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Articles 31 - 60 of 86
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Designing A General Education Course On The Societal Impacts Of Artificial Intelligence, Vincent Rollins
Designing A General Education Course On The Societal Impacts Of Artificial Intelligence, Vincent Rollins
Honors Theses
Most colleges, including UTC, already offer an artificial intelligence course (CPSC 4440) as part of their computer science curricula. Such courses are meant to explain the technology behind these elaborate systems, but these courses often neglect extensive coverage of the real-world impacts of the technology itself. UTC also offers a course entitled “Ethical and Social Issues in Computing” that does convey the importance behind the advances of computer technology and its impacts, but this course is practically available only to computer science majors. There is no generalized and widely available course that covers the technological, economic, cultural, philosophical/theological, and ethical …
Evaluation Of Different Research Methodologies For Acoustic Monitoring Of Anuran Populations, Richard Alexander Schwartz
Evaluation Of Different Research Methodologies For Acoustic Monitoring Of Anuran Populations, Richard Alexander Schwartz
Honors Theses
Amphibians are important for a wide variety of reasons. However, in recent years their global populations have seen a sharp decline. It is therefore increasingly important to conduct research relevant to their protection and success. The main way this is accomplished with anurans is through the monitoring of male vocalizations. This can take the form of Manual Call Surveys, Automated Recording Systems, or some hybridization of the two. However, selection of the proper research method can be complex and time-consuming, and use of the incorrect method can result in wasted funding and useless data. Very few studies have been recently …
Influence Of Environmental Conditions On Fatty Acid-Induced Changes In Vibrio Cholerae Persistence And Pathogenicity, Abigail Doyle
Influence Of Environmental Conditions On Fatty Acid-Induced Changes In Vibrio Cholerae Persistence And Pathogenicity, Abigail Doyle
Honors Theses
Vibrio cholerae, a Gram-negative bacterium, is responsible for the acute intestinal infection known as cholera. This illness is due in part to V. cholerae’s ability to sense and adapt to changing environments as it is ingested into the human body from brackish environments. It was shown in recent studies that this bacteria has the ability to uptake exogenous fatty acids, resulting in changes to V. cholerae persistence and pathogenicity. The aim of this research is to determine the extent to which these additional exogenous UFAs influence the persistence and pathogenicity of V. cholerae throughout its transitional period from brackish environments …
Exploring The Potential For Rare And Common Borodinia Species To Acclimate To Change, Garrett Allen
Exploring The Potential For Rare And Common Borodinia Species To Acclimate To Change, Garrett Allen
Honors Theses
An important ecological question that remains unanswered is why some species are rare while others are common. Because the natural world is dynamic, in order to persist, species must successfully respond to the environmental changes they experience. The ability to be plastic may be especially important to the survival of species in the face of rapid environmental change because such quick change does not offer species time to migrate or adapt. Consequently, differential plasticity between rare and common species, with rare species possessing less plasticity than common species, could help explain the differing successes of persisting in a large geographic …
Edge Effects And Diversity Of Understory And Canopy Cloud Forest Beetles, Mallory Barbier
Edge Effects And Diversity Of Understory And Canopy Cloud Forest Beetles, Mallory Barbier
Honors Theses
Habitat fragmentation results in edge effects— changes in diversity and community composition along high-contrast forest edges. To date, a study of edge effects on beetle diversity has not been performed in tropical cloud forests, and few studies compare communities at both understory and canopy levels. Using bottle traps, I sampled canopy and understory beetle communities in a tropical lower montane cloud forest of Monteverde, Costa Rica across three distances (edge- 15 m, middle- 100 m, far- 205 m) along an edge-to-interior transect into the forest. According to the Shannon-Weiner diversity index, the site with the most diversity was the middle …
Preparation Of Organometallic Cobalt(Iii) Complexes Containing Bidentate Chiral Amine Ligands As Potential Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts, Luccas C. Do Carmo
Preparation Of Organometallic Cobalt(Iii) Complexes Containing Bidentate Chiral Amine Ligands As Potential Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts, Luccas C. Do Carmo
Honors Theses
Mixed coordination sphere cobalt(III) complexes containing a chiral bidentate amine ligand and an organic carbocyclic ligand have been prepared and characterized. The integration of this mixed ligand environment involving an organometallic and Werner-type ligand along with the earth abundant metal in a high oxidation state has the potential for interesting reactivity. Complexes of the type [Co(CpR)(X-DPEN)(I)](I), where CpR = cyclopentadienyl (Cp, R = H) or pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*, R = Me) and X = meso-1,2-, 1R,2R-, and 1S,2S-, have been prepared by ligand substitution from [Co(CpR)(I)2(CO)] with 1,2-diphenyletheylenediamine (DPEN). The outer sphere iodide is readily exchangeable with sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBArF) or …
Active Colloid Behavior Exhibiting Soft-Sphere Characteristics For Non-Newtonian Solvent, Courtney Baier
Active Colloid Behavior Exhibiting Soft-Sphere Characteristics For Non-Newtonian Solvent, Courtney Baier
Honors Theses
The purpose of analyzing soft-sphere Brownian particles with varying velocities and densities is to be able to predict their interaction behavior once a force has been applied. The particles portray different behaviors depending on if the particles are passive or active Brownian particles. The data studied was collected from simulations, and there are no attractive forces involved in the particles’ interactions. Mean square displacement graphs, radial distribution graphs, structure factor graphs, and viscosity as a function of density and velocity were used to examine and compare the data generated. Experimental data was analyzed by a program to be interpreted into …
Lipid Modification In Aeromonas Salmonicida Through Exogenous Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Incorporation, Rachel Hofer
Lipid Modification In Aeromonas Salmonicida Through Exogenous Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Incorporation, Rachel Hofer
Honors Theses
Aeromonas salmonicida is a Gram-negative bacterium that can infect a wide host range of fish populations, including salmonids and non-salmonids as well as freshwater and marine life. A. salmonicida causes the disease furunculosis, which can cause lethargy, intestinal inflammation, ulcers, hemorrhaging, and death. The infection is spread through fish-to-fish contact, and the presence of infection can have devastating effects on cultivated fish populations. The purpose of this study was to explore the ability of A. salmonicida to incorporate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into its lipid profile and test the phenotypic effects thereof. A. salmonicida cultures were grown in minimal media …
Theoretical Studies Of Naphthoquinone Reactivity Toward Amines, Kevin Lee
Theoretical Studies Of Naphthoquinone Reactivity Toward Amines, Kevin Lee
Honors Theses
Quinones are a class of organic compounds containing a six-membered unsaturated cyclic ring with two carbonyl groups and are biologically relevant due to their ability to participate in redox reactions. Experiments have showed that quinones can induce protein modifications including oligomerization and polymerization by binding to proteins. To complement these experimental studies, theoretical studies of naphthoquinone reactivity toward an amino group were conducted. The reactions between three naphthoquinones, 1,2-naphthoquinone (ONQ), 1,4-naphthoquinone (PNQ), and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (HNQ), and methylamine, a N-containing nucleophile, were investigated. For each naphthoquinone, the first step of both 1,2- and 1,4-additions at all possible C=O positions were examined. …
Cigarette Litter Leachates: A Statistical Study Of Elements In Freshwater And Saltwater, Cintly Guzman Hernandez
Cigarette Litter Leachates: A Statistical Study Of Elements In Freshwater And Saltwater, Cintly Guzman Hernandez
Honors Theses
Cigarette butts are the most common item found in coastal litter cleanups as approximately 4.5 trillion smoked cigarette butts are discarded into the environment every year. Cigarette butts can leach toxic heavy metals and nicotine along with other compounds from tobacco combustion. Past research in our lab has analyzed elements leached from cigarette butts into freshwater. The cigarette butts consisted of smoked and unsmoked butts that were soaked varying periods of time, and at different pH levels to identify the relationship of these variables to the amount of metal leached. The elements analyzed were Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, …
The Intersection Of Literacy And Digital Literacy: Incorporating Writing Standards With Computer Technology Standards, Grace Mcpherson
The Intersection Of Literacy And Digital Literacy: Incorporating Writing Standards With Computer Technology Standards, Grace Mcpherson
Honors Theses
This project aims to increase access to computer science/computer technology education by providing teachers resources to enable them to teach computer science/computer technology. A survey was taken to discover the interests and needs of teachers in Hamilton County, Tennessee. The project resulted in the creation of several lesson plans that integrate English and computer science through hands-on web development exercises, computational thinking opportunities, and critical thinking.
Quantifying The Effect Of Dietary Restriction On Lifespans In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Kathryn Rouse
Quantifying The Effect Of Dietary Restriction On Lifespans In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Kathryn Rouse
Honors Theses
Dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan in many organisms. The effect of DR is best studied in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; however, previous studies of the DR effect on yeast lifespan tend to be qualitative. Here, we quantitatively study the effect of DR on lifespan for a selection of gene deletions in a 168-strain set of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lifespans of these yeast mutants were measured in YPD with 2% glucose and 0.05% glucose conditions. To quantify the aging process and its influence by DR, we fit yeast lifespan data with a three-parameter network aging model that is informative of the …
Evaluation Of Blight Resistance In Chestnut F2 Half-Sibling And Full-Sibling Families Via Small Stem Assay, Kevin Gentner
Evaluation Of Blight Resistance In Chestnut F2 Half-Sibling And Full-Sibling Families Via Small Stem Assay, Kevin Gentner
Honors Theses
In 1904, Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent for chestnut blight, was imported into North America on chestnut nursery stock from China. Fifty-five years later, nearly all full-grown wild American chestnut trees (Castanea dentata) were dead. A century of work has been put into restoring the American chestnut to its rightful place among the forest canopy. Since the 1980s, The American Chestnut Foundation has pursued backcross breeding to introgress blight resistance into C. dentata from the resistant Chinese species (C. mollissima), and has used progeny testing to make predictions about parental resistance in B3F2 chestnuts. We performed a small stem assay …
Changes In Ant Biodiversity Across An Urban Gradient, Hao Brooks
Changes In Ant Biodiversity Across An Urban Gradient, Hao Brooks
Honors Theses
There are two aims to this study: compare diversity across an urban gradient and across seasons. We deployed traps and identified the collected 12 ant species at nine different sites centered at Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the purpose of relating levels of urbanization to the diversity of ant species at each site. We successfully sampled in the summer (June 27, 2017) and spring (March 31, 2018), and unsuccessfully sampled in winter (Feb. 16, 2018) when we collected zero ants, likely due to cold soil temperatures. To quantify “urbanization” we divided the sites into “Urban” core verses surrounding “Suburban” area using a …
Characterization Of Metamorphic Zones In The Tennessee Blue Ridge Using Gis And Digital Imaging Processing, Hayley Beitel
Characterization Of Metamorphic Zones In The Tennessee Blue Ridge Using Gis And Digital Imaging Processing, Hayley Beitel
Honors Theses
The origin of metamorphic zones of the Blue Ridge is attributed to metamorphic events that affected sedimentary rocks of debated age, leading the topic to be controversial and continuously studied. The present study seeks to refine the metamorphic isograds of the Tennessee Blue Ridge based on Barrovian index minerals in pelitic rocks and the texture patterns these pelitic rocks present. Methods used in the present study are supported by conventional petrography, powder X-ray diffraction, and by GIS and digital image processing. Metamorphic isograds in the Blue Ridge have been determined mainly by identification of index minerals using a polarizing petrographic …
Sds-Page Analysis Of Modified Lysozyme By Substituted Benzoquinones And Naphthoquinones, Neethu Kurien
Sds-Page Analysis Of Modified Lysozyme By Substituted Benzoquinones And Naphthoquinones, Neethu Kurien
Honors Theses
Quinones are molecules that are commonly found in the environment, as cofactors for proteins or an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. However, quinones also can come from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as their metabolites, harming cellular integrity. In this study, we investigated protein modification of lysozyme in the presence of substituted benzoquinones and naphthoquinones. To simulate physiological conditions, all reactions used phosphate buffer (50.0 mM). While the majority of the experiments were performed at 37 C and pH 7.0, there were also temperature dependence (27 C and 42 C) and pH dependence (6.0 and 8.0) reactions included. SDS-PAGE …
Implementing Early Screening Methods To Detect Resistance To Phytophthora Cinnamomi In Backcross Chinese-American Chestnut Hybrids, Kirsten Hein
Honors Theses
Phytophthora root rot (PRR), caused by the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands., is one of the two greatest obstacles to survival of American chestnut (Castanea dentata Borkh.). The other is chestnut blight, caused by the ascomycete Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr. Developing early and reliable PRR screening methods can facilitate the efficient introgression of PRR resistance from Chinese chestnut (C. mollissima Blume.) into the populations of potentially chestnut blight resistant trees currently under development by The American Chestnut Foundation (TACF). This study tests the efficacy of a method for early identification of PRR-resistant hybrid chestnuts in a greenhouse/nursery setting. The chestnut blight …
Phospholipid Membrane Remodeling Through Exogenous Fatty Acid Incorporation In Certain Bacterial Species, Josh Herndon
Phospholipid Membrane Remodeling Through Exogenous Fatty Acid Incorporation In Certain Bacterial Species, Josh Herndon
Honors Theses
Multi-drug resistant bacteria have become problematic in healthcare settings. Recent studies have documented the ability of some bacteria, such as Vibrio species, to assimilate exogenous fatty acids into their membrane phospholipids. Therefore, the current research was performed to determine whether the three virulent, multi-drug resistant bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli can remodel their cell membranes following exposure to a range of exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Furthermore, we hypothesized that PUFAs would influence phenotypes associated with growth and virulence. Extracted phospholipids were examined by UPLC/MS analysis to confirm assimilation of exogenous PUFAs into the bacterial phospholipids. A. …
An Explicit Formula For Dirichlet's L-Function, Shannon Michele Hyder
An Explicit Formula For Dirichlet's L-Function, Shannon Michele Hyder
Honors Theses
The Riemann zeta function has a deep connection to the distribution of primes. In 1911 Landau proved that, an explicit formula where ρ = β + iγ denotes a complex zero of the zeta function and Λ(x) is an extension of the usual von Mangoldt function, so that Λ(x) = log p if x is a positive integral power of a prime p and Λ(x) = 0 for all other real values of x. Landau’s remarkable explicit formula lacks uniformity in x and therefore has limited applications to the theory of the zeta function. In 1993 Gonek proved a version …
Conservation And Collection Of Castanea Dentata Germplasm In The South, Trent Deason
Conservation And Collection Of Castanea Dentata Germplasm In The South, Trent Deason
Honors Theses
The American chestnut, Castanea dentata, has been devastated by the exotic invasive pathogens Cryphonectria parasitica and Phytophthora cinnamomi to which it has no resistance. The American Chestnut Foundation (TACF) has developed an interspecific backcross breeding program to introgress disease resistance from Asian chestnut species, primarily Castanea mollissima, into C. dentata hybrid populations. The genetic base of this program can be expanded by utilizing vegetative propagation through grafting in order to collect and conserve American chestnut individuals not amenable to traditional breeding. As the majority of the surviving American chestnuts are confined to the understory, they are shaded out by the …
Parental Care, Offspring Abandonment, And Filial Cannibalism, Mackenzie Davenport
Parental Care, Offspring Abandonment, And Filial Cannibalism, Mackenzie Davenport
Honors Theses
Parental care is a fundamental life-history trait that is found in many animals (reviewed in Royle et al. 2012). Parental care can include behaviors such as egg cleaning (Knouft et al. 2003), egg guarding (Royle et al. 2012, pg. 4), egg provisioning (Simmons & Parker 1989; Hilker & Meiners 2002; Royle et al. 2012, pg. 2), and oviposition-site selection (Refsnider & Janzen 2010). Such forms of parental care typically result in the spatial clumping of parents and their offspring. This often leads to density effects on within-clutch egg mortality, meaning that when within-clutch egg density increases, egg mortality also increases. …
A Biotic Survey Of Outcroppings And Pinctada Longisquamosa In Oyster Pond, San Salvador Island, Bahamas, One Year After Hurricane Joaquin, Ashton Selah Mitchell
A Biotic Survey Of Outcroppings And Pinctada Longisquamosa In Oyster Pond, San Salvador Island, Bahamas, One Year After Hurricane Joaquin, Ashton Selah Mitchell
Honors Theses
Oyster Pond is one of the marine inland ponds located on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Oyster Pond has connections to the ocean through a series of conduits in the pond, which cause the salinity of the pond to be marine pond, except after a hurricane and during a drought. Oyster Pond has a variety of marine life such as algae, small fish, and invertebrates occurring in mangroves, flocculent, conduits, and biotic outcroppings. The focus of this research was to evaluate the impact of the 2015 Hurricane Joaquin (17 months later) on water chemistry and the marine life of the biotic …
Predicting The Author Of Twitter Posts With Markov Chain Analysis, Daniel Freeman
Predicting The Author Of Twitter Posts With Markov Chain Analysis, Daniel Freeman
Honors Theses
Given a set of text with known authors, is it possible to take new text, not knowing who wrote it, and correctly identify the author? One way to do this is to analyze the text using Markov chains. This research project will first attempt to answer this question using books available in the public domain. Using what is learned from trying to identify authors of books, the primary goal of this project is to identify the best way to guess the author of a post on the social media network Twitter using Markov chains.
Developmental Steroids And Vitamins: Identified And Quantified In Predatory Lady Beetles, Andrea Hixson
Developmental Steroids And Vitamins: Identified And Quantified In Predatory Lady Beetles, Andrea Hixson
Honors Theses
Autumn brings ladybeetles into homes to seek shelter during the winter, which is a nuisance. Their bites may induce an allergic reaction resulting in painful rashes. Predatory ladybeetles have been used as a biological control agents. Not only do they feed on ecological pests, they also feed on the saps of ripe fruits reducing the value of the damaged crop. Two species of ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) will be examined to determine the quantities of steroids and vitamins used throughout their life stages. The species examined are native, Hippodamia convergens, of North America, and an invasive, Harmonia axyridis, of Asia. The …
Statistical Linear Mixed Models For Evaluation Of Training Program In Hand Surgery Chief Residents, Zoe Michelle Ross
Statistical Linear Mixed Models For Evaluation Of Training Program In Hand Surgery Chief Residents, Zoe Michelle Ross
Honors Theses
Resident clinics (RCs) are intended to catalyze the achievement of educational milestones through progressively autonomous patient care. However, few studies quantify their effect on competency-based surgical education, and no previous publications focus on hand surgery RCs. This study aims to use statistical theories and knowledge of descriptive statistics and inference statistics, such as confidence intervals, two sample t-tests, correlation and association tests, as well as statistical model building such as analysis of variance with random effects and mixed linear models. We hypothesize that the higher a resident’s training years, the higher the autonomy score (quality of surgery) will be. We …
An Analysis Of Prevalence Of Chytrid Fungus In An Amphibian Assemblage In Middle Tennessee, Cameron Brocco
An Analysis Of Prevalence Of Chytrid Fungus In An Amphibian Assemblage In Middle Tennessee, Cameron Brocco
Honors Theses
Chytridiomycosis is an infectious, fungal disease largely seen in amphibians, which is caused by the highly virulent, zoosporic, pathogenic, single-celled fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). It is known to cause epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, skin ulcerations, and fatalities by asystolic cardiac arrest either from shifts in electrolytes or increased acidity in the blood plasma. Previous research has demonstrated that urban water bodies have a higher prevalence of chytrid fungus than rural water bodies. Researchers have also found that chytrid is more prevalent in open canopy habitats than closed canopy habitats. Furthermore, it is implicated in global population declines and local extinctions in …
Effectiveness Of Conservation Education At The Chattanooga Zoo, Luke Allen Black
Effectiveness Of Conservation Education At The Chattanooga Zoo, Luke Allen Black
Honors Theses
Conservation is the central focus of many modern zoos and aquariums. These zoos incorporate guest education to facilitate a connection between zoo guests and animal conservation. I conducted a study at the Chattanooga Zoo and the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga which examined two modern zoo education approaches. The two approaches utilized in the study are currently used in keeper chats at the Chattanooga Zoo. The first approach is an emotional appeal (an appeal to the personalities of the chimps at the zoo) and the second approach is a utilization of a take-action initiative (recycling cell phones to reduce mining …
The Effects Of E-Cigarette Exposure On Cell Viability And Gene Expression, Christine Hale
The Effects Of E-Cigarette Exposure On Cell Viability And Gene Expression, Christine Hale
Honors Theses
Marketed as a safer alternative to tobacco products, the popularity of e-cigarette use is on the rise. However, little is known about the potential health risks associated with their use. Many e-cigarette filling solutions are known to contain significant levels of tobacco alkaloids, including nicotine, anabasine, myosmine and cotinine. Using a panel of lung cell cultures distinguished by differences in sex and disease status, this study addresses the in vitro effects of common tobacco alkaloids found in e-cigarettes on cell proliferation and gene expression. We hypothesize that alkaloid exposure of lung cells is associated with abnormal proliferation and gene expression, …
Octahedral Ruthenium(Ii) Complexes For C-H Bond Activation And Olefin Hydroarylation, Patrick Z. Zdunek
Octahedral Ruthenium(Ii) Complexes For C-H Bond Activation And Olefin Hydroarylation, Patrick Z. Zdunek
Honors Theses
The study of inert C-H bond activation of hydrocarbons has been gaining interest. As these hydrocarbons are used in the production of many consumables such as fuel, plastics, and detergents, it is necessary to efficiently utilize the finite quantity of petroleum feedstocks. Transition metal complexes are incorporated as catalysts into synthetic routes to create new C-X (X = C, N, O) bonds in order to increase the chemical value of organic molecules. The complex [Ru(η6-p-cymene){P(OCH2CF3)3}(Ph)(OTf)] (1) (P{OCH2CF3}3 = tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphite, Ph = phenyl, OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate) was prepared and tested for functionality as a catalyst in olefin hydroarylation. Catalytic reactions …
Fluorescence And Uv-Vis Studies Of Quinone-Induced Protein Modifications, Charles A. Thomas Jr
Fluorescence And Uv-Vis Studies Of Quinone-Induced Protein Modifications, Charles A. Thomas Jr
Honors Theses
Quinones are the metabolites of a class of chemicals known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These chemicals have been found to be toxic in the environment, especially when interacting with certain proteins. In this study, we investigated the modification of Lysozyme and Ribonuclease A by a series of benzoquinones as well as few naphthoquinones. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to measure the degree of modification of Lysozyme and Ribonuclease A when incubated with quinones at differing concentrations and for various times. All reactions, unless noted, were carried out in a phosphate buffer (pH=7.0) at 37°C to mimic physiological conditions. The fluorescence intensity …