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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Effect Of Diluted Bitumen On The Survival, Physiology, And Behavior Of The Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia Guttata) And Relevance To Birds Of The Salish Sea, Elizabeth Ruberg Apr 2020

Effect Of Diluted Bitumen On The Survival, Physiology, And Behavior Of The Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia Guttata) And Relevance To Birds Of The Salish Sea, Elizabeth Ruberg

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Given the ongoing and potential increases in shipment of diluted bitumen (dilbit) out of the port of Vancouver, there is a need for toxicity data to assess the impact of catastrophic dilbit spillage on wildlife, particularly in the Salish Sea. Peer reviewed literature on dilbit toxicity is limited to teleost fish, despite the importance of coastal waters as habitat for a diverse bird fauna, including listed species. In this study we used the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) as a tractable, avian model system for preliminary studies on Cold Lake blend dilbit. Objectives were to 1) determine appropriate methods of establishing …

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Coastal Stream And Embayment Restoration Priorities Along The Bnsf Railroad: Results And Future Action, Phil Bloch Apr 2020

Coastal Stream And Embayment Restoration Priorities Along The Bnsf Railroad: Results And Future Action, Phil Bloch

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The railroad right-of-way is a prominent modification along the eastern shore of the Washington portion of the Salish Sea. It runs along 52 miles of the shoreline, while another 73 miles of railroad is within 200 feet of the shoreline. In many places, the railroad forms a barrier between the coastal watershed and the shoreline, preventing the delivery of water, sediment, wood, and organic matter to the nearshore. This results in ongoing degradation of the habitat quality of the nearshore environment, which is important habitat for juvenile Chinook salmon and other salmonids. Because nearshore restoration along the railroad is expensive …

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Effects Of Local Topography On Streamflow And Stream Temperatures In Fish-Bearing Mountainous Streams Under A Warming Climate, Ryan David Murphy Apr 2020

Effects Of Local Topography On Streamflow And Stream Temperatures In Fish-Bearing Mountainous Streams Under A Warming Climate, Ryan David Murphy

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Western Washington is home to many indigenous tribal communities that have relied on the bountiful natural resources of the region for many hundreds of years. Mountainous watersheds provide valuable fish habitat for culturally and economically important fish species, such as salmonids. Given the historically temperate weather of the Pacific Northwest that is characterized by large amounts of both rainfall and snowfall, concern has grown over the effects that a warming climate might have on freshwater fish habitat. We use the high resolution Distributed Hydrology Soil Vegetation Model (DHSVM) and coupled stream temperature River Basin Model (RBM) to examine the potential …

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Effects Of Shoreline Armoring On Physical Beach Characteristics In The Salish Sea, Wa, Hannah Drummond Apr 2020

Effects Of Shoreline Armoring On Physical Beach Characteristics In The Salish Sea, Wa, Hannah Drummond

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Increasing coastal development makes it vitally important to understand the shoreline’s response to anthropogenic modifications. We compared physical beach characteristics from adjacent sections of armored and unarmored shoreline at a variety of locations in the Salish Sea in order to assess the effects of armoring on beach morphology. Ten reaches, each a minimum of 500 meters in length, were selected from locations sampled with boat-based LiDAR collected by the Washington Department of Ecology Coastal Monitoring & Analysis Program. Cross-shore profiles were generated for each reach at 10-meter intervals alongshore. On each profile, estimates of beach slope, width, and toe elevation …

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Elliott Bay Seawall Habitat Features -- Initial Monitoring Results For Nearshore Ecosystem, Merri Martz Apr 2020

Elliott Bay Seawall Habitat Features -- Initial Monitoring Results For Nearshore Ecosystem, Merri Martz

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The City of Seattle is completing the replacement of the Elliott Bay Seawall along its downtown urban waterfront that included the installation of numerous unique features to enhance the nearshore marine shoreline for salmon migration and to improve nearshore productivity and the food web. The urbanized waterfront is constrained by numerous large piers that shade the nearshore and adjacent deep water from a historical legacy of filling in the nearshore. Key issues addressed by the project included improving natural lighting behind and under several large piers and providing an intertidal habitat corridor along the shoreline. This presentation will describe the …

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Engaging High School Juniors And Seniors At The Ocean Research College Academy As Researchers In A Two Year Study Of An Estuary In The Salish Sea, Ardi Kveven Apr 2020

Engaging High School Juniors And Seniors At The Ocean Research College Academy As Researchers In A Two Year Study Of An Estuary In The Salish Sea, Ardi Kveven

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Ocean Research College Academy, an interdisciplinary, two year program at Everett Community College, has been utilizing the Salish Sea as a classroom for the past 16 years. Through embedded localized research in an estuary, enrolled 11th and 12th grade students conduct original research on the State of Possession Sound (SOPS) Project. This project is the backbone of the first year curriculum, where 60 students work collaboratively asking questions and gathering water quality data about the local estuary. Students analyze and interpret complex datasets that include temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, chlorophyll concentrations, and turbidity coupled with tidal influence. As …

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Connecting Nodes Throughout The Salish Sea: A Bottom-Up Approach To Strengthening Informed Decision-Making, Policy Making, And Marine Spatial Planning, Bridget John Apr 2020

Connecting Nodes Throughout The Salish Sea: A Bottom-Up Approach To Strengthening Informed Decision-Making, Policy Making, And Marine Spatial Planning, Bridget John

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Salish Sea is an intricate coastal region that faces myriad anthropogenic challenges. With ocean acidification and warming, an expanding human population, and marine shipping traffic, it is clear that this biologically rich ecosystem requires tools and strategies that link science to policy and conservation actions. One of the core problems in the vast Salish Sea is a lack of connectivity and continuity across communities that conduct research, restoration, and marine spatial planning (MSP): often communities develop plans and policies in silos without sharing information or methods outside of their tight jurisdictions. The Howe Sound/Atl’ka7tsem Marine Reference Guide offers an …

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Habitat Recovery In The Salish Sea, One Community At A Time: Community Engagement For Socio-Ecological Resilience Of Coastal Restoration Projects, Anuradha Rao Apr 2020

Habitat Recovery In The Salish Sea, One Community At A Time: Community Engagement For Socio-Ecological Resilience Of Coastal Restoration Projects, Anuradha Rao

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Community engagement builds both social and ecological resilience of restoration projects. This is particularly true in coastal areas, which are complex both ecologically and socially. The Salish Sea Nearshore Habitat Recovery Program builds on 20 years of community building towards coastal ecosystem restoration on the south coast of British Columbia, Canada. Funding was obtained by a small non-profit organization for seagrass and marine riparian restoration, and marine debris removal to support forage fish and juvenile salmon habitat recovery. The engagement and involvement of a broad community including Indigenous groups, coastal residents, all levels of government, academics and industry has resulted …

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Harmful Algal Species In The Central Basin Of Puget Sound: Seasonal Bloom Patterns Analyzed Via Flowcam Technology, Lyndsey Swanson Apr 2020

Harmful Algal Species In The Central Basin Of Puget Sound: Seasonal Bloom Patterns Analyzed Via Flowcam Technology, Lyndsey Swanson

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Central Basin of Washington State’s Puget Sound is part of the larger estuarine system known as the Salish Sea. Long-term monitoring of this basin by King County has produced a robust dataset through the year-round collection of a suite of physical, chemical, and biological parameters. A phytoplankton monitoring program was established in 2008 using traditional microscopy methods and in 2014 a particle imaging system was added to the program. Complex interplay among a number of environmental factors contribute to the distribution and magnitude of annual phytoplankton blooms within the estuary, which regularly include several species considered potentially harmful because …

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Identifying Cumulative Impact Thresholds: Implications For Marine Spatial Planning, Selina Agbayani Apr 2020

Identifying Cumulative Impact Thresholds: Implications For Marine Spatial Planning, Selina Agbayani

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Cumulative impact mapping can be a useful tool for marine spatial planning because the results can identify discrete areas in which ecosystems, habitats, or species are most affected by stressors associated with human activities. This information can help planners and managers prioritize areas for management, identify pristine areas for protection and degraded areas for restoration, and can be included as a cost layer in tradeoff analyses. A key challenge in using cumulative impact mapping in marine spatial planning is the issue of identifying appropriate thresholds for distinguishing the status of areas. To date, the interpretation of cumulative impact mapping model …

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Juniorseadoctors.Org, Club And Hub For Salish Sea-Based Education, Mira Castle Lutz Castle Apr 2020

Juniorseadoctors.Org, Club And Hub For Salish Sea-Based Education, Mira Castle Lutz Castle

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

SeaDoc Society youth education is raising Salish Sea literacy in youth and helping teachers meet science standards in a 3-part program: • Explore the Salish Sea A Nature Guide for Kids book and accompanying standards-aligned curriculum. Curriculum is being used in grades 3-8 classrooms, and also by marine education programs, who find that students who experience Explore the Salish Sea books and curriculum before a field experience have higher levels of enthusiasm and engagement during their program. • Junior SeaDoctors Club and Hub • Club For Kids: an online Salish Sea science club for kids in grades 3-8 with featured …

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Large Woody Debris Protects Woody Plants From Browsing In Restoration Following Elwha Dam Removal., Caelan Johnson Apr 2020

Large Woody Debris Protects Woody Plants From Browsing In Restoration Following Elwha Dam Removal., Caelan Johnson

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The increasing number of dams approaching the end of their useful lives compels a need for knowledge about how to conduct riparian restoration associated with dam removal. One of the most difficult challenges following dam removal is restoring native vegetation to drained reservoir beds, which can be impeded by ungulate browsing. Woody plant growth can be slow in dry nutrient-poor reservoir sediment, and browsing can impede forest establishment further. We evaluated the potential for large woody debris (LWD) to limit ungulate browsing on riparian trees and shrubs following dam removal in the Elwha ecosystem. We studied LWD mitigation of browsing …

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Fungi Distribution In The Elwha Restoration Ecosystem, Colter Lemons Apr 2020

Fungi Distribution In The Elwha Restoration Ecosystem, Colter Lemons

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Fungi distribution in the Elwha restoration ecosystem Colter Lemons, Mary Childress Huxley College of the Environment Western Washington University Bellingham, Washington USA Abstract Fungi play important roles in forest restoration, however, factors affecting fungal species composition and distribution are unknown for restoration associated with dam removal. The need for this information is pressing as the number of dams approaching the end of their useful lives grows rapidly. This study aimed to answer what environmental factors influence fungal distribution in the Elwha restoration ecosystem, the largest dam removal in history. Fungal distributions were sampled in two Elwha study areas: the largest …

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Investigating The Presence And Trophic Transfer Of Microplastics In Ex- And In-Situ North American Otters Through Scat And Diet Analysis, Jennifer Brocklin Van Apr 2020

Investigating The Presence And Trophic Transfer Of Microplastics In Ex- And In-Situ North American Otters Through Scat And Diet Analysis, Jennifer Brocklin Van

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

While an increasing number of studies have examined the presence and effects of microplastics in aquatic organisms like invertebrates and fish, there is still a dearth of knowledge about their impact on mammals in higher trophic levels. Both sea and river otters act as valuable indicators of ecosystem health and consume prey items that have been shown to contain microplastics. As such, we are investigating the ingestion of microplastics by sea otters (Enhydra lutris) and North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) in the North Pacific using scat. Our study includes samples from ex-situ and in-situ individuals and also analyzes otter …

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Microplastics Analysis And Quantification Of Benthic Sediments Of The Salish Sea, Margaret Baer Apr 2020

Microplastics Analysis And Quantification Of Benthic Sediments Of The Salish Sea, Margaret Baer

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Plastic marine debris presence in marine ecosystems is becoming a growing issue. Microplastics are any polymer with long axes between 0.33 to 5 mm. This material is an emerging concern because they are persistent in the environment and can build up in bed sediments, potentially creating sinks in important ecosystems such as the Salish Sea. This study will focus on determining the location, abundance, and types of microplastics in Salish Sea sediments by analyzing sediment samples provided by the Washington State Department of Ecology’s Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program. This research team processed and analyzed samples from 22 stations from …

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Mapping The Cysts Of Alexandrium Catenella In The Surface Sediments Of Puget Sound: A Comparison Of Microscopy And Molecular Methods For Enumeration, Cheryl Greengrove Apr 2020

Mapping The Cysts Of Alexandrium Catenella In The Surface Sediments Of Puget Sound: A Comparison Of Microscopy And Molecular Methods For Enumeration, Cheryl Greengrove

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Preliminary results from a newly funded NOAA NCCOS MERHAB project developing new molecular methods for detecting Alexandrium catenella cyst concentrations in marine sediments will be presented. A. catenella is a dinoflagellate that produces saxitoxin, a powerful neurotoxin, that can be concentrated in filter feeding shellfish which, if ingested by humans, can lead to paralytic shellfish poisoning and potentially death. A. catenella overwinters as a cyst in the sediment and when environmental conditions are right, in the spring and summer, germinates into the water column as a vegetative cell. Previous studies have mapped the winter distribution of A. catenella cysts in …

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Mapping Waves And Storm Surge For Coastal Resilience In The Salish Sea, Zhaoqing Yang Apr 2020

Mapping Waves And Storm Surge For Coastal Resilience In The Salish Sea, Zhaoqing Yang

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Pacific Northwest coasts are exposed to coastal inundation as a result of storm surge and large waves induced by extreme weather events. Accurate coastal risk projections depend on detailed and accurate information on sea level rise, including waves and storm surge under extreme weather events. This paper presents a modeling study simulating the wave climate and storm surge distribution in the Salish Sea. The Salish Sea wave model is configured with the SWAN model, driven by spectral open boundary conditions from the nested regional WaveWatch3 models and sea surface winds from a 6-km resolution Weather Research and Forecasting simulation. A …

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Measuring The Effectiveness Of Seattle’S Seawall Enhancements On Juvenile Salmon-An Acoustic Perspective, Kerry Accola Apr 2020

Measuring The Effectiveness Of Seattle’S Seawall Enhancements On Juvenile Salmon-An Acoustic Perspective, Kerry Accola

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Seattle’s waterfront is a key migration route for juvenile Pacific salmon including: Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), and chum (Oncorhynchus keta). The hardwired tendency of these salmon to inhabit nearshore waters results in close association with coastline urbanization, including piers and seawalls. Part of Seattle’s seawall was replaced in 2018 with enhancements intended to aid the movement and distribution of juvenile salmon. These enhancements include: light-penetrating glass blocks in the overhanging sidewalk to decrease shade in the water below, a bench along the seawall to restore shallow water depths, and textured seawall and shelves for invertebrate colonization. The objective …

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Monitoring Coccolithophore Blooms In Hood Canal, Seth Book Apr 2020

Monitoring Coccolithophore Blooms In Hood Canal, Seth Book

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The re-occurrence of bloom observations of coccolithophores, Emiliania huxleyi, that were seen in the Hood Canal from 2006-2008 and resurfaced in 2016-2019 have raised concerns about adverse effects on marine shellfish resources. Crab and shrimp test fishery and catch data, together with observations of intertidal clam and oyster populations have raised the alarm with the tribal community and resource managers that the blooms adversely impacts these resources. The Skokomish Tribe has been collecting oceanographic, environmental and biological data to understand the possible causes and effects of the recurring events of the coccolithophore blooms in Hood Canal. Canal-specific oceanographic data compiled …

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Never Underestimate A Well-Placed Poop Joke: Getting To The Bottom Of Water Quality Problems With A Fresh Take On Outreach, Karen Dubose Apr 2020

Never Underestimate A Well-Placed Poop Joke: Getting To The Bottom Of Water Quality Problems With A Fresh Take On Outreach, Karen Dubose

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Skagit County has been working hard to get to the bottom of local water quality problems. After 8 years, we faced a problem: our messaging had gotten stale and our progress was...a little backed up. Using the theory of social marketing, the county worked with a consultant to develop a campaign with a sense of humor that leaves out the lectures and respects our residents’ limited time and money. The PoopSmart campaign channels everyone’s inner five year old, using poop jokes to encourage everyone to do their dooty to manage livestock, pet, and human waste better. The results? A measurable …

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Ocean Watch Reports And The Ocean Watch Task Force: A Powerful Science Translation Combination, Aroha Miller Apr 2020

Ocean Watch Reports And The Ocean Watch Task Force: A Powerful Science Translation Combination, Aroha Miller

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Howe Sound/Atl’ḵa7tsem is a fjord located within the Salish Sea. Over the last 100 plus years, this marine environment became degraded from industrial pollution, a growing human population and the consequent environmental pressures. In 2017, an Ocean Watch report on the state of Howe Sound/Atl’ḵa7tsem’s coastal ocean environment was released. The report provided evidence-based knowledge on key topics or issues, including several recommended actions. The report was written in accessible language to convey why and how actions needed to be taken and many important actions were listed for governments. In order to advocate for recommended actions, the Ocean Watch Task …

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Hydrodynamics And Suspended-Sediment Transport Within An Urbanized Pacific Northwest Estuarine Embayment, Daniel J. Nowacki Apr 2020

Hydrodynamics And Suspended-Sediment Transport Within An Urbanized Pacific Northwest Estuarine Embayment, Daniel J. Nowacki

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Coastal sediment dynamics are crucial to understanding the transport and dispersal of contaminants in urbanized environments, predicting coastal resilience in the face of rising sea levels, and synthesizing integrated ecosystem responses. Here we present six months of observations collected by four bottom-mounted moorings in Bellingham Bay, Washington, USA, covering both quiescent summer periods and more energetic fall and winter conditions. Moorings that continuously sampled currents, waves, water quality, and turbidity tracked the dispersal and transport of sediment both from modern input via the Nooksack River basin and from legacy seabed sediment sources along the urbanized Bellingham waterfront. Discrete measurements of …

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Potential Climate Change Impacts And Actions To Adapt In Nearshore And Estuarine Areas Of Howe Sound/Atl’Ḵa7tsem, Jennifer Chapman Apr 2020

Potential Climate Change Impacts And Actions To Adapt In Nearshore And Estuarine Areas Of Howe Sound/Atl’Ḵa7tsem, Jennifer Chapman

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Howe Sound/Atl’ḵa7tsem is a fjord located near Vancouver, BC with both nearshore and estuarine habitats and communities. The coastal and estuarine habitats in the fjord are highly vulnerable to impacts from climate change (e.g., sea level rise, increased storm frequency). In order to better inform local citizens and decision-makers about possible actions for climate change adaptation in these estuarine and nearshore zones, a new report on the area’s coastal health (Ocean Watch: Howe Sound/Atl’ḵa7tsem report update) will be released in 2020. This report updates the current state of coastal ocean health in Howe Sound/Atl’ḵa7tsem since an initial report was released …

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Progress On Eccc’S Contribution To A New Initiative Component That Focuses On Marine Vessel Emissions And Mitigations In The Salish Sea., Katelyn Wells Apr 2020

Progress On Eccc’S Contribution To A New Initiative Component That Focuses On Marine Vessel Emissions And Mitigations In The Salish Sea., Katelyn Wells

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

As a result of the National Energy Board’s (NEB) Reconsideration Report on the Trans Mountain Expansion (TMX) project there are accommodation measures that are intended to mitigate, avoid or lessen potential effects associated with the project and related marine shipping. Environment Climate Change Canada (ECCC), along with other federal agencies, is working to implement the Salish Sea Initiative. One aspect in particular is analysis related to cumulative effects and mitigation measures for regional marine vessel air pollutant emissions. Marine vessel traffic is a significant source of air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions in the Salish Sea, affecting air quality in …

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Using X-Ray Fluorescence To Analyze Fire Impacted Soil And Vegetation Composition, Dylan Darter Apr 2019

Using X-Ray Fluorescence To Analyze Fire Impacted Soil And Vegetation Composition, Dylan Darter

Kansas State University Undergraduate Research Conference

In our lab, I am using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to measure the concentrations of metals in sediments from subalpine lakes. Our goal is to measure the biogeochemical consequences of wildfires over the last 2000 years. This study looks at the elemental composition of different lake cores, and vegetation samples from areas of the “Big Burn” fire of 1910. This fire burned across several states in the Rocky Mountain region. With our XRF data we are able to see how the fire impacted the soils and how long after the fire proper soil composition can occur. This study can be …

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Climate Futures, Design And The Just Transition Schedule, Liberal Arts Division Nov 2018

Climate Futures, Design And The Just Transition Schedule, Liberal Arts Division

Climate Futures Symposium

Schedule of events distributed at the Symposium.

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Groundwater Contamination At Coal Ash Deposit Sites In Kentucky, Brandon Rose Nov 2018

Groundwater Contamination At Coal Ash Deposit Sites In Kentucky, Brandon Rose

Scholars Week

No abstract provided.

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Spatial And Temporal Analysis Of Island Morphology In Lower Pool 18 Of The Mississippi River, Marissa C. Iverson May 2018

Spatial And Temporal Analysis Of Island Morphology In Lower Pool 18 Of The Mississippi River, Marissa C. Iverson

Celebration of Learning

The Upper Mississippi River System has a significant trend in island loss due to river engineering structures. However, Lower Pool 18 is observed as a counterexample to the island loss pattern with its island development near Lock and Dam 18 during the past 80 years. This research is modeled after a study done in Lower Pool 6 of the Upper Mississippi River where an island development was found to contradict the island loss prevalence. The Lower Pool 18 research’s goal is to map, describe, and explain spatial patterns of islands growth, persistence and loss. Historical maps and aerial photographs of …

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Functions Of Ecosystems: Stream Metabolism As An Efficient And Effective Means To Gage The Health And Understand The Interworking Of Urban Streams In A Watershed Of Rock Island, Il, Ryan Johnson, Dr. Kevin Geedey May 2018

Functions Of Ecosystems: Stream Metabolism As An Efficient And Effective Means To Gage The Health And Understand The Interworking Of Urban Streams In A Watershed Of Rock Island, Il, Ryan Johnson, Dr. Kevin Geedey

Celebration of Learning

Stream metabolism is a critical functional measure of stream health that integrates physical parameters like slope and discharge, with ecosystem functions like photosynthesis and respiration. Stream metabolism is widely studied; however, urban stream metabolism remains poorly understood. Stream metabolism was measured for five streams ranging from 1st to 5th orders from October 11th to October 18th 2017 and four streams ranging from 1st to 4th order from October 22nd to 25th 2017 located within an approximately 9.3 square kilometer watershed of Rock Island, IL that has an urban to suburban type of …

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A Quantitative Analysis Of The Effects Of Urbanization, Mesophication And Prescribed Burns On Oak Woodlands In The Chicago Metropolitan Area, Chad Populorum May 2018

A Quantitative Analysis Of The Effects Of Urbanization, Mesophication And Prescribed Burns On Oak Woodlands In The Chicago Metropolitan Area, Chad Populorum

Celebration of Learning

Urban expansion has had devastating impacts on forest ecosystems, especially within the past century. Human attempts to dominate nature have diminished natural disturbance regimes, which have maintained the biodiversity and historic composition of these ecosystems. Fires have been a prominent force in maintaining the structure of oak, hickory and other heliophytic (sun loving and fire-adapted) forest systems. Human induced fire suppression has led to mesophication across North America. Mesophication is the transition from drier conditions with open canopies to wetter conditions with closed canopies. These new conditions decrease the survival rates of these important species and begin to favor mesophytic …

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