, astronomers believed that, in general, most stars are binary. A few years ago, a surprising paper showed that while most bright stars are indeed binary, most dim stars are single. In this paper, we provide a simple qualitative explanation for this empirical fact.

Section Abstracts: Astronomy, Mathematics And Physics

Virginia Journal of Science

Abstracts of the Astronomy, Mathematics, and Physics Section for the 94th Annual Virginia Academy of Science Meeting, May 18-20, 2016, at University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, VA.

The Geometry Of Spacetime And Its Singular Nature, Filip Dul

Honors Scholar Theses

One hundred years ago, Albert Einstein revolutionized our understanding of gravity, and thus the large-scale structure of spacetime, by implementing differential geometry as the pri- mary medium of its description, thereby condensing the relationship between mass, energy and curvature of spacetime manifolds with the Einstein field equations (EFE), the primary compo- nent of his theory of General Relativity. In this paper, we use the language of Semi-Riemannian Geometry to examine the Schwarzschild and the Friedmann-Lemaˆıtre-Robertson-Walker met- rics, which represent some of the most well-known solutions to the EFE. Our investigation of these metrics will lead us to the problem of …

Hawking Radiation Screening And Penrose Process Shielding In The Kerr Black Hole, Eamon Mccaughey

Articles

The radial motion of massive particles in the equatorial plane of aKerr black hole is considered. Screening of the Hawking radiation and shielding of the Penrose process are examined (both inside and outside the ergosphere) and their effect on the evaporation of the black hole is studied. In particular, the locus and width of a classically forbidden region and their dependence on the particle’s angular momentum and energy is analysed. Tunneling of particles between the boundaries of this region is considered and the transmission coefficient determined.

The Kretschmann Scalar, Charles G. Torre

How to... in 10 minutes or less

On a pseudo-Riemannian manifold with metric g, the "Kretschmann scalar" is a quadratic scalar invariant of the Riemann R tensor of g, defined by contracting all indices with g. In this worksheet we show how to calculate the Kretschmann scalar from a metric.

The Encyclopedia Of Neutrosophic Researchers - Vol. 1, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This is the first volume of the Encyclopedia of Neutrosophic Researchers, edited from materials offered by the authors who responded to the editor’s invitation. The authors are listed alphabetically. The introduction contains a short history of neutrosophics, together with links to the main papers and books. Neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics, neutrosophic measure, neutrosophic precalculus, neutrosophic calculus and so on are gaining significant attention in solving many real life problems that involve uncertainty, impreciseness, vagueness, incompleteness, inconsistent, and indeterminacy. In the past years the fields of neutrosophics have been extended and applied in various fields, such as: …

The Martian Surface Radiation Environment- A Comparison Of Models And Msl/Rad Measurements, Daniel Matthiä, Bent Ehresmann, Henning Lohf, Jan Köhler, Cary Zeitlin, Jan Appel, John W. Wilson

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Context: The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) has been measuring the radiation environment on the surface of Mars since August 6th 2012. MSL-RAD is the first instrument to provide detailed information about charged and neutral particle spectra and dose rates on the Martian surface, and one of the primary objectives of the RAD investigation is to help improve and validate current radiation transport models.

Aims: Applying different numerical transport models with boundary conditions derived from the MSL-RAD environment the goal of this work was to both provide predictions for the particle spectra and the radiation …

Differentialgeometry In Brno, Ian M. Anderson

Presentations

This page will provide files supporting Ian Anderson's presentations in Brno, December 2015. The files can be found and downloaded from "Additional Files", below.

The files include:

(1) DifferentialGeometryUSU.mla: This is the Maple Library Archive file which provides all the DifferentialGeometry functionality. Here are Installation Instructions.

(2) DifferentialGeometry.help : this is the latest version of the DifferentialGeometry documentation. Copy this file to the same directory used for DifferentialGeometryUSU.mla (from step (1)).

Section Abstracts: Astronomy, Mathematics And Physics With Material Science

Virginia Journal of Science

Abstracts of the Astronomy, Mathematics, and Physics with Material Science Section for the 93rd Annual Meeting of the Virginia Academy of Science, May 21-23, 2015, James Madison University, Richmond, Virginia