Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Uncover: Jwst Spectroscopy Of Three Cold Brown Dwarfs At Kiloparsec-Scale Distances, Sam E. Cutler, Et. Al.

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

We report JWST/NIRSpec spectra of three distant T-type brown dwarfs identified in the Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) survey of the Abell 2744 lensing field. One source was previously reported as a candidate T dwarf on the basis of NIRCam photometry, while two sources were initially identified as candidate active galactic nuclei. Low-resolution 1–5 μm spectra confirm the presence of molecular features consistent with T dwarf atmospheres, and comparison to spectral standards infers classifications of sdT1, T6, and T8–T9. The warmest source, UNCOVER-BD-1, shows evidence of subsolar metallicity, and atmosphere model fits indicate …

X-Ray Detection Of The Most Extreme Star-Forming Galaxies At The Cosmic Noon Via Strong Lensing, Q Daniel Wang, Carlos Garcia Diaz, Min S. Yun, Et. Al.

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

Hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs) are the most extreme star-forming systems observed in the early Universe, and their properties still elude comprehensive understanding. We have undertaken a large XMM–Newton observing programme to probe the total accreting black hole population in three HyLIRGs at z = 2.12, 3.25, and 3.55, gravitationally lensed by foreground galaxies. Selected from the Planck All-Sky Survey to Analyse Gravitationally lensed Extreme Starbursts (PASSAGES), these HyLIRGs have apparent infrared luminosities >1014 L_⊙. Our observations revealed X-ray emission in each of them. PJ1336+49 appears to be dominated by high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs). Remarkably, the luminosity …

Alma-Legus. Ii. The Influence Of Subgalactic Environments On Molecular Cloud Properties, Daniela Calzetti, Et. Al.

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

We compare the molecular cloud properties in subgalactic regions of two galaxies, barred spiral NGC 1313, which is forming many massive clusters, and flocculent spiral NGC 7793, which is forming significantly fewer massive clusters despite having a similar star formation rate to NGC 1313. We find that there are larger variations in cloud properties between different regions within each galaxy than there are between the galaxies on a global scale, especially for NGC 1313. There are higher masses, line widths, pressures, and virial parameters in the arms of NGC 1313 and the center of NGC 7793 than in the interarm …

Uncover Spectroscopy Confirms The Surprising Ubiquity Of Active Galactic Nuclei In Red Sources At Z > 5, Sam E. Cutler, John R. Weaver, Katherine E. Whitaker, Et. Al.

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

The James Webb Space Telescope is revealing a new population of dust-reddened broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGN) at redshifts z ≳ 5. Here we present deep NIRSpec/Prism spectroscopy from the Cycle 1 Treasury program Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam ObserVations before the Epoch of Reionization (UNCOVER) of 15 AGN candidates selected to be compact, with red continua in the rest-frame optical but with blue slopes in the UV. From NIRCam photometry alone, they could have been dominated by dusty star formation or an AGN. Here we show that the majority of the compact red sources in UNCOVER are dust-reddened AGN: 60% …

2023 Sustainability Report, Madeline Rawson

Sustainability Reports & Plans

Based on the Association for Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education's (AASHE) Sustainability Tracking, Assessment, and Rating System (STARS) Report (Rated Gold) published February 17, 2023, this report breaks sustainability down into twelve categories and articulates recommended next steps for each topic. Along with these detailed recommendations, there are three overarching steps that UMass Amherst can take to advance sustainability on campus quickly and efficiently. This report was designed and written by Madeline Rawson at GreenerU.

Climate Change And Modern Education: Preparing For A Sustainable Future, Poulomi Chakravarty, Sai Gattupalli, Stephen Mcginty

College of Education Student Publication Series

Climate change is a global phenomenon that has attracted widespread attention in recent decades due to its profound impact on the environment and society. Although climate change is a phenomenon occurring since the inception of Earth, anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel consumption due to industrialization, transportation and domestic usage, deforestation and land use changes due to urbanization have accelerated the process. Climate education has become an important part of modern education as it helps raise awareness of the issue and promote behavior of climate consciousness which leads to climate action in a positive direction. The authors highlight the values …

A Very Small Pond: Discovery Systems That Can Be Used With Folio In Academic Libraries, Jaime Taylor, Aaron Neslin

University Libraries Presentations Series

FOLIO, an open source library services platform, does not have a front end patron interface for searching and using library materials. Any library installing FOLIO will need at least one other software to perform those functions. This article evaluates which systems, in a limited marketplace, are available for academic libraries to use with FOLIO.

Nens, Jaime Taylor

University Libraries Presentations Series

NENS (non-student non-employee) are a group of designations for people who are somehow connected to UMass, but who are neither students nor employees. A person’s NENS designation determines what they have access to at UMass, including at the Libraries.

Enabling An Equitable Energy Transition Through Inclusive Research, Michael Ash, Erin Baker, Mark Tuominen, Dhandapani Venkataraman, Matthew Burke, S. Castellanos, M. Cha, Gabe Chan, D. Djokic, J.C. Ford, Anna P. Goldstein, David Hsu, Matt Lacker, C. Miller, D. Nock, A.P. Ravikumar, Allison Bates, Anna Stefanopoulou, E Grubert, D.M Kammen, M. Pastor, S.Z, Attari, S. Carley, D.L Clark, D. Dean-Ryan, U. Kosar, Kerry Bowie, Tina Johnson

ETI Publications

Comprehensive and meaningful inclusion of marginalized communities within the research enterprise will be critical to ensuring an equitable, technology-informed, clean energy transition. We provide five key action items for government agencies and philanthropic institutions to operationalize the commitment to an equitable energy transition.

Environmental Justice And Carbon Pricing: Can They Be Reconciled?, James K. Boyce, Michael Ash, Brent Ranalli

ETI Publications

Carbon pricing has been criticized by environmental justice advocates on the grounds that it fails to reduce emissions significantly, fails to reduce the disproportionate impacts of hazardous co-pollutants on people of color and low-income communities, hits low-income households harder than wealthier households, and commodifies nature. Designing carbon pricing policy to address these concerns can yield outcomes that are both more effective and more equitable.

Vibrio Cholerae In Rural And Urban Bangladesh, Findings From Hospital-Based Surveillance, 2000–2021, Rina Das, Sabiha Nasrin, Parag Palit, Rukaeya Amin Sobi, Al-Afroza Sultana, Soroar Hossain Khan, Md. Ahshanul Haque, Sharika Nuzhat, Tahmeed Ahmed, A. S. G. Faruque, Mohammod Jobayer Chisti

Biostatistics and Epidemiology Faculty Publications Series

With more than 100,000 cases estimated each year, Bangladesh is one of the countries with the highest number of people at risk for cholera. Moreover, Bangladesh is formulating a countrywide cholera-control plan to satisfy the GTFCC (The Global Task Force on Cholera Control) Roadmap's goals. With a particular focus on cholera trends, variance in baseline and clinical characteristics of cholera cases, and trends in antibiotic susceptibility among clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae, we used data from facility-based surveillance systems from icddr,b’s Dhaka, and Matlab Hospitals from years 2000 to 2021. Female patients comprised 3,553 (43%) in urban and 1,099 (51.6%) …

Hsc-Clauds Survey: The Star Formation Rate Functions Since Z  ∼  2 And Comparison With Hydrodynamical Simulations, V. Picouet, S. Arnouts, E. Le Floc'h, T. Mountard, K. Kraljic, O. Illbert, M. Sawicki, G. Desprez, C. Laigle, D. Schiminovich, S. De La Torre, S. Gwyn, H. J. Mccracken, Y. Dobois, R. Davé, S. Toft, J. R. Weaver, M. Shuntov, O. B. Kauffmann

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

Context. Star formation rate functions (SFRFs) give an instantaneous view of the distribution of star formation rates (SFRs) in galaxies at different epochs. They are a complementary and more stringent test for models than the galaxy stellar mass function, which gives an integrated view of the past star formation activity. However, the exploration of SFRFs has been limited thus far due to difficulties in assessing the SFR from observed quantities and probing the SFRF over a wide range of SFRs.

Aims. We overcome these limitations thanks to an original method that predicts the infrared luminosity from the rest-frame UV/optical color …

Rapid Quenching Of Galaxies At Cosmic Noon, Minjung Park, Sirio Belli, Charlie Conroy, Sandro Tacchella, Joel Leja, Sam E. Cutler, Benjamin D. Johnson, Erica J. Nelson, Razieh Emami

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

The existence of massive quiescent galaxies at high redshift seems to require rapid quenching, but it is unclear whether all quiescent galaxies have gone through this phase and what physical mechanisms are involved. To study rapid quenching, we use rest-frame colors to select 12 young quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 1.5. From spectral energy distribution fitting, we find that they all experienced intense starbursts prior to rapid quenching. We confirm this with deep Magellan/FIRE spectroscopic observations for a subset of seven galaxies. Broad emission lines are detected for two galaxies, and are most likely caused by active galactic nucleus (AGN) …

A Milky Way-Like Barred Spiral Galaxy At A Redshift Of 3, Yingjie Cheng, Mauro Giavalisco, Et. Al.

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

The majority of massive disk galaxies in the local Universe show a stellar barred structure in their central regions, including our Milky Way. Bars are supposed to develop in dynamically cold stellar disks at low redshift, as the strong gas turbulence typical of disk galaxies at high redshift suppresses or delays bar formation. Moreover, simulations predict bars to be almost absent beyond z = 1.5 in the progenitors of Milky Way-like galaxies. Here we report observations of ceers-2112, a barred spiral galaxy at redshift zphot ≈ 3, which was already mature when the Universe was only 2 Gyr old. The …

“Trash Talk” - Rethinking The Notion Of Waste, Shivaangi Salhotra

Student Showcase

In the twenty-first century, waste has become a ubiquitous problem. Images of things like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch have ceased to become jarring, and pictures of overflowing landfills and statistics about plastic in the ocean have become so commonplace that they are “memed”. Yet despite increasing awareness and changes in policy, global waste production and its deleterious effects continue to rise. Dominant narratives surrounding waste tend to focus on how individuals can properly dispose of their waste, which, while certainly important, is not the full story. It doesn't question why we produce so much waste in the first place, …

Dynamical Hotness, Star Formation Quenching, And Growth Of Supermassive Black Holes, Hui Hong, Huiyuan Wang, H. J. Mo, Ziwen Zhang, Guangwen Chen, Wentao Luo, Tinggui Wang, Pengfei Li, Yao Yao, Aoxiang Jiang

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

A stellar system is dynamically hot when its kinetic energy is dominated by random motion represented by the velocity dispersion σhot. We use MaNGA data to obtain the inner and outer dispersion of a galaxy, σin and σout, to characterize its dynamical status and study its connection with star formation quenching and the growth of its supermassive black hole (SMBH). We divide galaxies into fully quenched (FQGs), partially quenched (PQGs), and fully star-forming (FSGs) populations, and identify quenched central cores (QCCs) in PQGs. The galaxy distribution in (σin/σhot)–(σout/σhot) diagram …

Introducing The Texas Euclid Survey For Lyα (Tesla) Survey: Initial Study Correlating Galaxy Properties To Lyα Emission, John R. Weaver, Et. Al.

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

We present the Texas Euclid Survey for Lyα (TESLA), a spectroscopic survey in the 10 deg2 of the Euclid North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) field. Using TESLA, we study how the physical properties of Lyα emitters (LAEs) correlate with Lyα emission to understand the escape of Lyα emission from galaxies at redshifts of 2–3.5. We present an analysis of 43 LAEs performed in the NEP field using early data from the TESLA survey. We use Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging in the grizy bands, Spitzer/IRAC channels 1 and 2 from the Hawaii 20 deg2 (H20) survey, and spectra …

The Jwst Pearls View Of The El Gordo Galaxy Cluster And Of The Structure It Magnifies, Carlos Diaz, Daniel Wang, Et. Al.

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

The massive galaxy cluster El Gordo (z = 0.87) imprints multitudes of gravitationally lensed arcs onto James Webb Space Telescope Near-Infrared Camera (NIRCam) images. Eight bands of NIRCam imaging were obtained in the "Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science" ("PEARLS") program. Point-spread function–matched photometry across Hubble Space Telescope and NIRCam filters supplies new photometric redshifts. A new light-traces-mass lens model based on 56 image multiplicities identifies the two mass peaks and yields a mass estimate within 500 kpc of (7.0 ± 0.30) × 1014M⊙. A search for substructure in the 140 cluster members with spectroscopic …

Near-Infrared Emission Line Diagnostics For Agn From The Local Universe To Z ∼ 3*, Mauro Giavalisco, Et. Al.

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

Optical rest-frame spectroscopic diagnostics are usually employed to distinguish between star formation and active galactic nucleus (AGN) powered emission. However, this method is biased against dusty sources, hampering a complete census of the AGN population across cosmic epochs. To mitigate this effect, it is crucial to observe at longer wavelengths in the rest-frame near-infrared (near-IR), which is less affected by dust attenuation and can thus provide a better description of the intrinsic properties of galaxies. AGN diagnostics in this regime have not been fully exploited so far, due to the scarcity of near-IR observations of both AGN and star-forming galaxies, …

Uncover: Illuminating The Early Universe—Jwst/Nirspec Confirmation Of Z > 12 Galaxies, Sam E. Cutler, John R. Weaver, Katherine E. Whitaker, Et. Al.

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

Observations of high-redshift galaxies provide a critical direct test to the theories of early galaxy formation, yet to date, only three have been spectroscopically confirmed at z > 12. Due to strong gravitational lensing over a wide area, the galaxy cluster field A2744 is ideal for searching for the earliest galaxies. Here we present JWST/NIRSpec observations of two galaxies: a robust detection at zspec 12.393 0.001 0.004 = - + , and a plausible candidate at zspec 13.079 0.001 0.013 = - + . The galaxies are discovered in JWST/NIRCam imaging and their distances are inferred with JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy, all from …

Unveiling The Nature Of Infrared Bright, Optically Dark Galaxies With Early Jwst Data, L Barrufet, P A. Oesch, A Weibel, G Brammer, R Bezanson, R Bouwens, Y Fudamoto, V Gonzalez, R Gottumkkala, G Illingworth, K E. Heintz, B Holden, I Labbe, D Magee, R P. Naidu, E Nelson, M Stefanon, R Smit, P Van Dokkum, J R. Weaver, C C. Williams

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

Over the last few years, both Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and Spitzer observations have revealed a population of likely massive galaxies at z > 3 that was too faint to be detected inHubble Space Telescope(HST) rest-frame ultraviolet imaging. However, due to the very limited photometry for individual galaxies, the true nature of these so-called HST-dark galaxies has remained elusive. Here, we present the first sample of such galaxies observed with very deep, high-resolution NIRCam imaging from the Early Release Science programme CEERS. 30 HST-dark sources are selected based on their red colours across 1.6–4.4 …

An Xmm-Newton View Of The Andromeda Galaxy As Explored In A Legacy Survey (New-Angels). I. The X-Ray Source Catalog, Q. Daniel Wang, Et. Al.

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

We introduce the New-ANGELS program, an XMM-Newton survey of a ∼7.2 deg2 area around M31, which aims to study the X-ray populations in the M31 disk and the X-ray-emitting hot gas in the inner halo of M31 up to 30 kpc. In this first paper, we report the catalog of 4506 detected X-ray sources and attempt to cross-identify or roughly classify them. We identify 352 single stars in the foreground, 35 globular clusters, and 27 supernova remnants associated with M31, as well as 62 active galactic nuclei, 59 galaxies, and one galaxy cluster in the background. We uniquely classify 236 …

Universal Upper End Of The Stellar Initial Mass Function In The Young And Compact Legus Clusters, Dooseok Escher Jung, Daniela Calzetti, Matteo Messa, Mark Heyer, Mattia Sirressi, Sean T. Linden, Et. Al.

Astronomy Department Faculty Publication Series

We investigate the variation in the upper end of the stellar initial mass function (uIMF) in 375 young and compact star clusters in five nearby galaxies within ∼5 Mpc. All the young stellar clusters (YSCs) in the sample have ages ≲ 4 Myr and masses above 500 M⊙, according to standard stellar models. The YSC catalogs were produced from Hubble Space Telescope images obtained as part of the Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey (LEGUS) Hubble treasury program. They are used here to test whether the uIMF is universal or changes as a function of the cluster's stellar mass. We perform …

Using A Novel Biologging Approach To Assess How Different Handling Practices Influence The Post-Release Behaviour Of Northern Pike Across A Wide Range Of Body Sizes, Luc Larochelle, Declan Burton, Jamie C. Madden, Sascha Clark Danylchuk, Steven J. Cooke, Andy J. Danylchuk

Environmental Conservation Faculty Publication Series

There is a growing body of research focused on how angled fish respond to catch-and-release (C&R). However, most of those studies do not span a wide range of body sizes for the targeted species. Physical injury and physiological responses to C&R can be size-dependent, and methods used for landing fish of different sizes vary. As such, studying the response to C&R across a range of fish sizes may help inform best practices that improve outcomes for released fish. Northern Pike (Esox lucius) widely ranges in body size. Anglers may land them by hand, cradle, or net, and they …

Pest Control Services On Farms Vary Among Bird Species On Diversified, Low-Intensity Farms, Samuel J. Mayne, David I. King, Jeremy C. Andersen, Joseph S. Elkinton

Environmental Conservation Faculty Publication Series

Avian species provide pest control services in some agricultural systems, which may incentivize farmers to conserve natural habitats for native biodiversity. A critical component of this equation, however, is verifying that avian species are consuming potential pest species in the agricultural ecosystems. We used a DNA metabarcoding approach to determine the frequency of pest presence in songbird fecal samples collected from birds caught on diversified, low-intensity farms in New England, USA, during the bird breeding season. Twelve species of insect pest were identified in fecal samples, and across all songbird species 12.6% of samples included DNA from at least …

Habitat Associations Of Golden-Winged Warblers And Blue-Winged Warblers During The Non-Breeding Season, David I. King, Michael E. Akresh, David A. Murillo, Ruth E. Bennett, Richard B. Chandler

Environmental Conservation Faculty Publication Series

The Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chyrsoptera) and Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora cyanoptera) are both Neotropical migratory species of elevated conservation concern that overlap in distribution on their Central American wintering grounds, yet the extent to which they overlap in terms of habitat use is unknown, potentially hindering conservation efforts. We surveyed these two species along habitat and elevational gradients within a coffee-growing landscape during 2016 and 2017 in Yoro, Honduras. We used playback with a mobbing track known to enhance detections of female warblers, since examining sexual habitat segregation was another objective of our study. Habitat occupied by …

Dosel Abierto Integrado (Dai) En Cultivos De Café Coffea Arabica Como Herramienta De Conservación De Aves Migratorias Neártico-Neotropicales Y Aves Residentes En Yoro, Honduras, David Alexander Murillo, Dario Arnaldo Alvarado, Fabiola Vásquez, Caz Taylor, David King

Environmental Conservation Faculty Publication Series

Honduras cuenta con 349,510 hectáreas cultivadas con café Coffea arabica, que son en su mayoría cultivos tradicionales (café sombra y café sol), y en menor escala cultivos con sistema Dosel Abierto Integrado (DAI). El sistema de café DAI consiste en plantaciones de café rodeadas por bosque en una proporción ≥ 1:1, lo que permite la preservación y la restauración de ecosistemas nativos. El objetivo de nuestra investigación fue evaluar el sistema DAI en cultivos de café como una alternativa de conservación para las aves migratorias neártico-neotropicales y aves residentes. Evaluamos características ecológicas, como la riqueza y abundancia de especies, …

Condition And Postrelease Mortality Of Angled Northern Pike Temporarily Retained On Stringers, Jamie C. Madden, Luc Larochelle, Declan Burton, Andy J. Danylchuk, Sean J. Landsman, Steven J. Cooke

Environmental Conservation Faculty Publication Series

Anglers typically use stringers to keep fish intended for harvest from spoiling or for high-grading purposes (i.e., culling). However, relatively few studies have examined the effects of temporary stringer retention on the physical condition and postrelease mortality of fish. In this study, our objective was to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of temporarily retaining Northern Pike Esox lucius on stringers.

Geographic And Taxonomic Variation In Adaptive Capacity Among Mountain-Dwelling Small Mammals: Implications For Conservation Status And Actions, Kelly Klingler, Et. Al.

Environmental Conservation Faculty Publication Series

Contemporary climate change is modifying the distribution, morphology, phenology, physiology, evolution, and interspecific interactions of species. Effects of climate change are mediated not only through the magnitude of change experienced (exposure) and an animal's sensitivity to such changes, but also through the ability of the population or species to adjust to climatic variability and change genetically, behaviorally, or spatially (via its distribution) (i.e., adaptive capacity; AC). Here, we used an attribute-based framework to systematically evaluate and compare the AC of American pikas (Ochotona princeps) against four other mountain-dwelling small mammals of North America to determine whether pikas …

Divergent Sensory And Immune Gene Evolution In Sea Turtles With Contrasting Demographic And Life Histories, Blair P. Bentley, Shreya M. Banerjee, Lisa M. Komoroske, Et. Al.

Environmental Conservation Faculty Publication Series

Sea turtles represent an ancient lineage of marine vertebrates that evolved from terrestrial ancestors over 100 Mya. The genomic basis of the unique physiological and ecological traits enabling these species to thrive in diverse marine habitats remains largely unknown. Additionally, many populations have drastically declined due to anthropogenic activities over the past two centuries, and their recovery is a high global conservation priority. We generated and analyzed high-quality reference genomes for the leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and green (Chelonia mydas) turtles, representing the two extant sea turtle families. These genomes are highly syntenic and homologous, but localized …