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Articles 1081 - 1110 of 1348
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Quantitative Modelling Approaches For Ascorbic Acid Degradation And Non-Enzymatic Browning Of Orange Juice During Ultrasound Processing, Vasilis Valdramidis, Patrick J. Cullen, Brijesh Tiwari, Colm O’Donnell
Quantitative Modelling Approaches For Ascorbic Acid Degradation And Non-Enzymatic Browning Of Orange Juice During Ultrasound Processing, Vasilis Valdramidis, Patrick J. Cullen, Brijesh Tiwari, Colm O’Donnell
Articles
The objective of this study was to develop a deterministic modelling approach for non-enzymatic browning (NEB) and ascorbic acid (AA) degradation in orange juice during ultrasound processing. Freshly squeezed orange juice was sonicated using a 1,500 W ultrasonic processor at a constant frequency of 20 kHz and processing variables of amplitude level (24.4 – 61.0 μm), temperature (5 – 30 oC) and time (0 – 10 min). The rate constants of the NEB and AA were estimated by a primary model (zero and first order) while their relationship with respect to the processing factors was tested for a number of …
A Systematic Study Of The Dispersion Of Swnts In Organic Solvents, Qiaohuan Cheng, Sourabhi Debnath, Luke O'Neill, Theresa Hedderman, Elizabeth Gregan
A Systematic Study Of The Dispersion Of Swnts In Organic Solvents, Qiaohuan Cheng, Sourabhi Debnath, Luke O'Neill, Theresa Hedderman, Elizabeth Gregan
Articles
Dispersions of as-produced HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a series of organic solvents were prepared by dilution with the aid of tip sonication. Mild centrifugation (945 g) was carried out to remove large bundles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies revealed that the bundle size decreased as the dispersion was diluted. By measuring the UV−vis−NIR absorption before and after centrifugation as a function of the concentration, the dispersion limit of SWNTs in each solvent can be determined. Correlations between the dispersion limit and solvent solubility parameters, including the Hildebrand solubility parameter and three-dimensional Hansen solubility parameters, are explored, demonstrating that …
A Systematic Study Of The Dispersion Of Swnts In Organic Solvents, Qiaohuan Cheng, Sourabhi Debnath, Luke O'Neill, Theresa Hedderman, Elizabeth Gregan, Hugh Byrne
A Systematic Study Of The Dispersion Of Swnts In Organic Solvents, Qiaohuan Cheng, Sourabhi Debnath, Luke O'Neill, Theresa Hedderman, Elizabeth Gregan, Hugh Byrne
Articles
Dispersions of as-produced HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a series of organic solvents were prepared by dilution with the aid of tip sonication. Mild centrifugation (~ 945 g) was carried out to remove large bundles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies revealed that the bundle size decreased as the dispersion was diluted. By measuring the UV-vis-NIR absorption before and after centrifugation as a function of the concentration, the dispersion limit of SWNTs in each solvent can be determined. Correlations between the dispersion limit and solvent solubility parameters, including the Hildebrand solubility parameter and three dimensional Hansen solubility parameters, are explored, …
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Zno Micro-Javelins, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, John M. Kelly, Sibu C. Padmanabhan
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Of Zno Micro-Javelins, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, John M. Kelly, Sibu C. Padmanabhan
Articles
The microwave (MW)-assisted formation of ZnO micro-javelins from zinc nitrate and urea in aqueous solution is described. The particles (named as ‘micro-javelins’ because of their high aspect ratio and needle-like tips) grow hexagonally with well-defined facets in the h0110i direction and pointed tips in (0001) direction. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns show the appearance of a strikingly dominant (1000) orientation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations reveal the morphological evolution of these hexagonal ZnO particles with time. The effect of precursor concentrations, counterion type andMWirradiation power and their consequent influence on pH and Zn2+ ion concentration are …
Photopolymers: Beyond The Standard Approach To Photosensitisation, Izabela Naydenova, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal
Photopolymers: Beyond The Standard Approach To Photosensitisation, Izabela Naydenova, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal
Articles
A photopolymerizable material for use in the visible normally consists of a dye sensitizer, a free radical generator, monomer/monomers and, optionally, a binder, and is prepared usually as a dry or liquid film. Upon illumination with light of appropriate wavelength, a photopolymerisation reaction is triggered, leading to a change in the film’s refractive index. Because the presence of the dye is essential, the film is usually made sensitive to light during its preparation. Here we separate the film preparation and the sensitisation processes. In this way the photopolymerisation process can be used to detect dye labelled analytes, providing an alternative …
Spectroscopic Investigation Of The Anatase-To-Rutile Transformation Of Sol-Gel Synthesised Tio2 Photocatalysts, Nicholas Nolan, Suresh Pillai, Michael Seery
Spectroscopic Investigation Of The Anatase-To-Rutile Transformation Of Sol-Gel Synthesised Tio2 Photocatalysts, Nicholas Nolan, Suresh Pillai, Michael Seery
Articles
Among the three major phases in titania, anatase is reported to be a better photocatalytically active phase. Anatase to rutile transformations, under normal conditions, usually occurs at a temperatue range of 600- 700 °C. Various chemical additives have previously been employed to extend the anatase transition to higher temperatures. Effect of employing various concentrations of formic acid and water on phase transition has systematically been studied by XRD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. A considerably higher anatase phase (41%) has been obtained at 800 ºC and 10% anatase composition is retained after annealing the materials at 900 ºC for the optimised …
Stochastic Particle Acceleration In The Lobes Of Giant Radio Galaxies, Stephen O'Sullivan, Brian Reville, Andrew Taylor
Stochastic Particle Acceleration In The Lobes Of Giant Radio Galaxies, Stephen O'Sullivan, Brian Reville, Andrew Taylor
Articles
We investigate the acceleration of particles by Alfv ́en waves via the second-order Fermi process in the lobes of giant radio galaxies. Such sites are candidates for the accelerators of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR). We focus on the nearby Fanaroff–Riley type I radio galaxy Centaurus A. This is motivated by the coincidence of its position with the arrival direction of several of the highest energy Auger events. The conditions necessary for consistency with the acceleration time-scales predicted by quasi-linear theory are reviewed. Test particle calculations are performed in fields which guarantee electric fields with no component parallel to the local …
Nonideal Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulent Decay In Molecular Clouds, Turlough Downes, Stephen O'Sullivan
Nonideal Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulent Decay In Molecular Clouds, Turlough Downes, Stephen O'Sullivan
Articles
It is well known that non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic effects are important in the dynamics of molecular clouds: both ambipolar diffusion and possibly the Hall effect have been identified as significant. We present the results of a suite of simulations with a resolution of 512-cubed of turbulent decay in molecular clouds incorporating a simplified form of both ambipolar diffusion and the Hall effect simultaneously. The initial velocity field in the turbulence is varied from being super-Alfvénic and hypersonic, through to trans-Alfvénic but still supersonic.
Applying Computational Models Of Spatial Prepositions To Visually Situated Dialog, John D. Kelleher, Fintan Costello
Applying Computational Models Of Spatial Prepositions To Visually Situated Dialog, John D. Kelleher, Fintan Costello
Articles
This article describes the application of computational models of spatial prepositions to visually situated dialog systems. In these dialogs, spatial prepositions are important because people often use them to refer to entities in the visual context of a dialog. We first describe a generic architecture for a visually situated dialog system and highlight the interactions between the spatial cognition module, which provides the interface to the models of prepositional semantics, and the other components in the architecture. Following this, we present two new computational models of topological and projective spatial prepositions. The main novelty within these models is the fact …
Characterisation Of The Humidity And Temperature Responses Of A Reflection Hologram Recorded In Acrylamide-Based Photopolymer, Izabela Naydenova, Raghavendra Jallapuram, Vincent Toal, Suzanne Martin
Characterisation Of The Humidity And Temperature Responses Of A Reflection Hologram Recorded In Acrylamide-Based Photopolymer, Izabela Naydenova, Raghavendra Jallapuram, Vincent Toal, Suzanne Martin
Articles
The humidity and temperature responses of a reflection hologram recorded in a self-processing photopolymer layer have been characterised by measurement of the position of the maximum intensity in the spectral response of the hologram. It has been demonstrated that such a hologram can be used for indication of the relative humidity (RH) in a specific temperature range. The operational range and reversibility of the holograms have been characterised in a controlled humidity and temperature environment. The humidity studies were carried out in the range from 10 to 80% RH and the temperature range under study was 15 – 50 ºC.
Swcnt Suppress Inflammatory Mediator Responses In Human Lung Epithelium In Vitro, Eva Herzog, Hugh Byrne, Maria Davoren, Anke-Gabriele Lenz, Albert Duschl, Gertie Janneke Oostingh
Swcnt Suppress Inflammatory Mediator Responses In Human Lung Epithelium In Vitro, Eva Herzog, Hugh Byrne, Maria Davoren, Anke-Gabriele Lenz, Albert Duschl, Gertie Janneke Oostingh
Articles
Single walled carbon nanotubes have gained enormous popularity due to a variety of potential applications which will ultimately lead to increased human and environmental exposure to these nanoparticles. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the inflammatory response of immortalised and primary human lung epithelial cells (A549 and NHBE) to single walled carbon nanotube samples (SWCNT). Special focus was placed on the mediating role of lung surfactant on particle toxicity. The toxicity of SWCNT dispersed in cell culture medium was compared to that of nanotubes dispersed in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC, the main component of lung lining fluid). Exposure was …
Modelling Groups Of Plausible Virtual Pedestrians, Christopher Peters, Cathy Ennis, Carol O'Sullivan
Modelling Groups Of Plausible Virtual Pedestrians, Christopher Peters, Cathy Ennis, Carol O'Sullivan
Articles
No abstract provided.
Talking Bodies: Sensitivity To Desynchronization Of Conversations, Rachel Mcdonnell, Cathy Ennis, Simon Dobbyn, Carol O'Sullivan
Talking Bodies: Sensitivity To Desynchronization Of Conversations, Rachel Mcdonnell, Cathy Ennis, Simon Dobbyn, Carol O'Sullivan
Articles
In this article, we investigate human sensitivity to the coordination and timing of conversational body language for virtual characters. First, we captured the full body motions (excluding faces and hands) of three actors conversing about a range of topics, in either a polite (i.e., one person talking at a time) or debate/argument style. Stimuli were then created by applying the motion-captured conversations from the actors to virtual characters. In a 2AFC experiment, participants viewed paired sequences of synchronized and desynchronized conversations and were asked to guess which was the real one. Detection performance was above chance for both conversation styles …
One-Pot Synthesis Of Anionic (Nitrogen) And Cationic (Sulfur) Codoped High-Temperature Stable, Visible Light Active, Anatase Photocatalysts, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, Steven Hinder, Pradeepan Periyat
One-Pot Synthesis Of Anionic (Nitrogen) And Cationic (Sulfur) Codoped High-Temperature Stable, Visible Light Active, Anatase Photocatalysts, Suresh Pillai, Declan Mccormack, Steven Hinder, Pradeepan Periyat
Articles
No abstract provided.
Printed Document Authentication Using Texture Coding, Jonathan Blackledge, Khaled Mahmoud
Printed Document Authentication Using Texture Coding, Jonathan Blackledge, Khaled Mahmoud
Articles
The use of image based information exchange has grown rapidly over the years in terms of both e-to-e image storage and transmission and in terms of maintaining paper documents in electronic form. Further, with the dramatic improvements in the quality of COTS (Commercial-Off-The-Shelf) printing and scanning devices, the ability to counterfeit electronic and printed documents has become a widespread problem. Consequently, there has been an increasing demand to develop digital watermarking techniques which can be applied to both electronic and printed images (and documents) that can be authenticated, prevent unauthorized copying of their content and, in the case of printed …
Optical And Holographic Characteristics Of Photopolymer Layers, Temenujka Yovcheva, Izabela Naydenova, Ivanka Vlaeva, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal, Simeon Sainov
Optical And Holographic Characteristics Of Photopolymer Layers, Temenujka Yovcheva, Izabela Naydenova, Ivanka Vlaeva, Suzanne Martin, Vincent Toal, Simeon Sainov
Articles
In the present work the optical and holographic characteristics of acrylamide-based photopolymer layers are studied. For the first time the refractive index change of a liquid acrylamide photopolymer due to exposure at 532 nm is obtained using a critical angle laser micro-refractometer. The 30 mm thick solid photopolymer films are prepared by casting on glass substrates. Bragg holographic gratings with spatial frequencies of 710 mm-1, 1050 mm-1 and 1600 mm-1 are recorded using a diode laser operating at 532 nm wavelength. The diffraction efficiency dependence on the exposure energy is investigated. The obtained results are compared with the Stetson holographic …
Investigation Of The Light Induced Redistribution Of Beta Nanoparticles In An Acrylamide-Based Photopolymer, Elsa Leite, Izabela Naydenova, Nitesh Pandey, Tzvetanka Babeva, G. Majano, Svetlana Mintova
Investigation Of The Light Induced Redistribution Of Beta Nanoparticles In An Acrylamide-Based Photopolymer, Elsa Leite, Izabela Naydenova, Nitesh Pandey, Tzvetanka Babeva, G. Majano, Svetlana Mintova
Articles
We report the redistribution of colloidal zeolite Beta nanoparticles during holographic recording in acrylamide-based photopolymers. Using the techniques of confocal Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM–EDX), we have observed a periodic pattern, whose spacing agrees with the fringe spacing of the recorded holographic diffraction grating. It was estimated that the fraction of nanoparticles redistributed as a result of the holographic recording is 40%. The effect of the nanoparticles on the average refractive index of the nanocomposite layers was studied by UV–visible spectroscopy. It was observed that the addition of zeolite nanoparticles leads to …
Influence Of Magnesium Nitrate On The Corrosion Performance Of Sol-Gel Coated Aa2024-T3 Aluminium Alloy, Rajath Varma, Brendan Duffy, John Cassidy
Influence Of Magnesium Nitrate On The Corrosion Performance Of Sol-Gel Coated Aa2024-T3 Aluminium Alloy, Rajath Varma, Brendan Duffy, John Cassidy
Articles
Traditional anti-corrosion technology has relied heavily on using reducible metal species, predominantly hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), for protecting reactive metal alloys such as aluminium which is extensively used in the aerospace sector. However, the impending changes in the use of Cr(VI) in Europe and the United States have forced aerospace manufacturers to examine alternative materials for protecting aluminium. One of the most promising alternatives being investigated are organosilane based sol-gels containing anticorrosion additives. In this work the anti-corrosion properties of magnesium (II) nitrate (Mg(NO3)2) as a inhibitor was investigated at different concentrations (0.1% - 1.0 wt %) in a methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS) …
Existence Of Infinitely Many Distinct Solutions To The Quasi-Relativistic Hartree-Fock Equations, Mattias Enstedt, Michael Melgaard
Existence Of Infinitely Many Distinct Solutions To The Quasi-Relativistic Hartree-Fock Equations, Mattias Enstedt, Michael Melgaard
Articles
We establish existence of infinitely many distinct solutions to the semilinear elliptic Hartree-Fock equations for N-electron Coulomb systems with quasirelativistic kinetic energy −α−2Δxn α−4 − α−2 for the nth electron. Moreover, we prove existence of a ground state. The results are valid under the hypotheses that the total charge Ztot of K nuclei is greater than N − 1 and that Ztot is smaller than a critical charge Zc. The proofs are based on a new application of the Fang-Ghoussoub critical point approach to multiple solutions on a noncompact Riemannian manifold, in combination with density operator techniques.
An Analysis Of Drug Dissolution Rates In The Usp 24 Type 2 Apparatus, David Mcdonnell, Brendan Redmond, Deirdre M. D'Arcy, Anne Marie Healy, Owen Corrigan
An Analysis Of Drug Dissolution Rates In The Usp 24 Type 2 Apparatus, David Mcdonnell, Brendan Redmond, Deirdre M. D'Arcy, Anne Marie Healy, Owen Corrigan
Articles
This paper applies boundary layer theory to the process of drug dissolution in the USP 24, Type 2 Apparatus. The mass transfer rate from the top flat surface of a compact in various positions within the device is evaluated by means of a Pohlhausen integral method.
A Generic Approach To Computer-Based Clinical Practice Guideling Management Using The Eca Rule Paradigm And Active Databases, Bing Wu, Kudakwashe Dube
A Generic Approach To Computer-Based Clinical Practice Guideling Management Using The Eca Rule Paradigm And Active Databases, Bing Wu, Kudakwashe Dube
Articles
The increasing demand for reduced cost and improved quality of service in healthcare has prompted the call for better management of medical knowledge. The main emphasis has been on knowledge that is acquired through experience and medical research and then formalised into Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs). This paper presents a generic approach to CPG information and knowledge management that uses the Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rule paradigm and active databases within a unified management framework. The paper focuses on an approach for facilitating the use and management of CPGs by clinicians through delivering the CPGs at the point-of-care by a computerised mechanism.
Silver Doped Perfluoropolyether-Urethane Coatings: Antibacterial Activity And Surface Analysis, Niall Stobie, Brendan Duffy, Steven Hinder, Patrick Mchale, Declan Mccormack
Silver Doped Perfluoropolyether-Urethane Coatings: Antibacterial Activity And Surface Analysis, Niall Stobie, Brendan Duffy, Steven Hinder, Patrick Mchale, Declan Mccormack
Articles
The colonisation of clinical and industrial surfaces with pathogenic microorganisms has prompted increased research into the development of effective antibacterial and antifouling coatings. There is evidence that implanted biomedical surfaces coated with metallic silver can be inactivated by hysiological fluids, thus reducing the bioactivity of the coating. In this work, we report the biofilm inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis using a roomtemperatureprocessedsilver dopedperfluoropolyether-urethane coating. The release of silver ions from these fluoropolymers over a six-day period inhibited bacterial encrustation – as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated differences in carbon, fluorine and sodium surface composition …
Effect Of Organic Chelates On The Performance Of Hybrid Sol–Gel Coated Aa2024-T3 Aluminium Alloys, Rajath Varma, John Colreavy, John Cassidy, Mohamed Oubaha, Colette Mcdonagh, Brendan Duffy
Effect Of Organic Chelates On The Performance Of Hybrid Sol–Gel Coated Aa2024-T3 Aluminium Alloys, Rajath Varma, John Colreavy, John Cassidy, Mohamed Oubaha, Colette Mcdonagh, Brendan Duffy
Articles
Sol–gels are organic–inorganic polymers formed by hydrolysis/condensation reactions of alkoxide precursors, primarily silanes, which have found applications as electronic, optical and protective coatings. These coatings possess important characteristics such as chemical stability, physical strength and scratch resistance. Further performance improvement is achieved through the incorporation of zirconium and titanium based nanoparticles, also formed through the sol–gel process. However due to the inherent difference in the reactivity of the precursors, the hydrolysis of each precursor must be carried out separately before being combined for final condensation. Zirconium precursors are commonly chelated using acetic acids, prior to hydrolysis, to lower the hydrolysis …
Three-Dimensional Spatial Information Systems: State Of The Art Review, Bianca Schoen-Phelan, D. Laefer, S. W. Morrish, M. Bertolotto
Three-Dimensional Spatial Information Systems: State Of The Art Review, Bianca Schoen-Phelan, D. Laefer, S. W. Morrish, M. Bertolotto
Articles
A spatial information system (SIS) is critical to the hosting, querying, and analyzing of spatial data sets. The increasing availability of three-dimensional (3D) data (e.g. from aerial and terrestrial laser scanning) and the desire to use such data in large geo-spatial platforms have been dual drivers in the evolution of integrated SISs. Within this context, recent patents demonstrate efforts to handle large data sets, especially complex point clouds. While the development of feature-rich geo-systems has been well documented, the implementation of support for 3D capabilities is only now being addressed. This paper documents the underlying technologies implemented for the support …
On Modules Which Are Self-Slender, R. Gobel, Brendan Goldsmith, O. Kolman
On Modules Which Are Self-Slender, R. Gobel, Brendan Goldsmith, O. Kolman
Articles
This paper is an examination of the dual of the fundamental isomorphism relating homomorphism groups involving direct sums and direct products over arbitrary index sets. Recall that a module G is said to be self-slender if every homomorphism from a countable product of copies of G into G, vanishes on all but finitely many of the components of the product. Modules of this type are investigated. The simplest version of the results obtained is that under weak cardinality restrictions, there exist non-slender but self-slender Abelian groups.
Two Component Integrable Systems Modelling Shallow Water Waves: The Constant Vorticity Case, Rossen Ivanov
Two Component Integrable Systems Modelling Shallow Water Waves: The Constant Vorticity Case, Rossen Ivanov
Articles
In this contribution we describe the role of several two-component integrable systems in the classical problem of shallow water waves. The starting point in our derivation is the Euler equation for an incompressible fluid, the equation of mass conservation, the simplest bottom and surface conditions and the constant vorticity condition. The approximate model equations are generated by introduction of suitable scalings and by truncating asymptotic expansions of the quantities to appropriate order. The so obtained equations can be related to three different integrable systems: a two component generalization of the Camassa-Holm equation, the Zakharov-Ito system and the Kaup-Boussinesq system. The …
1-D Schrödinger Operators With Local Point Interactions On A Discrete Set, Aleksey Kostenko, Mark M. Malamud
1-D Schrödinger Operators With Local Point Interactions On A Discrete Set, Aleksey Kostenko, Mark M. Malamud
Articles
Spectral properties of 1-D Schrödinger operators HX,α := − d2 dx2 + xn∈X αnδ(x − xn) with local point interactions on a discrete set X = {xn}∞ n=1 are well studied when d∗ := infn,k∈N |xn − xk| > 0. Our paper is devoted to the case d∗ = 0. We consider HX,α in the framework of extension theory of symmetric operators by applying the technique of boundary triplets and the corresponding Weyl functions.
Scattering From A Tenuous Random Medium With Applications In Optics, Jonathan Blackledge
Scattering From A Tenuous Random Medium With Applications In Optics, Jonathan Blackledge
Articles
Mathematical models for the scattering of light (and other radiation) tend to fall into two categories based on a weak field condition (single scattering processes) or a strong field condition (multiple scattering processes). In the latter case, the complexity of deterministic models coupled with available solutions often fail to provide results that are of value to engineering systems (e.g. imaging systems). For this reason, multiple scattering problems are often approached using stochastic modelling methods whose foundations lie in random walk theory where the amplitude and phase of the scattered field are taken to conform to an appropriate statistical process and …
On The Socles Of Fully Invariant Abelian P-Groups, Brendan Goldsmith, P. V. Danchev
On The Socles Of Fully Invariant Abelian P-Groups, Brendan Goldsmith, P. V. Danchev
Articles
The classification of the fully invariant subgroups of a reduced Abelian p-group is a difficult long-standing problem when one moves outside of the class of fully transitive groups. In this work we restrict attention to the socles of fully invariant subgroups and introduce a new class of groups which we term socle-regular groups; this class is shown to be large and strictly contains the class of fully transitive groups. The basic properties of such groups are investigated but it is shown that the classification of even this simplified class of groups, seems extremely difficult.
Converging Flow Between Coaxial Cones, O. Hall, A. D. Gilbert, C. P. Hills
Converging Flow Between Coaxial Cones, O. Hall, A. D. Gilbert, C. P. Hills
Articles
Fluid flow governed by the Navier-Stokes equation is considered in a domain bounded by two cones with the same axis. In the first, 'non-parallel' case, the two cones have the same apex and different angles θ = α and β in spherical polar coordinates (r, θ, φ). In the second, 'parallel' case, the two cones have the same opening angle α, parallel walls separated by a gap h and apices separated by a distance h/sinα. Flows are driven by a source Q at the origin, the apex of the lower cone in the parallel case. The Stokes solution for the …