Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Indicators Of Climate Change In The Northeast 2005, Adam Markham, Cameron P. Wake

The Sustainability Institute Publications

Climate changes. It always has and always will. What is unique in modern times is that human activities are now a significant factor causing climate to change. This is evident in the recent rise in key greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), in the atmosphere, and in the recent increase in global temperatures in the lower atmosphere and in the surface ocean.

The evidence presented in this report clearly illustrates that climate in New England is also changing. Over the past 100 years, and especially the last 30 years, all of the climate change indicators for the region reveal …

Geocoder: An Efficient Backscatter Map Constructor, Luciano E. Fonseca, Brian R. Calder

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The acoustic backscatter acquired by multibeam and sidescan sonars carries important information about the seafloor morphology and physical properties, providing valuable data to aid the difficult task of seafloor characterization, and important auxiliary information for a bathymetric survey. One necessary step towards this characterization is the assemblage of more consistent and more accurate mosaics of acoustic backscatter. For that, it is necessary to radiometrically correct the backscatter intensities registered by these sonars, to geometrically correct and position each acoustic sample in a projection coordinate system and to interpolate properly the intensity values into a final backscatter map. Geocoder is a …

Investigation Of Bottom Fishing Impacts On Benthic Structure Using Multibeam Sonar, Sidescan And Video, Mashkoor A. Malik, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Bottom fishing gear is known to alter benthic structure, however changes in the shape of the sea floor are often too subtle to be detected by acoustic remote sensing. Nonetheless, long linear features were observed during a recent high-resolution multibeam sonar survey of Jeffreys Ledge, a prominent fishing ground in Gulf of Maine, located about 50 km from Portsmouth, NH. These marks, which have a relief of only few centimeters, are presumed to be caused by bottom dredging gear used in the area for scallop and clam fisheries. The extraction of these small features from a noisy data set (including …

Panoramic Images For Situational Awareness In A 3d Chart-Of-The-Future Display, Matthew D. Plumlee, Colin Ware, Roland J. Arsenault, Rick Brennan

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Many early charts featured sketches of the coastline, providing a good picture of what the shore looked like from the bridge of a ship. These helped the mariner to distinguish one port from another during an approach and establish their rough position within that approach. More recent experimental 3D chart interfaces have incorporated 3D models of land topography and man-made structures to perform the same function. However, topography is typically captured from the air, by means of stereophotogrammetry or lidar and fails to present a good representation of what is seen from a vessel’s bridge. We have been conducting an …

Multi-Dimensional, Multi-National, Multi-Faceted Hydrographic Training: The Nippon Foundation Gebco Training Program At The University Of New Hampshire, Dave Monahan, Clive Angwenyi, Hugo Montoro, Taisei Morishita, Abubakar Mustapha, Walter Reynoso Peralta, Shereen Sharma, Srinivas Karlapati

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Hydrographic training entered a new era when students arrived at the University of New Hampshire in August of 2004 to form the first class of the Nippon Foundation GEBCO (General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans) training program. Born out of the need to replenish GEBCO’s aging human material, and of the desire to spread deep ocean mapping capabilities more widely throughout the world, the program attracted applications from 57 students in over thirty countries. The seven selected each had post graduate training and several years experience, but differed in that three were hydrographers, two geologists and two oceanographers. Classes planned …

Empirical Analysis Of Aerial Camera Filters For Shoreline Mapping, Christopher Parrish, Maryellen Sault, Stephen A. White, Jon Sellars

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Accurate, up-to-date national shoreline is critical in defining the territorial limits of the Unites States, updating nautical charts, and managing coastal resources. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) delineates the interpreted shoreline photogrammetrically using tide-coordinated stereo photography acquired with black-and-white infrared emulsion. In this paper, we present the results of a two-phased study aimed at quantifying the effect of camera filter selection on the interpreted shoreline when utilizing this method of shoreline mapping.

U.S. Law Of The Sea Cruise To Map The Foot Of The Slope And 2500-M Isobath Of The U.S. Arctic Ocean Margin. Cruise Report For 2004, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

U.S. Law of the Sea cruise to map the foot of the slope and 2500-m isobath of the US Arctic Ocean margin

CRUISES HE-0405

October 6 to October 26, 2004

Nome, AK to Barrow, AK

Atmospheric Neutron Measurements With The Sontrac Science Model, U Bravar, E O. Fluckiger, Kevin Godin, Zachary C. Hansen, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, R S. Miller, M R. Moser, James M. Ryan

Space Science Center

–The SOlar Neutron TRACking (SONTRAC) telescope was originally developed to measure the energy spectrum and incident direction of neutrons produced in solar flares, in the energy range 20 - 250 MeV. While developed primarily for solar physics, the SONTRAC detector may be employed in virtually any application requiring both energy measurement and imaging capabilities. The SONTRAC Science Model (SM) is presently being operated at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) as a ground-based instrument to investigate the energy spectrum, zenith and azimuth angle dependence of the cosmic-ray induced sea-level atmospheric neutron flux. SONTRAC measurements are based on the non-relativistic double …

In-Situ Calorimetric Measurements For Space Exploration, Charles Hays, Shawna M. Hollen, M. Barmatz, Talso Chui

Physics & Astronomy

No abstract provided.

Plasmoid In The High Latitude Boundary/Cusp Region Observed By Cluster, Q. G. Zong, T. A. Fritz, Harlan E. Spence, H. Zhang, Z. Y. Huang, Z. Y. Pu, K. Glassmeier, A. Korth, P. W. Daly, A. Balogh, H. Reme

Physics & Astronomy

[1] A plasmoid-like structure without a core magnetic field has been observed by Cluster spacecraft in the high latitude magnetopause region when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is northward and has a dominant duskward component. Bursty electrons and ions are found to be well confined in this plasmoid-like structure. The structure possesses a bipolar signature in the BN component. The structure is associated with a dramatic change of the plasma flow direction from tailward to dawnward. The plasma density in this structure is slightly enhanced whereas the ion temperature is twice as large as that of the ambient plasma. The …

Continued Studies Of Single-Sided Charge-Sharing Czt Strip Detectors, B Donmez, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, James M. Ryan, Mark Widholm, L A. Hamel, T Narita

Space Science Center

In this paper, we report progress in the study of thick single-sided charge-sharing cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) strip detector modules designed to perform gammaray spectroscopy and 3-D imaging. We report on continuing laboratory and simulation measurements of prototype detectors with 11×11 unit cells (15×15×7.5mm3 ). We report preliminary measurements of the 3-D spatial resolution. Our studies are aimed at developing compact, efficient, detector modules for 0.05 to 1 MeV gamma measurements while minimizing the number and complexity of the electronic readout channels. This is particularly important in space-based coded aperture and Compton telescope instruments that require large area, large volume …

Development Of The Fast Neutron Imaging Telescope, U Bravar, P J. Bruillard, E O. Fluckiger, John R. Macri, A L. Mackinnon, Mark L. Mcconnell, M R. Moser, James M. Ryan, R S. Woolf

Space Science Center

We report on the development of a next generation neutron telescope, with imaging and energy measurement capabilities, sensitive to neutrons in the 2-20 MeV energy range. The Fast Neutron Imaging Telescope (FNIT) was initially conceived to study solar neutrons as a candidate instrument for the Inner Heliosphere Sentinels (IHS) program under formulation at NASA. This detector is now being adapted to locate Special Nuclear Material (SNM) for homeland security purposes by detecting fission neutrons and reconstructing the image of their source. In either case, the detection principle is based on multiple elastic neutron-proton scatterings in organic scintillator. By reconstructing the …

A Hard X-Ray Polarimeter Designed For Transient Astrophysical Sources, Mark L. Mcconnell, Peter F. Bloser, Jason S. Legere, John R. Macri, T Narita

Space Science Center

— This paper discusses the latest progress in the development of GRAPE (Gamma-Ray Polarimeter Experiment), a hard X-ray Compton Polarimeter. The purpose of GRAPE is to measure the polarization of hard X-rays in the 50-300 keV energy range. We are particularly interested in X-rays that are emitted from solar flares and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Accurately measuring the polarization of the emitted radiation from these sources will lead, to a better understating of both the emission mechanisms and source geometries. The GRAPE design consists of an array of plastic scintillators surrounding a central high-Z crystal scintillator. We can monitor individual Compton …

On The Optimization Of Visualizations Of Complex Phenomena, Donald H. House, Althea D. Bair, Colin Ware

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The problem of perceptually optimizing complex visualizations is a difficult one, involving perceptual as well as aesthetic issues. In our experience, controlled experiments are quite limited in their ability to uncover interrelationships among visualization parameters, and thus may not be the most useful way to develop rules-of-thumb or theory to guide the production of high-quality visualizations. In this paper, we propose a new experimental approach to optimizing visualization quality that integrates some of the strong points of controlled experiments with methods more suited to investigating complex highly-coupled phenomena. We use human-in-the-loop experiments to search through visualization parameter space, generating large …

Mapping Near-Surface Gas With Acoustic Remote Sensing Methods, Examples From Eel River Margin, Ca And Skjalfandi Bay, Iceland, Luciano E. Fonseca, Larry A. Mayer

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

New Views Of The Gulf Of Alaska Margin Mapped For Unclos Applications, Larry A. Mayer, James V. Gardner, Andy Armstrong, Brian R. Calder, Mashkoor A. Malik, Clive Angwenyi, Srinivas Karlapati, Hugo Montoro, Taisei Morishita, Abubakar Mustapha

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

Virtuous Globalization: A Dialogue For The University Of New Hampshire Discovery Program, Tom Kelly

The University Dialogue

No abstract provided.

Globalization, Ecological Security, And The Sustainability Of Human Societies, Mimi Larsen Becker

The University Dialogue

No abstract provided.

Why Isn't Globalization As Good For People As Its Marketed Image Suggests It Is?, Filson H. Glanz

The University Dialogue

No abstract provided.