Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Finite-Time Two-Spin Quantum Otto Engines:Shortcuts To Adiabaticity Vs. Irreversibility, Bariş Çakmak

Turkish Journal of Physics

We propose a quantum Otto cycle in a two spin-1/2 anisotropic XY model in a transverse external magnetic field. We first characterize the parameter regime that the working medium operates as an engine in the adiabatic regime. Then, we consider finite-time behavior of the engine with and without utilizing a shortcut to adiabaticity (STA) technique. STA schemes guarantee that the dynamics of a system follows the adiabatic path, at the expense of introducing an external control. We compare the performance of the nonadiabatic and STA engines for a fixed adiabatic efficiency but different parameters of the working medium. We observe …

Deep Learning For 3d Ear Detection: A Complete Pipeline From Data Generation To Segmentation, Md Mursalin, Syed Mohammed Shamsul Islam

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The human ear has distinguishing features that can be used for identification. Automated ear detection from 3D profile face images plays a vital role in ear-based human recognition. This work proposes a complete pipeline including synthetic data generation and ground-truth data labeling for ear detection in 3D point clouds. The ear detection problem is formulated as a semantic part segmentation problem that detects the ear directly in 3D point clouds of profile face data. We introduce EarNet, a modified version of the PointNet++ architecture, and apply rotation augmentation to handle different pose variations in the real data. We demonstrate that …

Public Transit Infrastructure And Heat Perceptions In Hot And Dry Climates, Yuliya Dzyuban, David M. Hondula, Paul J. Coseo, Charles L. Redman

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

Many cities aim to progress toward their sustainability and public health goals by increasing use of their public transit systems. However, without adequate protective infrastructure that provides thermally comfortable conditions for public transit riders, it can be challenging to reach these goals in hot climates. We took micrometeorological measurements and surveyed riders about their perceptions of heat and heat-coping behaviors at bus stops with a variety of design attributes in Phoenix, AZ, USA, during the summer of 2018. We identified the design attributes and coping behaviors that made riders feel cooler. We observed that current infrastructure standards and material choices …

The (Digital) Medium Of Mobility Is The Message: Examining The Influence Of E-Scooter Mobile App Perceptions On E-Scooter Use Intent, Rabindra Ratan, Kelsey Earle, Sonny Rosenthal, Vivian Hsueh Hua Chen, Andrew Gambiro, Gerard Goggin, Hallam Stevens, Benjamin Li, Kwan Min Lee

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

The present research examines how perceptions of e-scooter mobile apps (i.e., a communication technology) influence intent to use e-scooters (i.e., a transportation technology) while considering other perceptions specific to e-scooters (ease of use, usefulness, safety, environmental impact, and enjoyment), context of use (geographic landscape), and demographic factors (age and sex). Results suggest mobile app perceived ease of use is associated with e-scooter use intent and this effect is mediated by e-scooter perceived usefulness, even when controlling for e-scooter perceived ease of use as well as other influential elements of e-scooter use. In addition to illustrating the importance of user experiences …

A Deep Learning Model To Predict Traumatic Brain Injury Severity And Outcome From Mr Images, Dacosta Yeboah, Hung Nguyen, Daniel B. Hier, Gayla R. Olbricht, Tayo Obafemi-Ajayi

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

For Many Neurological Disorders, Including Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Neuroimaging Information Plays a Crucial Role Determining Diagnosis and Prognosis. TBI is a Heterogeneous Disorder that Can Result in Lasting Physical, Emotional and Cognitive Impairments. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a Non-Invasive Technique that Uses Radio Waves to Reveal Fine Details of Brain Anatomy and Pathology. Although MRIs Are Interpreted by Radiologists, Advances Are Being Made in the Use of Deep Learning for MRI Interpretation. This Work Evaluates a Deep Learning Model based on a Residual Learning Convolutional Neural Network that Predicts TBI Severity from MR Images. the Model Achieved a …

Modeling Stromatolite Formation With Diffusion-Limited Aggregation, Laura E. Stevens

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Stromatolites, microbialites, and other microbially induced sedimentary structures exist in the rock record as far back as 3.6 billion years ago and continue to form in the present day. Better characterizing these structures and better understanding how they form is crucial in distinguishing these biosignatures from similar, abiotic structures, which can help us to understand the conditions of early Earth and early Mars. To that end, I have modified DLA 3D EXT, an open-source stromatolite modeling program, to more closely reflect the process of microbial trapping-and-binding by filamentous microbes in a calcite-precipitating hot spring system. This modified program includes a …

Nitrogen Dynamics And Transport Along Flowpaths In A Rural Wetland-Stream Complex, Colton Kyro

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Human activities have doubled the rate of nitrogen inputs onto the landscape resulting in elevated nitrogen concentrations in our streams. Anthropogenically applied nitrogen is largely transported to stream networks via groundwater movement. Groundwater discharge occurs in distinct points along a stream but whose influences can often persist far beyond that area due to insufficient biogeochemical removal of imported nitrogen potentially causing alterations in community structure and precipitating large algae blooms. To understand the factors governing nitrogen abundance in a historical polluted stream, I used a mass-balance approach to quantify groundwater-surface water interaction and the magnitude of groundwater nitrogen input and …

Exploiting Semantic Embedding And Visual Feature For Facial Action Unit Detection, Huiyuan Yang, Lijun Yin, Yi Zhou, Jiuxiang Gu

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Recent study on detecting facial action units (AU) has utilized auxiliary information (i.e., facial landmarks, relationship among AUs and expressions, web facial images, etc.), in order to improve the AU detection performance. As of now, no semantic information of AUs has yet been explored for such a task. As a matter of fact, AU semantic descriptions provide much more information than the binary AU labels alone, thus we propose to exploit the Semantic Embedding and Visual feature (SEV-Net) for AU detection. More specifically, AU semantic embeddings are obtained through both Intra-AU and Inter-AU attention modules, where the Intra-AU attention module …

Fiber Optic Sensors For Industry And Military Applications, Yiyang Zhuang

Doctoral Dissertations

"Fiber optic sensors (FOSs) have been widely used for measuring various physical and chemical measurands owing to their unique advantages over traditional sensors such as small size, high resolution, distributed sensing capabilities, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. This dissertation focuses on the development of robust FOSs with ultrahigh sensitivity and their applications in industry and military areas.

Firstly, novel fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) inclinometers for one- and two-dimensional tilt measurements with 20 nrad resolution were demonstrated. Compared to in-line fiber optic inclinometers, an extrinsic sensing motif was used in our prototype inclinometer. The variations in tilt angle of the …

A Hand-Held Structure From Motion Photogrammetric Approach To Riparian And Stream Asseessment And Monitoring, Joseph M. Dehnert, Joseph Dehnert

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Two of the biggest weaknesses in stream restoration and monitoring are: 1) subjective estimation and subsequent comparison of changes in channel form, vegetative cover, and in-stream habitat; and 2) the high costs in terms of financing, human resources, and time necessary to make these estimates. Remote sensing can be used to remedy these weaknesses and save organizations focused on restoration both money and time. However, implementing traditional remote sensing approaches via autonomous aerial systems or light detection and ranging systems is either prohibitively expensive or impossible along small streams with dense vegetation. Hand-held Structure from Motion Multi-view Stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetric …

Data And Resource Management In Wireless Networks Via Data Compression, Gps-Free Dissemination, And Learning, Xiaofei Cao

Doctoral Dissertations

“This research proposes several innovative approaches to collect data efficiently from large scale WSNs. First, a Z-compression algorithm has been proposed which exploits the temporal locality of the multi-dimensional sensing data and adapts the Z-order encoding algorithm to map multi-dimensional data to a one-dimensional data stream. The extended version of Z-compression adapts itself to working in low power WSNs running under low power listening (LPL) mode, and comprehensively analyzes its performance compressing both real-world and synthetic datasets. Second, it proposed an efficient geospatial based data collection scheme for IoTs that reduces redundant rebroadcast of up to 95% by only collecting …

"Prophet", Terry A. Messmer

Human–Wildlife Interactions

This is the letter from the editor-in-chief.

Explicit Tight Frames For Simulating A New System Of Fractional Nonlinear Partial Differential Equation Model Of Alzheimer Disease, Mutaz Mohammad, Alexander Trounev

All Works

This paper is devoted to develop a new mathematical model for Alzheimer disease based on a system of fractional-order partial differential equations. The system of Alzheimer disease includes neurons, astrocytes, microglias and peripheral macrophages, as well as amyloid β aggregation and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. We consider the Caputo fractional derivative definition to analyze the formulated system by simulating the effect of drugs that either failed or currently in clinical trials. To simulate the model, we use tight frame (framelet) systems generated using the unitaryand oblique extension principle. According to the simulation results, and based on using such new direction of …

Files Cryptography Based On One-Time Pad Algorithm, Ahmad Mohamad Al-Smadi, Ahmad Al-Smadi, Roba Mahmoud Ali Aloglah, Nisrein Abu-Darwish, Ahed Abugabah

All Works

The Vernam-cipher is known as a one-time pad of algorithm that is an unbreakable algorithm because it uses a typically random key equal to the length of data to be coded, and a component of the text is encrypted with an element of the encryption key. In this paper, we propose a novel technique to overcome the obstacles that hinder the use of the Vernam algorithm. First, the Vernam and advance encryption standard AES algorithms are used to encrypt the data as well as to hide the encryption key; Second, a password is placed on the file because of the …

Multi-Level Resource Sharing Framework Using Collaborative Fog Environment For Smart Cities, Tariq Qayyum, Zouheir Trabelsi, Asad Waqar Malik, Kadhim Hayawi

All Works

No abstract provided.

Upper-Sided Ewma-Based Distribution-Specific Tolerance Limits, Owen Visser

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Tolerance limits are constructed from sample data to ascertain if a proportion of a process is within specification limits. There exists multiple methods of calculating the sample size requirements for tolerance limits under various assumptions. In this research, a distribution-specific algorithm that utilizes the exponentially weighted moving average technique (EWMA), first introduced by Sa and Razaila (2004), is reconstructed. The algorithm is used to calculate the required sample sizes for continuous construction of upper-sided tolerance limits. The sample sizes and intervals constructed from them are compared to three existing methods for various distributions. The distribution-specific algorithm was observed to reduce …

Depicting Bivariate Relationship With A Gaussian Ellipse, Mamunur Rashid, Jyotirmoy Sarkar

Mathematics Faculty Publications

For data on two continuous variables, how should one depict the summary statistics (means, SDs, correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination, regression lines) so that their values can be read off easily from the depiction and potential outliers can be flagged also? We propose the Gaussian covariance ellipse as an answer that will benefit all users of statistics.

Predicting The Impacts Of Climate Change On The Great Lakes Water Levels Using A Fully Coupled 3d Regional Modeling System, Miraj Kayastha

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The Great Lakes of North America are the largest surface freshwater system in the world and many ecosystems, industries, and coastal processes are sensitive to the changes in their water levels. The recent changes in the Great Lakes climate and water levels have particularly highlighted the importance of water level prediction. The water levels of the Great Lakes are primarily governed by the net basin supplies (NBS) of each lake which are the sum of over-lake precipitation and basin runoff minus lake evaporation. Recent studies have utilized Regional Climate Models (RCMs) with a fully coupled one-dimensional (1D) lake model to …

Quantifying The Value Of Foam-Based Flexible Floating Solar Photovoltaic Systems, Koami Soulemane Hayibo

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Distributed generation with solar photovoltaic (PV) technology is economically competitive if net metered in the U.S. Yet there is evidence that net metering is misrepresenting the true value of distributed solar generation so that the value of solar (VOS) is becoming the preferred method for evaluating economics of grid-tied PV. VOS calculations are challenging and there is widespread disagreement in the literature on the methods and data needed. To overcome these limitations, this thesis reviews past VOS studies to develop a generalized model that considers realistic future avoided costs and liabilities. The approach used here is bottom-up modeling where the …

A Transdisciplinary Analysis Of Just Transition Pathways To 100% Renewable Electricity, Adewale Aremu Adesanya

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The transition to using clean, affordable, and reliable electrical energy is critical for enhancing human opportunities and capabilities. In the United States, many states and localities are engaging in this transition despite the lack of ambitious federal policy support. This research builds on the theoretical framework of the multilevel perspective (MLP) of sociotechnical transitions as well as the concept of energy justice to investigate potential pathways to 100 percent renewable energy (RE) for electricity provision in the U.S. This research seeks to answer the question: what are the technical, policy, and perceptual pathways, barriers, and opportunities for just transition to …

Impact Of Hemodynamic Vortex Spatial And Temporal Characteristics On Analysis Of Intracranial Aneurysms, Kevin W. Sunderland

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a potentially devastating pathological condition in which bleeding occurs into the space surrounding the brain. One of the prominent sources of subarachnoid hemorrhage are intracranial aneurysms (IA): degenerative, irregular expansions of area(s) of the cerebral vasculature. In the event of IA rupture, the resultant subarachnoid hemorrhage ends in patient mortality occurring in ~50% of cases, with survivors enduring significant neurological damage with physical or cognitive impairment. The seriousness of IA rupture drives a degree of clinical interest in understanding these conditions that promote both the development and possible rupture of the vascular malformations. Current metrics for the …

Statistical Methods In Genetic Studies, Cheng Gao

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This dissertation includes three Chapters. A brief description of each chapter is organized as follows.

In Chapter 1, we proposed a new method, called MF-TOWmuT, for genome-wide association studies with multiple genetic variants and multiple phenotypes using family samples. MF-TOWmuT uses kinship matrix to account for sample relatedness. It is worth mentioning that in simulations, we considered hidden polygenic effects and varied the proportion of variance contributed by it to generate phenotypes. Simulation studies show that MF-TOWmuT can preserve the type I error rates and is more powerful than several existing methods in different simulation scenarios, MFTOWmuT is also quite …

Mapping Michigan's Historic Coastlines, Ryan A. Williams

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This five-year project, sponsored by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, is working to map how Michigan’s Great Lakes shorelines have changed over the past 80+ years. Products of this project include publicly available digital, georeferenced, historic aerial photography datasets, as well as map layers depicting the locations of historic shorelines and bluff lines from 1938, 1980, 2009, 2016, 2018, and 2020. Additional products include bluff retreat risk areas, shoreline rate of change map layers, and tools to assist in the development of future Coastal Vulnerability Index projects for the Great Lakes. All products are available as …

Origin And Distribution Of Diffuse Soil Co2 Gas Emissions Across Turrialba And Irazú Volcanoes, Costa Rica, Katie Nelson

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

We characterized large-scale volatile emissions across the summit and flanks of the actively degassing Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica, using soil gas flux measurements and ¹³C isotopes. The objectives of this study were the following: 1) to monitor changes in the magmatic activity and identify source contributions over Turrialba using measurements of CO₂ soil gas emissions since the volcano last erupted in 2014-2015, and 2) to identify the location and extent of magma at depth, and the structures that allow gas transport to the surface. Degassing at the summit is concentrated along one normal fault lineament, the trace of …

Physicochemical Properties Of Atmospheric Aerosols And Their Effect On Ice Cloud Formation, Nurun Nahar Lata

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Atmospheric aerosols play a vital role in the Earth's energy budget-directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and ice-nucleating particles [1, 2]. The cloud formation potential of aerosol is driven by multiple factors, including surface properties, size distribution, composition, mixing state, phase state, and morphology [3]. The interaction of aerosols with clouds alters the aerosol's physicochemical properties. Those properties can also evolve during transport due to atmospheric processing, in turn, affect the aerosol's ice nucleation and cloud formation activities. This thesis presents experimental studies to understand the role of physicochemical properties of …

Major Index Over Descent Distributions Of Standard Young Tableaux, Emily Anible

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This thesis concerns the generating functions $f_{\lambda, k}(q)$ for standard Young tableaux of shape $\lambda$ with precisely $k$ descents, aiming to find closed formulas for a general form given by Kirillov and Reshetikhin in 1988. Throughout, we approach various methods by which further closed forms could be found. In Chapter 2 we give closed formulas for tableaux of any shape and minimal number of descents, which arise as principal specializations of Schur functions. We provide formulas for tableaux with three parts and one more than minimal number of descents, and demonstrate that the technique is extendable to any number of …

Efficient Modeling Of Random Sampling-Based Lru Cache, Junyao Yang

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The Miss Ratio Curve (MRC) is an important metric and effective tool for caching system performance prediction and optimization. Since the Least Recently Used (LRU) replacement policy is the de facto policy for many existing caching systems, most previous studies on efficient MRC construction are predominantly focused on the LRU replacement policy. Recently, the random sampling-based replacement mechanism, as opposed to replacement relying on the rigid LRU data structure, gains more popularity due to its lightweight and flexibility. To approximate LRU, at replacement times, the system randomly selects K objects and replaces the least recently used object among the sample. …

Cobalt, Molybdenum, And Nickel Complexes, Natural Zeolites, Epoxidation, And Free Radical Reactions, Nicholas K. Newberry

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Chapter 2 is based on the synthesis and study of the compounds of the bidentate ligand ((5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)phosphine oxide with molybdenum and cobalt as the transition metal. The complexes were analyzed via FTIR, NMR, UV-Vis, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, TGA, DFT, and XRD. Chapter 3 resulted in the synthesis of the complexes [Ni(II)SSRRL](PF6)2 and [Ni(II)SRSRL](Cl)(PF6) of which [Ni(II)SRSRL](Cl)(PF6) had not been previously analyzed. Both products were analyzed via FTIR, NMR, UV-Vis, CV, DFT, and XRD. Chapter 5 contains the results of the characterization and modification of 4 natural zeolites (AZLB-Na, AZLB-Ca, NM-CA, NV-Na) from the United States in an attempt to increase the …

Superresolution Enhancement With Active Convolved Illumination, Anindya Ghoshroy

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

The first two decades of the 21st century witnessed the emergence of “metamaterials”. The prospect of unrestricted control over light-matter interactions was a major contributing factor leading to the realization of new technologies and advancement of existing ones. While the field certainly does not lack innovative applications, widespread commercial deployment may still be several decades away. Fabrication of sophisticated 3d micro and nano structures, specially for telecommunications and optical frequencies will require a significant advancement of current technologies. More importantly, the effects of absorption and scattering losses will require a robust solution since this renders any conceivable application of metamaterials …

Explainable Feature- And Decision-Level Fusion, Siva Krishna Kakula

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Information fusion is the process of aggregating knowledge from multiple data sources to produce more consistent, accurate, and useful information than any one individual source can provide. In general, there are three primary sources of data/information: humans, algorithms, and sensors. Typically, objective data---e.g., measurements---arise from sensors. Using these data sources, applications such as computer vision and remote sensing have long been applying fusion at different "levels" (signal, feature, decision, etc.). Furthermore, the daily advancement in engineering technologies like smart cars, which operate in complex and dynamic environments using multiple sensors, are raising both the demand for and complexity of fusion. …