Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Coupled Mm5-Noah And Surface Model-Based Assessment Of Sensitivity Of Planetary Boundary Layer Variables To Anomalous Soil Moisture Conditions, Rezaul Mahmood

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Equilibrium Sampling Used To Monitor Malodors In A Swine Waste Lagoon, Rezaul Mahmood

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Agricultural Systems: Agroecology And Rural Innovations For Development [Book Review], Charles A. Francis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

To welcome yet another book on sustainable development, a reviewer must look for what is unique and what adds value to the volumes already published. In Agricultural Systems, editors Sieglinde Snapp and Barry Pound have assembled a collection of chapters that goes beyond the usual praise and criticism of the green revolution and the focus on economic development. Their book provides a first-hand story by people with lengthy experiences in the field, especially in Africa, who have developed and tested grassroots, participatory development approaches. The result is a valuable set of principles, strategies and case studies that paint a new …

Landscape Analysis Of Vegetation Change In Coastal Louisiana Following Hurricanes Katrina And Rita, Gregory Dean Steyer

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Investigations of hurricane disturbances on coastal vegetated communities are common, but relatively few are comprehensive across broad geographic regions. The 2005 hurricanes, Katrina and Rita, exposed Louisiana coastal landscapes to physical modifications and extensive and prolonged flooding, resulting in measurable physicochemical changes. This research used remote sensing and field investigations to regionally assess (1) porewater salinity and sulfide impacts to and recovery of coastal Louisiana vegetation communities, and (2) the importance of mineral sediment deposition on accretionary processes. Hurricane effects were most direct and prominent in eastern Louisiana from Katrina and western Louisiana from Rita, compared to central Louisiana exposed …

Data Assimilation And Visualization For Ensemble Wildland Fire Models, Soham Chakraborty

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

This thesis describes an observation function for a dynamic data driven application system designed to produce short range forecasts of the behavior of a wildland fire. The thesis presents an overview of the atmosphere-fire model, which models the complex interactions between the fire and the surrounding weather and the data assimilation module which is responsible for assimilating sensor information into the model. Observation plays an important role in data assimilation as it is used to estimate the model variables at the sensor locations. Also described is the implementation of a portable and user friendly visualization tool which displays the locations …

Phylogenetic Methods For Testing Significant Codivergence Between Host Species And Their Symbionts, Skyler Speakman

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Significant phylogenetic codivergence between plant or animal hosts (H) and their symbionts or parasites (P) indicate the importance of their interactions on evolutionary time scales. However, valid and realistic methods to test for codivergence are not fully developed. One of the systems where possible codivergence has been of interest involves the large subfamily of temperate grasses (Pooideae) and their endophytic fungi (epichloae). Here we introduce the MRCALink (most-recent-common-ancestor link) method and use it to investigate the possibility of grass-epichloё codivergence. MRCALink applied to ultrametric H and P trees identifies all corresponding nodes for pairwise comparisons of …

Multigrid Convergence For Second Order Elliptic Problems With Smooth Complex Coefficients, Jay Gopalakrishnan, Joseph E. Pasciak

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The finite element method when applied to a second order partial differential equation in divergence form can generate operators that are neither Hermitian nor definite when the coefficient function is complex valued. For such problems, under a uniqueness assumption, we prove the continuous dependence of the exact solution and its finite element approximations on data provided that the coefficients are smooth and uniformly bounded away from zero. Then we show that a multigrid algorithm converges once the coarse mesh size is smaller than some fixed number, providing an efficient solver for computing discrete approximations. Numerical experiments, while confirming the theory, …

Asymptotic And Numerical Techniques For Resonances Of Thin Photonic Structures, Jay Gopalakrishnan, Shari Moskow, Fadil Santosa

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We consider the problem of calculating resonance frequencies and radiative losses of an optical resonator. The optical resonator is in the form of a thin membrane with variable dielectric properties. This work provides two very different approaches for doing such calculations. The first is an asymptotic method which exploits the small thickness and high index of the membrane. We derive a limiting resonance problem as the thickness goes to zero, and for the case of a simple resonance, find a first order correction. The limiting problem and the correction are in one less space dimension, which can make the approach …

The Indefinite Metric Of R. Mrugala And The Geometry Of The Thermodynamical Phase Space, Serge Preston, James Vargo

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We study an indefinite metric G which was introduced by R. Mrugala and is defined on the contact phase space (P, θ) of a homogeneous thermodynamical system. We describe the curvature properties and the isometry group of the metric G. We established an isomorphism of the space (P, θ, G) with the Heisenberg Lie group H_n, endowed with the right invariant contact structure and the right invariant indefinite metric. The lift of the metric G to the symplectization of contact space (P, θ) and its properties are studied. Finally we introduce the "hyperbolic projectivization" of the space …

Uniform Materials And The Multiplicative Decomposition Of The Deformation Gradient In Finite Elasto-Plasticity, Vincenzo Ciancio, Marina Dolfin, Mauro Francaviglia, Serge Preston

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this work we analyze the relation between the multiplicative decomposition F = F e F p of the deformation gradient as a product of the elastic and plastic factors and the theory of uniform materials. We prove that postulating such a decomposition is equivalent to having a uniform material model with two configurations – total φ and the inelastic φ1. We introduce strain tensors characterizing different types of evolutions of the material and discuss the form of the internal energy and that of the dissipative potential. The evolution equations are obtained for the configurations (φ, φ1) and the material …

On The Spectra Of Certain Directed Paths, Carlos Martins Da Fonseca, J. J. P. Veerman

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We describe the eigenpairs of special kinds of tridiagonal matrices related to problems on traffic on a one-lane road. Some numerical examples are provided.

Muir Studies Of Nonlinear Ionospheric Interactions At Haarp, Margaret Eileen Bacon

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Studies of nonlinear ionospheric interactions were undertaken at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) site in Alaska using the co-located Modular UHF Incoherent scatter Radar (MUIR). High frequency heating of the ionosphere produced plasma wave decay processes, the signatures of which were received by MUIR and interpreted with spectral analysis in MATLAB. The most commonly observed decay scheme was that of the Parametric Decay Instability, producing the distinct multifrequency cascade feature in the HF backscatter. The results presented here are intended to contribute to the understanding of HF heating facility capabilities, plasma wave decay processes, and diagnostic instrument …

Towards A Metric For The Assessment Of Safety Critical Control Systems, Oscar R. Gonzalez, Jorge R. Chavez-Fuentes, W. Steven Gray

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

There is a need for better integration of the fault tolerant and the control designs for safety critical systems such as aircraft. The dependability of current designs is assessed primarily with measures of the interconnection of fault tolerant components: the reliability function and the mean time to failure. These measures do not directly take into account the interaction of the fault tolerant components with the dynamics of the aircraft. In this paper, a first step to better integrate these designs is made. It is based on the observation that unstable systems are intrinsically unreliable and that a necessary condition for …

Vegetation Identification Based On Satellite Imagery, Vamsi K.R. Mantena, Ramu Pedada, Srinivas Jakkula, Yuzhong Shen, Jiang Li, Hamid R. Arabnia (Ed.)

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Automatic vegetation identification plays an important role in many applications including remote sensing and high performance flight simulations. This paper presents a method to automatically identify vegetation based upon satellite imagery. First, we utilize the ISODATA algorithm to cluster pixels in the images where the number of clusters is determined by the algorithm. We then apply morphological operations to the clustered images to smooth the boundaries between clusters and to fill holes inside clusters. After that, we compute six features for each cluster. These six features then go through a feature selection algorithm and three of them are determined to …

Electron Density And Temperature Measurement Of An Atmospheric Pressure Plasma By Millimeter Wave Interferometer, Xinpei Lu, Mounir Laroussi

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, a 105 GHz millimeter wave interferometer system is used to measure the electron density and temperature of an atmospheric pressure helium plasma driven by submicrosecond pulses. The peak electron density and electron-neutral collision frequency reach 8 X 10¹² cm^-3 and 2.1 X 10¹² s^-1, respectively. According to the electron-helium collision cross section and the measured electron-neutral collision frequency, the electron temperature of the plasma is estimated to reach a peak value of about 8.7 eV.

Reproducible Increased Mg Incorporation And Large Hole Concentration In Gan Using Metal Modulated Epitaxy, Shawn D. Burnham, Gon Namkoong, David C. Look, Bruce Clafin, W. Alan Doolittle

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The metal modulated epitaxy (MME) growth technique is reported as a reliable approach to obtain reproducible large hole concentrations in Mg-doped GaN grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy on c-plane sapphire substrates. An extremely Ga-rich flux was used, and modulated with the Mg source according to the MME growth technique. The shutter modulation approach of the MME technique allows optimal Mg surface coverage to build between MME cycles and Mg to incorporate at efficient levels in GaN films. The maximum sustained concentration of Mg obtained in GaN films using the MME technique was above 7 × 10²⁰ cm^{-3 …}

Syntheses, Structures And Magnetic Characterization Of Di- And Trivalent Hydridotris(3,5-Dimethylpyrazol-1-Yl)Borate Cyanomanganates, Minao Tang

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

The syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of a series of di/trivalent hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate (Tp*) cyanomanganates were investigated. Treatment of manganese(III)acetylacetonate with KTp* followed by tetra(ethyl)- ammonium cyanide affords [NEt₄][(Tp*)Mn^II(acac)(CN)] (1). Attempts to oxidize 1 with iodine affords {(Tp*)Mn^II(κ²O-acac-CN)}_n (7); a minor complex {[NEt₄][(Tp*)Mn^II(κ²O-acac-3-CN)]₂(µ-CN) (8) was also isolated.

The manganese(II) complex [NEt₄][(Tp*)Mn^II(κ²O-acac-3-CN)(κ¹N -3-NC-acac)] (2) was obtained via treatment of Mn(3-acacCN)₃ with KTp* and [NEt₄]CN. [NEt₄]₂[Mn …

An Evaluation Of Earthquake Ground-Motion Site Effects At Two Sites Underlain By Deep Soils In Western Kentucky, Jonathan Larry Mcintyre

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Six earthquake acceleration time histories were used to evaluate the groundmotion response of two sites, VSAP and VSAS, near the New Madrid Seismic Zone. These earthquakes ranged in magnitude from M_w 3.6 to M_w 5.2 and were located 46 to 173 km away from the recording instruments. These two sites are underlain by thick sequences (100 and 590 m) of unlithified soil that have been shown to greatly influence earthquake ground motions.

Near-surface soil dynamic properties were characterized at the two sites using seismic SH-wave refraction, P-S suspension logging, borehole electrical logs, and geotechnical logging methods. The soil …

Subsurface Characterization And Seuqence Stratigraphy Of Late Mississippian Strata In The Black Warrior Basin, Alabama And Mississippi, Carrie A. Kidd

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

A depositional framework for the Mississippian (Chesterian) Pride Mountain Formation/Hartselle Sandstone clastic tongue and the lower Bangor Limestone carbonate ramp in the Black Warrior basin, Mississippi and Alabama, is constructed from approximately 250 geophysical well logs, 15 well cuttings descriptions, and outcrop data. The framework is based upon cross sections, isopach maps, and transgressive-regressive sequence stratigraphy.

The Lowndes-Pickens synsedimentary fault block controlled sediment dispersal in during Pride Mountain/Hartselle deposition. The basin filled from the southwest, which pushed the depocenter northeastward during Hartselle deposition. The Hartselle sub-basin is composed of the Hartselle barrier-island and back-barrier deposits to the southwest, including the …

Integrated Geophysical Imaging Of Subsurface Geologic Conditions Across A Contaminant Plume, Mccracken County, Kentucky, Cora A. Blits

University of Kentucky Master's Theses

Over 7.8 km of seismic reflection data and 2 km of electrical resistivity data were acquired, processed, and interpreted during this multi-method geophysical study. Objectives included the definition of geologic conditions underlying a contaminant plume in McCracken County, western Kentucky, and the determination of the potential for structural control on the rate and direction of plume migration. Both geophysical methods indicate the presence of multiple high-angle normal faults outlining a series of asymmetric grabens ranging in width from 160 m to almost 300 m and striking between N40°E and N45°E. There was agreement between the two methods on fault location …

Differential Geometry In Cartesian Closed Categories Of Smooth Spaces, Martin Laubinger

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The main categories of study in this thesis are the categories of diffeological and Fr\"olicher spaces. They form concrete cartesian closed categories. In Chapter 1 we provide relevant background from category theory and differentiation theory in locally convex spaces. In Chapter 2 we define a class of categories whose objects are sets with a structure determined by functions into the set. Fr\"olicher's $M$-spaces, Chen's differentiable spaces and Souriau's diffeological spaces fall into this class of categories. We prove cartesian closedness of the two main categories, and show that they have all limits and colimits. We exhibit an adjunction between the …

Modeling The Fate Of Pharmaceuticals And Personal Care Products In Sewage Treatment Plants, Craig D. Adams

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Chemical fate models can be used to estimate the transformation reactions and the partitioning behavior of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage treatment plants (STPs). Modeling the fate of PPCPs in a STP requires parameters such as rate constants or partition coefficients that are often unique to a specific STP, and that may exhibit significant temporal variability. Chemical fate models provide both a valuable test of our understanding of the fundamental underlying mechanisms regarding the fate of PPCPs in STPs, as well as a means of providing both qualitative and quantitative estimates for PPCP removal. This paper is …

Mycobacteriosis-Associated Mortality In Wild Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) From Chesapeake Bay, Usa, D. T. Gauthier, R. J. Latour, D. M. Heisey, C. F. Bonzek, J. Gartland, E. J. Burge, W. K. Vogelbein

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The striped bass (Morone saxatilis) is an economically and ecologically important finfish species along the Atlantic seaboard of the United States. Recent stock assessments in Chesapeake Bay (USA) indicate that non-fishing mortality in striped bass has increased since 1999, concomitant with very high (>50%) prevalence of visceral and dermal disease caused by Mycobacterium spp. Current fishery assessment models do not differentiate between disease and other components of non-fishing mortality (e. g., senescence, predation); therefore, disease impact on the striped bass population has not been established. Specific measurement of mortality associated with mycobacteriosis in wild striped bass is …

Food Limitation In Larval Fish: Ontogenetic Variation In Feeding Scope And Its Potential Effect On Survival, Alexander B. Bochdansky, Peter Grønkjær, Pierre Pepin, William C. Leggett

OES Faculty Publications

We used the radiated shanny Ulvaria subbifurcataas a model species to explore the relative gut fullness from hatch to metamorphosis of wild larvae, and compared these values with those of laboratory-reared larvae fed at maximum rates. Ingestion rates of most wild larvae were above starvation levels but below the maximum feeding levels of laboratory-reared larvae. Twenty-six percent of freshly-hatched wild larvae and 11% of large, pre-settlement wild larvae had insufficient food in their stomach to satisfy metabolic requirements. These results, taken on their own, are consistent with the much hypothesized increased foraging performance and survival of larger larvae relative …

A Tribute To Peter George Brewer In Celebration Of His 65th Birthday, George T. F. Wong, Robert F. Anderson, Michael P. Bacon, Hein J. W. De Baar, James W. Murray, Mary I. Scranton

OES Faculty Publications

Peter George Brewer is an ocean chemist of the rare breed that can cross back and forth over the divide between being a front-line research scientist and being a research executive. As if that is not remarkable enough, in the process, he has also demonstrated sustained growth in the depth, breadth, and diversity of his scientific endeavors. Some of his formidable contributions to ocean chemistry have already been highlighted in a profile of him as a major mover and shaker in the field (Irion, 2001). Here, we provide additional glimpses of him from the perspective of a group of individuals …

Sublethal And Killing Effects Of Atmospheric-Pressure, Nonthermal Plasma On Eukaryotic Microalgae In Aqueous Media, Ying Zhong Tang, Xin Pei Lu, Mounir Laroussi, Fred C. Dobbs

OES Faculty Publications

In-depth studies on the interaction of nonthermal plasmas with microorganisms usually focus on bacteria; only little attention has been given to their effects on more complex eukaryotic cells. We report here nonthermal plasma's effects on cell motility, viability staining, and morphology of eukaryotic microalgae, with three marine dinoflagellates and a marine diatom as major targets. The effects on motility and viability staining depended on the time of exposure to plasma and the species of microalgae. We observed a strong pH decrease in aqueous samples (marine and freshwater algal cultures, their culture media, and deionized water) after exposure to plasma, and …

Forcing And Dynamics Of Seafloor-Water Column Exchange On A Broad Continental Shelf, William B. Savidge, Ann Gargett, Richard A. Jahnke, James R. Nelson, Dana K. Savidge, R. Timothy Short, George Voulgaris

OES Faculty Publications

Relict sediments of elevated permeability characterize the majority of continental shelves globally (Emery, 1968). In these settings, interactions between benthic boundary layer (BBL) flows and seabed topography generate pressure fluctuations that drive advective and dispersive porewater transport, dramatically increasing the magnitude and variability of porewater solute and particulate exchange across the sediment-water interface (Huettel et al., 1996; Huettel and Rusch, 2000). On broad shallow shelves with a relatively large area-to-volume ratio, the seafloor’s role is magnified. Energetic events may reorganize bedforms across a significant fraction of the shelf, leading to altered exchange dynamics that may persist long after the organizing …

Impacts Of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Material On Surface Ocean Heating In The Chukchi Sea, Victoria J. Hill

OES Faculty Publications

Recent observations show visible light attenuation in the Arctic Ocean to be greater than previously assumed. High attenuation observed during the period prior to ice melt and increased phytoplankton production, was attributed primarily to the high levels of absorption by chromophoric dissolved organic material ( CDOM) present in these waters. Preliminary evidence suggests this material is produced by ice algae in the early spring. Optical data from the Chukchi shelf system collected in the spring and summer of 2002, were used to model energy absorption in the mixed layer by both dissolved and particulate material. In the spring, absorption by …

Radiocarbon Evidence For The Importance Of Surface Vegetation On Fermentation And Methanogenesis In Contrasting Types Of Boreal Peatlands, J. P. Chanton, P. H. Glaser, L. S. Chasar, David J. Burdige, M. E. Hines, D. I. Seigel, L. B. Tremblay, W. T. Cooper

OES Faculty Publications

We found a consistent distribution pattern for radiocarbon in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and methane replicated across spatial and temporal scales in northern peatlands from Minnesota to Alaska. The ¹⁴C content of DOC is relatively modern throughout the peat column, to depths of 3 m. In sedge-dominated peatlands, the ¹⁴C contents of the products of respiration, CH₄ and DIC, are essentially the same and are similar to that of DOC. In Sphagnum- and woody plant-dominated peatlands with few sedges, however, the respiration products are similar but intermediate between the ¹⁴C contents of …

Co2 Sensitivity Of Southern Ocean Phytoplankton, Philippe D. Tortell, Christopher D. Payne, Yingyu Li, Scarlett Trimborn, Bjorn Rost, Walker O. Smith, Christina Riesselman, Robert B. Dunbar, Peter Sedwick, Giacomo R. Ditullio

OES Faculty Publications

The Southern Ocean exerts a strong impact on marine biogeochemical cycles and global air-sea CO₂ fluxes. Over the coming century, large increases in surface ocean CO₂ levels, combined with increased upper water column temps. and stratification, are expected to diminish Southern Ocean CO₂ uptake. These effects could be significantly modulated by concomitant CO₂-dependent changes in the region's biol. carbon pump. Here we show that CO₂ concentrations affect the physiology, growth and species composition. of phytoplankton assemblages in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Field results from in situ sampling and ship-board incubation experiments demonstrate that inorganic …