Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Challenges In Quantifying Air‐Water Carbon Dioxide Flux Using Estuarine Water Quality Data: Case Study For Chesapeake Bay, Maria Herrmann, Raymond G. Najjar, Fei Da, Jaclyn R. Friedman, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Sreece Goldberger, Alana Menendez, Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Edward G. Stets, Pierre St-Laurent

Publications and Research

Estuaries play an uncertain but potentially important role in the global carbon cycle via CO₂ outgassing. The uncertainty mainly stems from the paucity of studies that document the full spatial and temporal variability of estuarine surface water partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( pCO₂). Here, we explore the potential of utilizing the abundance of pH data from historical water quality monitoring programs to fill the data void via a case study of the mainstem Chesapeake Bay (eastern United States). We calculate pCO₂ and the air-water CO₂ flux at monthly resolution from 1998 to …

Decision Tree For Predicting The Party Of Legislators, Afsana Mimi

Publications and Research

The motivation of the project is to identify the legislators who voted frequently against their party in terms of their roll call votes using Office of Clerk U.S. House of Representatives Data Sets collected in 2018 and 2019. We construct a model to predict the parties of legislators based on their votes. The method we used is Decision Tree from Data Mining. Python was used to collect raw data from internet, SAS was used to clean data, and all other calculations and graphical presentations are performed using the R software.

An In-Depth Look At P-Adic Numbers, Xiaona Zhou

Publications and Research

In this study, we consider $p$-adic numbers. We will also study the $p$-adic norm representation of real number, which is defined as $\mathbb{Q}_p = \{\sum_{j=m}^{\infty }a_j p^j: a_j \in \mathbb{D}_p, m\in\mathbb{Z}, a_m\neq 0\} \cup \{0\}$, where $p$ is a prime number. We explore properties of the $p$-adics by using examples. In particular, we will show that $\sqrt{6},i \in \mathbb{Q}_5$ and $\sqrt{2} \in \mathbb{Q}_7 $. $p$-adic numbers have a wide range of applicationsnin fields such as string theory, quantum mechanics, and transportation in porous disordered media in geology.

Uptake Of Co(Ii) Ions From Aqueous Solutions By Low-Cost Biopolymers And Their Hybrid, Mohamdia Nassar, Abel E. Navarro

Publications and Research

Alginate hydrogel beads (AB), spent peppermint leaf (PM), and a hybrid adsorbent of these two materials (ABPM), were studied as potential adsorbents of Cobalt (II) ions from aqueous solutions in batch system at room temperature. Equilibrium parameters such as solution pH, mass of adsorbent and the presence of a crowding agent on the adsorption of Co(II) ions were investigated. The results indicate that Co(II) uptake is maximized at pH values higher than 5, with adsorbent doses in the range 120-200 mg. Co(II) adsorption followed the trend AB > ABPM > PM with adsorption percentages of 77%, 71% and 64%, respectively.

Presence Of Electron Donor/Acceptor Radiographic Contrast Media In Unusual Photosynthesis Environment Of Fresh Plant Cells: Near-Infrared And X-Ray Characterization, Tetiana Soloviova, Subhendra Sarkar, Amina Shahbaz, Aldona Gjoni

Publications and Research

Photosynthesis is a chemical process through which light energy is used to convert inorganic material (water and carbon dioxide) into organic molecules. Anaerobic photosynthesis, also known as anoxygenic photosynthesis, is the process by which certain bacteria use light energy to create organic compounds but do not adequately involve oxygen. In this experiment we are trying to influence photosynthesis (light and dark reactions: PS-I and PS-II by electron rich gadolinium/iodine complexes like Eovist and Isovue. We also performed X-ray and NIR reflection spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure Gd difusivity and PS-I/II infrared response. The results for X-ray (45kvp and 5 Mas ) …

Sensor Data Analysis In Smart Buildings, Manuel A. Mane Penton

Publications and Research

Data analysis and Machine Learning are destined to evolve the current technology infrastructure by solving technology and economy demands present mainly in developed cities like New York. This research proposes a machine learning (ML) based solution to alleviate one of the main issues that big buildings such as CUNY campuses have, that is the waste of energy resources. The analysis of data coming from the readings of different deployed sensors such as CO2, humidity and temperature can be used to estimate occupancy in a specific room and building in general. The outcome of this research established a relationship between the …

Using Data Mining To Identify The Most Influential Factors In Training Results, Xiaoqing Wu, Daanial Ahmad

Publications and Research

Data Science is used as a tool to find hidden facts in the data. We want to find out what factors such as ‘AGE’, ‘TAX’, ‘PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO’, ‘PER-CAPITA INCOME’ contribute the most to housing prices. To answer this question, we studied the dataset of “Boston Houses Prices”. By applying the Lasso Regression (a Data Mining Technique) on the data set of “Boston Houses Prices” we identified the influential factors in the linear model. As a conclusion we found that there were six inputs which contributed the most to the prices of houses and those inputs are as follow: (i) CRIM-per …

Universality And Quantum Criticality In Quasiperiodic Spin Chains, Utkarsh Agrawal, Sarang Gopalakrishnan, Romain Vasseur

Publications and Research

Quasiperiodic systems are aperiodic but deterministic, so their critical behavior differs from that of clean systems and disordered ones as well. Quasiperiodic criticality was previously understood only in the special limit where the couplings follow discrete quasiperiodic sequences. Here we consider generic quasiperiodic modulations; we find, remarkably, that for a wide class of spin chains, generic quasiperiodic modulations flow to discrete sequences under a real-space renormalization-group transformation. These discrete sequences are therefore fixed points of a functional renormalization group. This observation allows for an asymptotically exact treatment of the critical points. We use this approach to analyze the quasiperiodic Heisenberg, …

Optically Pumped Spin Polarization As A Probe Of Many-Body Thermalization, Daniela Pagliero, Pablo R. Zangara, Jacob Henshaw, Ashok Ajoy, Rodolfo H. Acosta, Jeffrey A. Reimer, Alexander Pines, Carlos A. Meriles

Publications and Research

Disorder and many body interactions are known to impact transport and thermalization in competing ways, with the dominance of one or the other giving rise to fundamentally different dynamical phases. Here we investigate the spin diffusion dynamics of ¹³C in diamond, which we dynamically polarize at room temperature via optical spin pumping of engineered color centers. We focus on low-abundance, strongly hyperfine-coupled nuclei, whose role in the polarization transport we expose through the integrated impact of variable radio-frequency excitation on the observable bulk ¹³C magnetic resonance signal. Unexpectedly, we find good thermal contact throughout the nuclear spin bath, …

Winding Numbers And Full Extendability In Holomorphic Motions, Yunping Jiang

Publications and Research

We construct an example of a holomorphic motion of a five-point subset of the Riemann sphere over an annulus such that it satisfies the zero winding number condition but is not fully extendable.

An Empirical Study On The Use And Misuse Of Java 8 Streams, Raffi Khatchadourian, Yiming Tang, Mehdi Bagherzadeh, Baishakhi Ray

Publications and Research

Streaming APIs allow for big data processing of native data structures by providing MapReduce-like operations over these structures. However, unlike traditional big data systems, these data structures typically reside in shared memory accessed by multiple cores. Although popular, this emerging hybrid paradigm opens the door to possibly detrimental behavior, such as thread contention and bugs related to non-execution and non-determinism. This study explores the use and misuse of a popular streaming API, namely, Java 8 Streams. The focus is on how developers decide whether or not to run these operations sequentially or in parallel and bugs both specific and tangential …

An Empirical Study On The Use And Misuse Of Java 8 Streams, Raffi Khatchadourian, Yiming Tang, Mehdi Bagherzadeh, Baishakhi Ray

Publications and Research

Streaming APIs allow for big data processing of native data structures by providing MapReduce-like operations over these structures. However, unlike traditional big data systems, these data structures typically reside in shared memory accessed by multiple cores. Although popular, this emerging hybrid paradigm opens the door to possibly detrimental behavior, such as thread contention and bugs related to non-execution and non-determinism. This study explores the use and misuse of a popular streaming API, namely, Java 8 Streams. The focus is on how developers decide whether or not to run these operations sequentially or in parallel and bugs both specific and tangential …

Estimating Population Immunity Without Serological Testing, Andrew Lesniewski

Publications and Research

We propose an approximate methodology for estimating the overall level of immunity against COVID-19 in a population that has been affected by the recent epidemic. The methodology relies on the currently available mortality data and utilizes the properties of the SIR model. We illustrate the application of the method by estimating the recent levels of immunity in 10 US states with highest case numbers of COVID-19.

Philosophical Perspectives, Jochen Albrecht

Publications and Research

This entry follows in the footsteps of Anselin’s famous 1989 NCGIA working paper entitled “What is special about spatial?” (a report that is very timely again in an age when non-spatial data scientists are ignorant of the special characteristics of spatial data), where he outlines three unrelated but fundamental characteristics of spatial data. In a similar vein, I am going to discuss some philosophical perspectives that are internally unrelated to each other and could warrant individual entries in this Body of Knowledge. The first one is the notions of space and time and how they have evolved in …

Using Satellite Imaging Radar To Generate Flood Maps For Humanitarian Response: A Case Study For The 2019 Malawi Floods, Wen Yong Huang, Janet Llinas, Evelin Perez Flores, Aaron Davitt

Publications and Research

Floods are the most common, severe, and damaging natural disasters that can last hours, days, or weeks. Given its location along the great African Rift Valley, Malawi is especially vulnerable to floods due to its geography and low economic development (Figure 1). About 80 percent of Malawi‘s population lives in an agrarian economy. From January to March 2019, severe floods affected nearly 1 million people and claimed 56 lives in Malawi. The floods were caused by tropical cyclone Idai from March 4 to March 21, one of the worst tropical cyclones on record, and heavy rains that followed. The floods …

Impact Of Meteorological Factors On The Covid-19 Transmission: A Multicity Study In China, Jiangtao Liu, Ji Zhou, Jinxi Yao, Xiuxia Zhang, Lanyu Li, Xiaocheng Xu, Xiaotao He, Bo Wang, Shihua Fu, Tingting Niu, Jun Yan, Yanjun Shi, Xiaowei Ren, Jingping Niu, Weihao Zhu, Sheng Li, Bin Luo, Kai Zhang

Publications and Research

The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) case counts and meteorological factors in 30 provincial capital cities of China. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, ambient temperature (AT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), absolute humidity (AH) and migration scale index (MSI) for each city during the period of January 20th to March 2nd, 2020. First, we explored the associations between COVID-19 confirmed case counts, meteorological factors, and MSI using non-linear regression. Then, we conducted a two-stage analysis for 17 cities with more than 50 confirmed cases. In …

Streamlining Time Spent In Alternative Developmental Mathematics Pathways: Increasing Access To College-Level Mathematics Courses By Altering Placement Procedures, Marla A. Sole

Publications and Research

Developmental mathematics, which is designed to prepare students for college-level mathematics courses, can be a barrier to students’ success. In the United States, the majority of students placed into developmental mathematics courses fail to complete the developmental sequence. Alternative mathematics pathways offer some benefits when integrated with “just-in- time support” or expedited instruction on specific prerequisite concepts needed solely for the current lesson. This study compares two statistics courses taught at a public community college: a complete course taught in one semester and a two-semester version with just-in-time developmental content integrated into the course. The study found that students placed …

Does Applying Deep Learning In Financial Sentiment Analysis Lead To Better Classification Performance?, Tao Wang, Changhe Yuan, Cuiyuan Wang

Publications and Research

Using a unique data set from Seeking Alpha, we compare the deep learning approach with traditional machine learning approaches in classifying financial text. We apply the long short-term memory (LSTM) as the deep learning method and Naive Bayes, SVM, Logistic Regression, XGBoost as the traditional machine learning approaches. The results suggest that the LSTM model outperforms the conventional machine learning methods on all metrics. Based on the tSNE graph, the success of the LSTM model is partially explained as the high-accuracy LSTM model distinguishes between positive and negative important sentiment words while those words are chosen based on SHAP values …

Fibration Symmetries Uncover The Building Blocks Of Biological Networks, Flaviano Morone, Ian Leifer, Hernán A. Makse

Publications and Research

A major ambition of systems science is to uncover the building blocks of any biological network to decipher how cellular function emerges from their interactions. Here, we introduce a graph representation of the information flow in these networks as a set of input trees, one for each node, which contains all pathways along which information can be transmitted in the network. In this representation, we find remarkable symmetries in the input trees that deconstruct the network into functional building blocks called fibers. Nodes in a fiber have isomorphic input trees and thus process equivalent dynamics and synchronize their activity. Each …

Microfluidic Study Of The Electrocoalescence Of Aqueous Droplets In Crude Oil, Thomas Leary, Mohsen Yeganeh, Charles Maldarelli

Publications and Research

In electrocoalescence, an electric field is applied to a dispersion of conducting water droplets in a poorly conducting oil to force the droplets to merge in the direction of the field. Electrocoalescence is used in petroleum refining to separate water from crude oil and in droplet-based microfluidics to combine droplets of water in oil and to break emulsions. Using a microfluidic design to generate a two-dimensional (2D) emulsion, we demonstrate that electrocoalescence in an opaque crude oil can be visualized with optical microscopy and studied on an individual droplet basis in a chamber whose height is small enough to make …

Evolutionary Traits That Enable Scleractinian Corals To Survive Mass Extinction Events, Gal Dishon, Michal Grossowicz, Michael Krom, Gilad Guy, David F. Gruber, Dan Tchernov

Publications and Research

Scleractinian “stony” corals are major habitat engineers, whose skeletons form the framework for the highly diverse, yet increasingly threatened, coral reef ecosystem. Fossil coral skeletons also present a rich record that enables paleontological analysis of coral origins, tracing them back to the Triassic (~241 Myr). While numerous invertebrate lineages were eradicated at the last major mass extinction boundary, the Cretaceous-Tertiary/K-T (66 Myr), a number of Scleractinian corals survived. We review this history and assess traits correlated with K-T mass extinction survival. Disaster-related “survival” traits that emerged from our analysis are: (1) deep water residing (>100 m); (2) cosmopolitan distributions, …

Artificial Intelligence: A New Paradigm In Obstetrics And Gynecology Research And Clinical Practice, Pulwasha Iftikhar, Marcela V. Kuijpers, Azadeh Khayyat, Aqsa Iftikhar, Maribel Degouvia De Sa

Publications and Research

Artificial intelligence (AI) is growing exponentially in various fields, including medicine. This paper reviews the pertinent aspects of AI in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) and how these can be applied to improve patient outcomes and reduce the healthcare costs and workload for clinicians.

Herein, we will address current AI uses in OB/GYN, and the use of AI as a tool to interpret fetal heart rate (FHR) and cardiotocography (CTG) to aid in the detection of preterm labor, pregnancy complications, and review discrepancies in its interpretation between clinicians to reduce maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. AI systems can be used …

Proceedings Of The Cuny Games Conference 6.0, Robert O. Duncan, Joseph Bisz, Christina Boyle, Kathleen Offenholley, Maura A. Smale, Carolyn Stallard, Deborah Sturm

Publications and Research

The CUNY Games Network is an organization dedicated to encouraging research, scholarship and teaching in the developing field of games-based learning. We connect educators from every campus and discipline at CUNY and beyond who are interested in digital and non-digital games, simulations, and other forms of interactive teaching and inquiry-based learning. These proceedings summarize the CUNY Games Conference 6.0, where scholars shared research findings at a three-day event to promote and discuss game-based pedagogy in higher education. Presenters could share findings in oral presentations, posters, demos, or play testing sessions. The conference also included workshops on how to modify existing …

Polymers For Extrusion‐Based 3d Printing Of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials–Process Perspective, Mohammad A. Azad, Deborah Olawuni, Georgia Kimbell, Abu Zayed Badruddoza, Md. Shahadat Hossain, Tasnim Sultana

Publications and Research

Three dimensional (3D) printing as an advanced manufacturing technology is progressing to be established in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome the traditional manufacturing regime of ʹone size fits for allʹ. Using 3D printing, it is possible to design and develop complex dosage forms that can be suitable for tuning drug release. Polymers are the key materials that are necessary for 3D printing. Among all 3D printing processes, extrusion‐based (both fused deposition modeling (FDM) and pressure‐assisted microsyringe (PAM)) 3D printing is well researched for pharmaceutical manufacturing. It is important to understand which polymers are suitable for extrusion‐based 3D printing of pharmaceuticals …

Esd Ideas: Why Are Glaciations Slower Than Deglaciations?, Christine J. Ramadhin, Chuixiang Yi

Publications and Research

The Earth’s climate during the Quaternary is dominated by short warm interglacials and longer cold glaciations paced by external forcings such as changes in insolation. Although not observed in the solar radiation changes, the time series of the cycles display asymmetry since transitions to full glacial conditions are slower than the termination of glaciations. Here an idea is proposed for the slower transition by identifying and describing two negative sea ice feedbacks dominant during the glaciation process that could serve as a control on the intermediate stage and decrease the pace of the process.

Effect Of Direct-Current Magnetic Field On The Specific Absorption Rate Of Metamagnetic Comnsi: A Potential Approach To Switchable Hyperthermia Therapy, K C. Ugochukwu, M M. Sadiq, E S. Biegel, L Meagher, M R. Hill, Karl G. Sandeman, A Haydon, K Suzuki

Publications and Research

Materials with 1st order antiferromagnetic (AFM) to high-magnetization (MM) phase transition known for their inverse magnetocaloric effect, abrupt rise in magnetization and magnetoelastic coupling, are promising for application in combined simultaneous diagnosis and targeted cancer therapy. A therapy that combines alternating-current (ac) and direct-current (dc) magnetic fields for simultaneous magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using same magnetic particles for heating and as con- trast agents. We report a proof-of-concept study on the induction heating ability of 1st order metamagnetic material with moderate specific absorption rates (SAR) and no tendency for agglomeration, for potential MHT and MRI …

Lake Volume Data Analyses: A Deep Look Into The Shrinking And Expansion Patterns Of Lakes Azuei And Enriquillo, Hispaniola, Mahrokh Moknatian, Michael Piasecki

Publications and Research

This paper presents the development of an evenly spaced volume time series for Lakes Azuei and Enriquillo both located on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola. The time series is derived from an unevenly spaced Landsat imagery data set which is then exposed to several imputation methods to construct the gap filled uniformly‐spaced time series so it can be subjected to statistical analyses methods. The volume time series features both gradual and sudden changes the latter of which is attributed to North Atlantic cyclone activity. Relevant cyclone activity is defined as an event passing within 80 km and having regional monthly …

Safe Automated Refactoring For Intelligent Parallelization Of Java 8 Streams, Raffi Khatchadourian, Yiming Tang, Mehdi Bagherzadeh

Publications and Research

Streaming APIs are becoming more pervasive in mainstream Object-Oriented programming languages and platforms. For example, the Stream API introduced in Java 8 allows for functional-like, MapReduce-style operations in processing both finite, e.g., collections, and infinite data structures. However, using this API efficiently involves subtle considerations such as determining when it is best for stream operations to run in parallel, when running operations in parallel can be less efficient, and when it is safe to run in parallel due to possible lambda expression side-effects. ics-preserving fashion. The approach, based on a novel data ordering and typestate analysis, consists of preconditions and …

Microspheres With Atomic-Scale Tolerances Generate Hyperdegeneracy, Jacob Kher-Alden, Shai Maayani, Leopoldo L. Martin, Mark Douvidzon, Lev Deych, Tal Carmon

Publications and Research

Degeneracies play a crucial rule in precise scientific measurements as well as in sensing applications. Spherical resonators have a high degree of degeneracy thanks to their highest symmetry; yet, fabricating perfect spheres is challenging because even a stem to hold the sphere breaks the symmetry. Here we fabricate a levitating spherical resonator that is evanescently coupled to a standard optical fiber. We characterize the resonators to exhibit an optical quality factor exceeding a billion, 10 μm radius, and sphericity to within less than 1µ. Using our high quality and sphericity, we experimentally lift degeneracies of orders higher than 200, which …

Singlet Fission In A Hexacene Dimer: Energetics Dictate Dynamics, Samuel N. Sanders, Elango Kumarasamy, Kealan J. Fallon, Matthew Y. Sfeir, Luis M. Campos

Publications and Research

Singlet fission (SF) is an exciton multiplication process with the potential to raise the efficiency limit of single junction solar cells from 33% to up to 45%. Most chromophores generally undergo SF as solid-state crystals. However, when such molecules are covalently coupled, the dimers can be used as model systems to study fundamental photophysical dynamics where a singlet exciton splits into two triplet excitons within individual molecules. Here we report the synthesis and photophysical characterization of singlet fission of a hexacene dimer. Comparing the hexacene dimer to analogous tetracene and pentacene dimers reveals that excess exoergicity slows down singlet fission, …