Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Historical Ozone Isopleths For Salt Lake Valley, Ut, Usa, Callum Flowerday, Isaac Sudweeks, Brad Adams, Jaron C. Hansen

ScholarsArchive Data

EPA quality assured data, collected by the Utah Division of Air Quality, was used for this analysis.

Historical Analysis Of Urban Dust Generated By The Great Salt Lake Playa, Callum Flowerday, Jaron C. Hansen, Rebekah Stanley, Kaitlyn Brewster

ScholarsArchive Data

Historical PM10 filters, provided by the Utah Division of Air Quality, were analyzed for elemental composition of various metals. This was done using ICP-MS.

Also included, EPA PM10 historical data and bathymetry data provided by the Utah USGS.

Pisa Printing Microneedles With Controllable Aqueous Dissolution Kinetics, Aaron Priester, Jimmy Yeng, Yuwei Zhang, Krista Hilmas, Risheng Wang, Anthony J. Convertine

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study focused on the development of high-resolution polymeric structures using polymer-induced self-assembly (PISA) printing with commercially available digital light-processing (DLP) printers. Significantly, soluble solids could be 3D-printed using this methodology with controllable aqueous dissolution rates. This was achieved using a highly branched macrochain transfer agent (macro-CTA) containing multiple covalently attached CTA groups. In this work, the use of acrylamide as the self-assembling monomer in isopropyl alcohol was explored with the addition of N-(butoxymethyl)acrylamide to modulate the aqueous dissolution kinetics. PISA-printed microneedles were observed to have feature sizes as small as 27 μm, which was close to the resolution limit …

Determining The Surface PKA Of Perfluorooctanoic Acid, Lila J. Musegades, Owen P. Curtin, Jenée D. Cyran

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an environmentally prevalent and persistent organic pollutant with toxic and bioaccumulative properties. Despite the known importance of perfluorinated pollutants in the global environment, molecular-level details of the physicochemical behavior of PFOA on aqueous interfaces remain poorly understood. Here, we utilized two surface-specific techniques, vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) and surface tensiometry, to investigate the pH-induced structural changes of PFOA and octanoic acid (OA) and determined the apparent pK_a at the air–water surface. The SFG spectra and surface activity model were investigated over a wide range of pHs. With the surface tension measurements, the …

Unimer Suppression Enables Supersaturated Homopolymer Swollen Micelles With Long-Term Stability After Glassy Entrapment, Eric R. Williams, Christian X. Ruff, Morgan Stefik

Faculty Publications

Micelle sizes are critical for a range of applications where the simple ability to adjust and lock in specific stable sizes has remained largely elusive. While micelle swelling agents are well-known, their dynamic re-equilibration in solution implies limited stability. Here, a non-equilibrium processing sequence is studied where supersaturated homopolymer swelling is combined with glassy-core (“persistent”) micelles. This path-dependent process was found to sensitively depend on unimer concentration as revealed by DLS, SAXS, and TEM analysis. Here, lower-selectivity solvent combinations led to the formation of unimer-homopolymer aggregates and eventual precipitation, reminiscent of anomalous micellization. In contrast, higher-selectivity solvents enabled supersaturated homopolymer …

Analyzing The Ramifications Of Climate Change On Mental Health, Salvatore A. Medori

CAFE Symposium 2024

When thinking about the vast array of impacts that the climate crisis has on humanity, there are many things that come to mind, but mental health impacts are likely not one of them. Even though research demonstrates that mental effects from any form of disaster far exceed the physical health implications mental health impacts of the largest disaster facing humanity since the Second World War are rarely considered at all, let alone when solutions are being created. This has led to a hidden crisis emerging underneath an even larger crisis, with serious consequences for most individuals across the globe. The …

There Is Life On Mars, Colin M. Johnston, Olivier B. Cohen

CAFE Symposium 2024

An extensive research project that involved the research of multiple major experiments and discoveries about possible life on the planet Mars. Facts, Data, conspiracies and theories have all been taken into account and provided in this project.

Silver Bow Creek Butte Area Npl Site Fall Semi-Annual 2023 Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Interim Site-Wide Groundwater Monitoring Data Report. Consent Decree- Civil Action No. Cv 89-039-Bu-She, Josh Bryson

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Extraterrestrial Life: The Possibility Of A Human-Alien Interaction, Ariana M. Piscoya

CAFE Symposium 2024

We all have heard of at least one case where someone assured having seen a flying extraterrestrial object. There are thousands of thousands of videos we can find online that “prove” the existence of aliens. In the hypothetical case where aliens are really out there, why haven't we been able to talk to them and look at them face-to-face? A human-extraterrestrial interaction has not yet been achieved for two reasons. First, alien energy is much more powerful than that of humans, so it would require thousands of thousands of years for the human race to develop a technology able to …

Cybernetics: How It Compares To Science-Fiction And Future Possibilities, Anindo Majumder

CAFE Symposium 2024

Cybernetics is a branch of science that studies how information is communicated in machines and electronic equipment compared to how information is communicated in the brain and nervous system. It also relates to the theory of automatic control and physiology, particularly the physiology of the nervous system. Usage of cybernetics is very popular in various science-fiction medium. This naturally leads one to be curious if its depictions might turn into reality one day. This research paper delves into the growth of cybernetics since its inception, current applications of cybernetics, and what the future might hold.

Emergent Ai, Jillian A. Bick

CAFE Symposium 2024

For many years, artificial intelligence (AI) was considered to be limited in its abilities due to being confined to a pre-defined set of data. Currently, however, AI models have grown in complexity and size, leading to some previously impossible behaviors. These behaviors, known as "emergent AI behaviors," are unpredictable and not pre-programmed. Their existence suggests that AI is expanding in adaptability and may one day rival human intelligence. Media often portrays AI as having emotions and having the ability to operate autonomously, but what behaviors are AI really capable of?

Action Plan: Gym Cleanliness At The Jaeger Center, Blair A. O'Connor

CAFE Symposium 2024

I have created an action plan to assess current patrons' satisfaction with the cleaning materials provided at the Gettysburg College Jaeger Center, and increase the amount or variety if the need is there. Due to a combination of behaviors and bacteria in the Jaeger Center, gym users are at risk of contracting infections. The objective of this plan is for gym users to feel more empowered and safe in their environment. While there may be individuals who feel like increased disinfecting efforts and supplies are not necessary at the Jaeger Center, what may not be a concern for one person …

Deep Neural Network-Oriented Indicator Method For Inverse Scattering Problems Using Partial Data, Yule Lin, Xiaoyi Yan, Jiguang Sun, Juan Liu

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2

We consider the inverse scattering problem to reconstruct an obstacle using partial far-field data due to one incident wave. A simple indicator function, which is negative inside the obstacle and positive outside of it, is constructed and then learned using a deep neural network (DNN). The method is easy to implement and effective as demonstrated by numerical examples. Rather than developing sophisticated network structures for the classical inverse operators, we reformulate the inverse problem as a suitable operator such that standard DNNs can learn it well. The idea of the DNN-oriented indicator method can be generalized to treat other partial …

Axion-Polaritons In Quark Stars: A Possible Solution To The Missing Pulsar Problem, Efrain J. Ferrer, Vivian De La Incera

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper proposes an alternative mechanism to solve the so-called missing pulsar problem, a standing paradox between the theoretical expectations about the number of pulsars that should exist in the galaxy center of the Milky Way and their absence in the observations. The mechanism is based on the transformation of incident γ rays into hybridized modes, known as axion-polaritons, which can exist inside highly magnetized quark stars with a quark matter phase known as the magnetic dual chiral density wave phase. This phase, which is favored over several other dense matter phases candidates at densities a few times nuclear saturation …

Residential Metals Abatement Program Investigation Summary Report (Non-Residential Parcels – Indoor Dust) - Small World Daycare, Environmental Resource Management (Erm)

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Deep Structure Of Siletzia In The Puget Lowland: Imaging An Obducted Plateau And Accretionary Thrust Belt With Potential Fields, Megan L. Anderson, Richard J. Blakely, Ray E. Wells, Joe D. Dragovich

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Detailed understanding of crustal components and tectonic history of forearcs is important due to their geological complexity and high seismic hazard. The principal component of the Cascadia forearc is Siletzia, a composite basaltic terrane of oceanic origin. Much is known about the lithology and age of the province. However, glacial sediments blanketing the Puget Lowland obscure its lateral extent and internal structure, hindering our ability to fully understand its tectonic history and its influence on modern deformation. In this study, we apply map-view interpretation and two-dimensional modeling of aeromagnetic and gravity data to the magnetically stratified Siletzia terrane revealing its …

Beyond Standard Model: Axial Electric Potentials Of Quarks And Neutrinos, Polievkt Perov

College of Arts & Sciences Faculty Works

The equations of axial electric potentials are presented for our models of quarks and neutrinos as spinning composite structures where up to 3 basic elementary charges are on the axis or rotation and the other N charges are revolving about the axis. The axial potential functions at given point on the axis of rotation were calculated as the sum of electric potentials at that point from all the charges in the structure. We applied these general equations specifically to the models of two types of neutral particles (neutrinos), one with 2 like charges on the axis and the other with …

A Reliable Diabetic Retinopathy Grading Via Transfer Learning And Ensemble Learning With Quadratic Weighted Kappa Metric, Sai Venkatesh Chilukoti, Liqun Shan, Vijay Srinivas Tida, Anthony S. Maida, Xiali Hei

Computer Science Faculty Publications

The most common eye infection in people with diabetes is diabetic retinopathy (DR). It might cause blurred vision or even total blindness. Therefore, it is essential to promote early detection to prevent or alleviate the impact of DR. However, due to the possibility that symptoms may not be noticeable in the early stages of DR, it is difficult for doctors to identify them. Therefore, numerous predictive models based on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have been developed to determine all stages of DR. However, existing DR classification models cannot classify every DR stage or use a computationally heavy …

Residential Metals Abatement Program Investigation Summary Report (Non-Residential Parcels – Indoor Dust) - Small World Daycare, Environmental Resource Management (Erm)

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Residential Metals Abatement Program Investigation Summary Report (Non- Residential Parcels – Indoor Dust) Small World Daycare, Environmental Resource Management (Erm)

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Sulfate Enhances The Adsorption And Retention Of Cu(Ii) And Zn(Ii) To Dispersed And Aggregated Iron Oxyhydroxide Nanoparticles, Emma M. Kocik, Abigail Kim, Miranda L. Aiken, Lauren Smith, Christopher S. Kim

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

The adsorption and retention of metal ions to nanoscale iron (hydr)oxides in aqueous systems is significantly influenced by prevailing environmental conditions. We examined the influence of sulfate, the second most common anion in seawater that is present in many other natural aquatic systems, on the adsorption and retention of Cu(II) and Zn(II) to synthetic iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) and their aggregates. Batch uptake experiments with monodisperse NPs and NPs aggregated by changes in pH, ionic strength, and temperature were conducted over sulfate concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.30 M. The introduction of 0.03 M sulfate significantly increased the initial adsorption …

Residential Metals Abatement Program Investigation Summary Report (Non-Residential Parcels – Indoor Dust) - Gold Hill Lutheran Church (Creativity Factory Preschool), Environmental Resource Management (Erm)

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Final 2024 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Whitehall Borrow Submittal #2, Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Computational Study Of Binding Of Oseltamivir To Neuraminidase Mutants Of Influenza A Virus, Muhammad Arba, Sri Wahyuli, Setyanto Tri Wahyudi, Amir Karton, Chun Wu

Faculty Scholarship for the College of Science & Mathematics

Oseltamivir (OTV), which targets the neuraminidase (NA) of Influenza A virus (IAV), has been reported to develop resistance. Here, we performed a computational study on the binding modes of OTV in the wild-type and popular mutants of IAV NA (E119A, E119D, E119G, H274Y, I117T, I117V, I117V-E119A, K150N, N294S, R292K, V116A, and Y252H). The Arg118, Glu119, Asp151, Arg152, Glu276, Arg292, and Arg371 were identified as crucial interacting residues with the drug. The energy decomposition analysis showed that with few exceptions, the dispersion interaction is the dominant interaction, followed by the charge-transfer and polarization interactions. The affinities for OTV were greatly reduced …

Two-Photon Absorption And Fluorescence Of Cadmium Sulfide, Jacob Goranson, Gregory J. Taft

Physics Faculty Publications

The two-photon absorption and fluorescence of bulk cadmium sulfide were studied using 50-fs, 800-nm pulses from an unamplified Ti:sapphire laser. The fluorescence spectrum was measured to have a main peak at 522 nm, and the power of the fluorescence was shown to vary quadratically with the 800-nm beam power. This supports the theory that the fluorescence is excited by two-photon absorption and confirms previous work done with longer duration, higher energy excitation pulses. Pump-probe measurements provided additional confirmation of the two-photon absorption. Measured spectral broadening of the wings of the laser spectrum also was observed, which likely is due to …

Unusual Catalytic Strategy By Non-Heme Fe(Ii)/2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Aspartyl Hydroxylase Asph, Anandhu Krishnan, Sodiq Waheed, Ann Varghese, Fathima Hameed Cherilakkudy, Christopher J. Schofield, Tatyana G. Karabencheva-Christova

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2

Biocatalytic C-H oxidation reactions are of important synthetic utility, provide a sustainable route for selective synthesis of important organic molecules, and are an integral part of fundamental cell processes. The multidomain non-heme Fe(ii)/2-oxoglutarate (2OG) dependent oxygenase AspH catalyzes stereoselective (3R)-hydroxylation of aspartyl- and asparaginyl-residues. Unusually, compared to other 2OG hydroxylases, crystallography has shown that AspH lacks the carboxylate residue of the characteristic two-His-one-Asp/Glu Fe-binding triad. Instead, AspH has a water molecule that coordinates Fe(ii) in the coordination position usually occupied by the Asp/Glu carboxylate. Molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) studies reveal that the iron coordinating water is …

Maximizing Charge Dynamics In Znin2s4/Cn Van Der Waals Heterojunction For Optimal Hydrogen Production From Photoreforming Of Glucose, Jinqiang Zhang, Xinyuan Xu, Lei Shi, Huayang Zhang, Shaobin Wang, Hongqi Sun

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Biomass photoreforming stands out as a promising avenue for green hydrogen, leveraging solar energy for the generation and transformation of clean and renewable energy resources. The pursuit of efficient photocatalysts is motivated by the unsatisfied hydrogen evolution performance arising from the complex and stubborn structure of biomass. Herein, we loaded 2-dimensional (2D) ZnIn2S4 onto 2D carbon nitride nanosheets, resulting in the formation of Van der Waals (VDW) heterojunctions (ZIS/CN). Band structure and morphology of CN were rationally tailored through precursor engineering to effectively magnify interfacial internal electric field and minimize diffusion pathway within the VDW heterostructure, realizing optimal charge dynamics …

Emoji Use In Social Media Posts: Relationships With Personality Traits And Word Usage, Shelia Kennison, Kameryn Fritz, Maria Andrea Hurtado Morales, Eric Chan-Tin

Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Prior research has demonstrated relationships between personality traits of social media users and the language used in their posts. Few studies have examined whether there are relationships between personality traits of users and how they use emojis in their social media posts. Emojis are digital pictographs used to express ideas and emotions. There are thousands of emojis, which depict faces with expressions, objects, animals, and activities. We conducted a study with two samples (n = 76 and n = 245) in which we examined how emoji use on X (formerly Twitter) related to users’ personality traits and language use …

Protein And Polysaccharide-Based Optical Materials For Biomedical Applications., Gianna Riviello, Brendan Connor, Jake Mcbrearty, Gianna Rodriguez, Xiao Hu

Faculty Scholarship for the College of Science & Mathematics

Recent advances in biomedical research, particularly in optical applications, have sparked a transformative movement towards replacing synthetic polymers with more biocompatible and sustainable alternatives. Most often made from plastics or glass, these materials ignite immune responses from the body, and their production is based on environmentally harsh oil-based processes. Biopolymers, including both polysaccharides and proteins, have emerged as a potential candidate for optical biomaterials due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustainability, derived from their existence in nature and being recognized by the immune system. Current extraction and fabrication methods for these biomaterials, including thermal drawing, extrusion and printing, mold …

Blood Cell Image Segmentation And Classification: A Systematic Review, Muhammad Shahzad, Farman Ali, Syed Hamad Shirazi, Assad Rasheed, Awais Ahmad, Babar Shah, Daehan Kwak

All Works

Background Blood diseases such as leukemia, anemia, lymphoma, and thalassemia are hematological disorders that relate to abnormalities in the morphology and concentration of blood elements, specifically white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC). Accurate and efficient diagnosis of these conditions significantly depends on the expertise of hematologists and pathologists. To assist the pathologist in the diagnostic process, there has been growing interest in utilizing computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) techniques, particularly those using medical image processing and machine learning algorithms. Previous surveys in this domain have been narrowly focused, often only addressing specific areas like segmentation or classification but lacking …