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Articles 121 - 142 of 142
Full-Text Articles in Applied Mathematics
Turbulent Burning Model For Premixed Gaseous Mixtures, E Mushi
Turbulent Burning Model For Premixed Gaseous Mixtures, E Mushi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A turbulent burning model for premixed gaseous mixtures has been successfully developed. The model assumes instant burning of vortex Tubes of the order of Kolmogorov scale followed by burning of larger eddies of the order of Taylor micro scale. These eddies burn ar a rate dependent On the stretch rate. The influence of turbulence on the burning rate is introduced in the form of probability density function which gives the probability that a given mixture under turbulence will undergo burning rather than being quenched. The model has been validated againsi experiments involving turbulent explosions in a fan stirred bomb. Model …
A Comparison Of Three Numerical Methods Of Solutions Of Equations Describing Unsteady Gas Flow At Pipe Boundaries In Reciprocating Compressor Systems, M Mkumbwa
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A number of finite difference schemes are available to study pressure fluctuation effects in unsteady pipe flows. This paper presents a comparison Of the predictions made by three such schemes of unsteadyjlow effects in a number of reciprocating compressor pipe-work systems. The finite difference schemes considered were;- a first order scheme known as the method Of characteristics, two second order schemes which were the Leapfrog method and MacCormacVs method. A reciprocating compressor simulation computer program was coupled with equations describing the cylinder thermodynamic processes with the pipe flow equations for steady non-homentropicflow. The comparison presented takes into account both the …
Estimating The Usle - Soil Erodibility Factor In Developing Tropical Countries:A Case Study In Tanzania, Metthew Mulengeral
Estimating The Usle - Soil Erodibility Factor In Developing Tropical Countries:A Case Study In Tanzania, Metthew Mulengeral
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Developing countries in the tropics are facing more soil erosion problems than the developed temperate countries. These developing countries have no accurate locally applicable equation(s) for predicting soil erosion or for planning and implementation of soil conservation measures. Furthermore, These countries do not have the necessary resources to develop the soil loss prediction equation(s). Existing empirical equations like the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) if modified to suit tropical conditions can be useful a tool in soil erosion control in the region for a foreseeable future. In this paper equations'for estimating the soil erodibility factor in the USLE for tropical …
Extracting Consistent Weight Ratio Matrices From Inconsistent Judgement Matrices., Christian Alphonce
Extracting Consistent Weight Ratio Matrices From Inconsistent Judgement Matrices., Christian Alphonce
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The Analy,'ic Hierarchy Process (AHP) developed by Saaty Inore (han a decade ago has been widely applied in diverse decision making problenls ranging from socio-economic planning to engineering designs. One of the basic steps of this popular decision support tool is concerned with estimating a ratio scale of a set of entities from their inconsistent pairwise comparison judgement matrix. A number of estimation procedures for this purpose have been proposed. These include Saaty's eigenvector meihod, various geometric means methods, and methods using logarithmic least squares, least squares. and means Transformanons, amongst O,'hers. One Thing conunon to all these Inethods is …
Development And Evaluation Of A New Soil Erosion- Productivity Index Model (Sepim), Metthew Mulengera
Development And Evaluation Of A New Soil Erosion- Productivity Index Model (Sepim), Metthew Mulengera
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A soil erosion-productivity model which considers rhe effect of soil water storage Capacity. crop evapotranspiration, soil chemical and physical properties inrporrantfor Crop growth has been developed. The model is shown to give good predictions and it promises to be an improvement over the former productivity Index (PI). It also promises to give more reliable results than the currently used /nodels which consider only soil water storage capacity and crop e ' 'apotransp iration.
Model For Complete Drawdown Of Floating Solids In Stirred Tank Reactors, J Mmbaga
Model For Complete Drawdown Of Floating Solids In Stirred Tank Reactors, J Mmbaga
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A Semi-empirical model has been developed on the basis of Kolmogoroff's theory of isotropic turbulence to determine the minimum drawdown speed for floating solids in a mechanically agitated vessel. An adjustable pa- rameter in the model is found to be afunction of impeller type and position in a vessel. A simplified representation of macroscopicflow pattern, rep- resenting the circulation flow in a vessel depending on impeller pumping characteristic is developed to account for recirculation pattern.
Optimum Geometrical Parameters For Prismatic Folded Plate Roofs: System- Atic Search Approach, N Mwitta
Optimum Geometrical Parameters For Prismatic Folded Plate Roofs: System- Atic Search Approach, N Mwitta
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Folded plate structures have unique structural advantages over conven- nonal beam-and-slab structural forms. Selection of optimum geometrical parameters in design would make folded plate roofs more appealing to the national construction industry in terms ofcost. This paper presents a study on shape optimization of prismatic folded plate roofs for minimum weight of the structure per unit covered area. A computer based systematic search approach has been employed.for the optimization study, while the tranyeer matrix method has been used for analysis. Curves opriinum geometrical parameters versus span have been pre sented for three commonly used shapes of prismatic folded plate roofs. …
Regionalization Of Hydrologic Information In Tanzania (Low Flows), Onyekwuluje C
Regionalization Of Hydrologic Information In Tanzania (Low Flows), Onyekwuluje C
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Hydrologic infornjation is required for the planning and design Ofwater resource projects. However, Hydrologic infonnation is always lacking at points of interest. Regionalization is ained at estimating hydrologic infor- mation such as low flow statistics at ungauged sites. Hydrologic informa- tion from 63 catchments in Tanzania has been analysed. In this paper, pooled flow duration curves for 1, IO, 30, 60, and 90 days duration have been established. Regression equations between the low flow indices (i.e. 95 percentile and for a IO day duration, average annual yield (AAY), av- erage daily flow (ADE)) and catchment characteristics were developed. The pooled …
Influence Of Turbulence On Methane-Air Flame Speed, E Mushi
Influence Of Turbulence On Methane-Air Flame Speed, E Mushi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Experimental study Of the influence qfturbulence on flame speed for meth- ane-air mixtures has been conducted in afan stirred bomb using schlieren photography. It has been observed that turbulence increases flame speed but above KLe=O. 18 (KLe is the product Of the dimensionless Karlovitz flame stretch factor and the Lewis number) turbulence quenches the flame. Inminarflame kernel is observed to prevail in the early stages of flame development in a turbulent mixture. Further, the laminar burning velocity plays a significant role in turbulent combustion. It is proposed that the increase in flame speed is a result of flame wrinkling.
A Check Parameter Method For Use In Designing Relays, H Kadete
A Check Parameter Method For Use In Designing Relays, H Kadete
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Low quality magnetic steel available locally has been successfully used as core material for a relay. New design principles as well as construction procedure used in development of a prototype are presented. Then the new approach is assessed and found to deliver acceptable accuracy.
A Conceptual Approach To Water Resources Management For A Catchment In Tanzania, F Mwanuzi
A Conceptual Approach To Water Resources Management For A Catchment In Tanzania, F Mwanuzi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
In hydrology/Water resources, normally rainfall data are available for longer periods than runoff data. Many attempts have been made to extend these runoff data by using system approach and conceptual models. The conceptual approach to simulate runoff at the outlet ofa catchment is based on the physical processes involved in the transformation of rainfall into runoff (river flow). In this paper a conceptual model, (SEAMOD) has been used. This model has a limited number of parameters to optimize when compared to other models like the sacramental model. Also it requires less input data. The model assumes that the storage is …
Optimum Design For Spring With Orthogonal Design Method, Han Fu - Jie
Optimum Design For Spring With Orthogonal Design Method, Han Fu - Jie
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Orthogonal design method is a sort of direct optimum method, by which the op- timal result may be obtained through simple computation and analysis. This method has gained increasingly extensive interest in scientific research, engineering design, end production management as well. The orthogonal table is the basic instrument for carrying out optimum design with orthogonal design method. It is a mathernatical table established On the basis Of the idea of isostatic distribution. As various levels may appear in any column, it makes a partial experiment contain levels of all factors furthermore. RII combina- tions of any two columns may appear …
Optimization Of Dispersed Flor Pond For Bacterial Removal, Mayo A. W
Optimization Of Dispersed Flor Pond For Bacterial Removal, Mayo A. W
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The design of waste stabilization ponds is seldom done with consideration of optimum pond dimensions. The analysis of pond dimensions within practical limits in dispersed flow ponds on the basis of minimum cost for the predetermined bacterial remova) ef ficiency, with the aid of computer is presented. The data collected in the pilot and full scale waste stabilization ponds at the University of Dar es Salaam Was used as input to the computer program. The results shows that pond configuration and climatic conditions which have influence on bacterial mortality rate have a re:narkable influence on pond cost
Hydrodynamic Stability Of The Breakwater Extension At Rrviksand, Norway, Alfonse Dubi
Hydrodynamic Stability Of The Breakwater Extension At Rrviksand, Norway, Alfonse Dubi
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The fishing port of Årviksand in Norway, which is situated on an open coast, is artificially harboured by breakwaters. The northern and southern breakwaters which were built in 1930—ies and 1950—ies respecti vely have been on several occasions damaged by heavy storms. This resul ted in the need for further protection by extending the northern breakwater. This paper describes one of the hydrodynamic tests on the breakwater extension. The breakwater, with a berm breakwater concept design, is subjected to the joint probability of sea level elevation and wave heights (in other 'fatigue" test). words , It is found that cover …
Control System Design Program Based On Cascade Compensation, Fredrick Ishengoma
Control System Design Program Based On Cascade Compensation, Fredrick Ishengoma
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
CAD is becoming more widely accepted in the design and analysis of control systems. A program has been developed for analyzing single-input single-output linear time-invariant control system. The application of the progranl for frequency domain design of cascaded phase lead and phase lag coinpensators is briefly discussed. Two examples to illustrate the program are presented.
Evaluation Of Wind Data Records To Predict Extreme Extreme Wind Speeds In Tanzania, L Lwambuka
Evaluation Of Wind Data Records To Predict Extreme Extreme Wind Speeds In Tanzania, L Lwambuka
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The progress made towards evaluation of local wind data records to pred ict extreme values of wind speeds in Tanzania is being presented . Records of wind data, stored continuously since 18 years, have been compiled and statistically processed. Extreme value theory of Fisher —Tippet Type I has been fitted into the data to abstract extreme values of wind speeds for locations at which the wind data records were obtained. A reliable wind map of Tanzania containing basic wind speeds at 18 locations across the country has been produced. The basic wind speeds are being recommended for des ign against …
Flood Forecasting In Tanzanian Catchments, Omari Rumambo
Flood Forecasting In Tanzanian Catchments, Omari Rumambo
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Floods are still a problem to many countries in the world todate. Floods do cause damages to property and sometimes loss to human life. Flood control measures by structural and non—structural methods are avail able in the literature . However , structural flood control measures are financially infeasible in most developing countries today. Flood forecasting is a non—structural measure for reducing flood damages. It is a means of providing early The Li near f 1 ood warnings to flood prone areas . Perturbation Model has been appl ied for real time flood The Linear forecasting in Tan zanian catchments . …
The Hydraulic Performance Of A Vortex Tube Foector, F Mtaro
The Hydraulic Performance Of A Vortex Tube Foector, F Mtaro
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The vorle.r tube silt exrrac/or consists of a pipe, rhe crest of which has a slit and lies flush across lhe canal bed.With minimal warer loss, I.oe bedload is extracted through lhe slil settling canal back ro the river, thus reducing or eliminating the bedload transported in main canal. Ihe resulting swirling flow phenomena is of complex nature and depends on sc conirol paramerers, as a result of which previous empirical design approaches have yielded conflicting guidelines. By means Of a simplified hydraulic system, the flow mechanism and energy in rhe can be determined.
A Finite Element Analysis Of Wood In Transverse Compression, A Mrema
A Finite Element Analysis Of Wood In Transverse Compression, A Mrema
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A two dimensional finite element analysis is utilized to predict the stress and strain distributions for wood in transverse compression. Important key var iables are incorporated into the ana lysis to define their influence on the stress and strain distributions. These variables are geometry of loading, geometry of specimen and the orthotropic ratio of the material. Based on the finite element analysis results, relationships are arising stress from developed relat ing maximum stress concentrations to the above three variables. possible appl ications of the results from this study relate to the development of more efficient design of connections such as …
Experimental Investigations On The Behaviour Of Wood In Transverse Compression, A Mrema
Experimental Investigations On The Behaviour Of Wood In Transverse Compression, A Mrema
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
Experimental investigations were done to study the behaviour of wood in transverse compress ion. Three key variables were incorporated in the experiments to study their influence on the •nriables were the orthotropic ratio of the behav iour. These material, the geometry of loading and that of the specimen . Deformation measurements were made at selected locations on test specimens by means of strain—gage based clip gages. Results from the experimental measurements were compared to previous deformation predictions made by a finite element analysis (9) . There is a very good agreement between measured values and those obtained trom the finite …
Numerical Investigation Of A Non-Newtonian Material Through A Sudden Pipe Expansion, V. G. Masanja
Numerical Investigation Of A Non-Newtonian Material Through A Sudden Pipe Expansion, V. G. Masanja
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
A numerical method for solving two dimensional elliptic boundary-value problems of fourth order is used for finding stationary solutions of the equations of motion for a laminar flow through a sudden pipe expansion of an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid with a constitutive equation of the Reiner-Rivlin (R-R) type. Results for the Newtonian fluid, which is a special case, are in excellent agreement with those by previous investigators and they demonstrate the reliability, superiority and accuracy of the method. Results for the non-Newtonian cases could be of value for fixing ideas about visco-elastic behaviour although the R-R fluid allows only inelasticity: this …
The Mean Return Time To A State For A Markov Chain Representing In Telephone Conversations, M Luhanga
The Mean Return Time To A State For A Markov Chain Representing In Telephone Conversations, M Luhanga
Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)
The mean return time to a state for a Markov chain representing N off-hook telephone conversations can be obtained by using ergodic flow rates [1] or renewal theory [2]. In this paper it is shown that the same result may be obtained by using no more knowledge of stochastic processes than the solution of time-homogeneous Chapman-Kolmogorov equations.