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Articles 1 - 30 of 163
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
College Of Engineering Senior Design Competition Fall 2013, University Of Nevada, Las Vegas
College Of Engineering Senior Design Competition Fall 2013, University Of Nevada, Las Vegas
Fred and Harriet Cox Senior Design Competition Projects
Part of every UNLV engineering student’s academic experience, the senior design project stimulates engineering innovation and entrepreneurship. Each student in their senior year chooses, plans, designs, and prototypes a product in this required element of the curriculum. A capstone to the student’s educational career, the senior design project encourages the student to use everything learned in the engineering program to create a practical, real world solution to an engineering challenge. The senior design competition helps focus the senior students in increasing the quality and potential for commercial application for their design projects. Judges from local industry evaluate the projects on …
Assessing Different Zeolitic Adsorbents For Their Potential Use In Kr And Xe Separation, Breetha Alagappan
Assessing Different Zeolitic Adsorbents For Their Potential Use In Kr And Xe Separation, Breetha Alagappan
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Separation of Kr from Xe is an important problem in spent nuclear fuel fission gas management. The energy intensive and expensive cryogenic distillation method is currently used to separate these gases. In this thesis, we have carried out the research into appropriate sorbents for the separation of Kr and Xe using pressure swing adsorption. We have examined zeolites using gas adsorption studies as they have the potential to be more cost effective than other sorbents. Zeolites are microporous aluminosilicates and have ordered pore structures. The pores in zeolites have extra-framework cations are substantially free to move. The mobility of cations …
Temperature Trends And Urban Heat Island Intensity Mapping Of The Las Vegas Valley, Adam Leland Black
Temperature Trends And Urban Heat Island Intensity Mapping Of The Las Vegas Valley, Adam Leland Black
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Modified urban climate regions that are warmer than rural areas at night are referred to as Urban Heat Islands or UHI. Islands of warmer air over a city can be 12 degrees Celsius greater than the surrounding cooler air. The exponential growth in Las Vegas for the last two decades provides an opportunity to detect gradual temperature changes influenced by an increasing presence of urban materials. This thesis compares ground based thermometric observations and satellite based remote sensing temperature observations to identify temperature trends and UHI areas caused by urban development.
Analysis of temperature trends between 2000 and 2010 at …
Impacts Of Climate Changes On The Spatiotemporal Distribution Of Precipitation In The Western United States, Peng Jiang
Impacts Of Climate Changes On The Spatiotemporal Distribution Of Precipitation In The Western United States, Peng Jiang
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Precipitation in the Intermountain West is characterized by its great variability in both spatial and temporal distributions. Moreover, the spatiotemporal distribution of the precipitation is changing due to the climate changes. In this dissertation, three studies are conducted to investigate the multi-scale temporal variability of precipitation, the performance of current climate models on this variability, the influence of large-scale ocean oscillations on heavy precipitation, and the impact of human induced global warming on storm properties.
The first study is to examine the performance of current climate models on the simulation of the multi-scale temporal variability determined from the observed station …
Factors Associated With Parental Decision Making And Childhood Vaccination, Zuwen Qiu-Shultz
Factors Associated With Parental Decision Making And Childhood Vaccination, Zuwen Qiu-Shultz
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
In order to better understand factors affecting immunization status, logistic regression was used to assess the association of various socio-demographic factors and whether parents would have their child immunized if not a state mandate. Factors included in the study were race, household income, number of children in the household, number of adults in the household, if the child had a primary provider, if the child had a health check-up in the last twelve months, and medical insurance status of the child. The combined Nevada Kindergarten Health Survey Result of 2009-2010 (Year Two) and 2010-2011 (Year Three) conducted by the Nevada …
Pennsylvanian To Cretaceous Folds And Thrusts In South-Central Nevada: Evidence From The Timpahute Range, Angela Giovanna Russo
Pennsylvanian To Cretaceous Folds And Thrusts In South-Central Nevada: Evidence From The Timpahute Range, Angela Giovanna Russo
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Understanding Permian and Mesozoic contractional structures from southern California to northern Nevada requires correlation through south-central Nevada. After the Devonian-Mississippian Antler orogeny through the Permian-Triassic Sonoma orogeny and then up to the Sevier orogeny, south-central Nevada was thought to have remained tectonically inactive. However, Pennsylvanian through Jurassic age deformation is documented to the south in Death Valley and to the north. Identifying geometries, spatial relationships, and relative timing of deformations in the Timpahute Range, south-central Nevada, is an essential piece to completing the overall understanding of Nevada geology. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze deformational structures …
The Water Wall: A Passive Solar Collection And Thermal Storage Device For Supplementary Radiant Heating, Rhett Roman Noseck
The Water Wall: A Passive Solar Collection And Thermal Storage Device For Supplementary Radiant Heating, Rhett Roman Noseck
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Through the implementation of passive solar building systems, suburbia could take a fresh new step forward toward a progressively more sustainable direction. Making passive solar strategies a priority, master planned community developments would see opportunity to change the style and design of future suburban residences.
The focus and intention of this body of work is to research, design, fabricate, and test a prototype of a passive solar heating device using water as the medium for thermal storage. The size and shape of the design for the water wall device will be determined by the currently built suburban environment; however, for …
Evaluation Of Alternative Project Delivery Methods In Water And Wastewater Projects, Ruiko Maharjan
Evaluation Of Alternative Project Delivery Methods In Water And Wastewater Projects, Ruiko Maharjan
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The United States (U.S.) is facing significant challenges in addressing aging water infrastructure. Most of the drinking water infrastructure is reaching the end of their useful lives. The American Water Works Association (AWWA) estimated that it will cost about $1 trillion to repair or replace drinking water pipes. Over the next 20 years, it will cost about $298 billion to fix or expand pipes of the nation's wastewater and storm-water systems (AWWA, 2012). Owners, engineers, and contractors are using Alternative Project Delivery (APD) methods - e.g., Design-Build Construction Management-at-Risk Construction Management/General Contractor- to build water and wastewater projects in order …
A Survey On Detection And Defense Of Application Layer Ddos Attacks, Naga Shalini Vadlamani
A Survey On Detection And Defense Of Application Layer Ddos Attacks, Naga Shalini Vadlamani
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
As the time is passing on, the effect of DDoS attacks on Internet security is growing tremendously. Within a very little span there is a huge increase in the size and frequency of DDoS attacks. With the new technologies and new techniques, the attackers are finding more sophisticated ways to attack the servers. In this situation, it is necessary to come up with various mechanisms to detect and defend these DDoS attacks and protect the servers from the attackers. Many researches have been carried out to detect the DDoS attack traffic in transport layer, which is more vulnerable to DDoS …
Assessing Growth Response To Climate Controls In A Great Basin Artemisia Tridentata Plant Community, Lorenzo F. Apodaca
Assessing Growth Response To Climate Controls In A Great Basin Artemisia Tridentata Plant Community, Lorenzo F. Apodaca
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
An assessment of the growth response of key vegetative species to climatic variability is vital to identifying possible local impacts on ecosystems faced with imminent climate change. With current climate projections in Nevada predicting a shift to an even more arid climate with greater year-to-year variability, the imperative exists to identify the effects of specific climatic controls on plant growth and to research methods to assess large-scale vegetative changes, especially in more remote areas where readily available data sets may be lacking. This study utilized annual growth ring indices constructed from big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentatassp.tridentata) stems collected in Spring Valley, …
Comparison Of Mesh And Meshless Methods For Partial Differential Equations Of Galerkin Form, Wallace F. Atterberry
Comparison Of Mesh And Meshless Methods For Partial Differential Equations Of Galerkin Form, Wallace F. Atterberry
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
There are two purposes of this research project. The first purpose is to compare two types of Galerkin methods: The finite element mesh method and moving least sqaures meshless Galerkin (EFG) method. The second purpose of this project is to determine if a hybrid between the mesh and meshless method is beneficial.
This manuscript will be divided into three main parts. The first part is chapter one which develops the finite element method. The second part (Chapter two) will be developing the meshless method. The last part will provide a method for combining the mesh and meshless methods for a …
Object Detection Using Contrast Enhancement And Dynamic Noise Reduction, Justin Lee Baker
Object Detection Using Contrast Enhancement And Dynamic Noise Reduction, Justin Lee Baker
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Edge detection is one of the most important steps a computer must perform to gain understanding of an object in a digital image either from disk or from video feed. Edge detection allows for the computer to describe the shape of the objects in an image and create a pixel boundary defining what is considered part of an object, and what is not. Cannys edge detection algorithm is one of the most robust and accurate of these edge detection algorithms. However, as with many algorithms in image processing, there are many cases where the algorithm does not perform as well …
Criticality And Characteristic Neutronic Analysis Of A Transient-State Shockwave In A Pulsed Spherical Gaseous Uranium-Hexafluoride Reactor, Jeremiah Boles
Criticality And Characteristic Neutronic Analysis Of A Transient-State Shockwave In A Pulsed Spherical Gaseous Uranium-Hexafluoride Reactor, Jeremiah Boles
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The purpose of this study is to analyze the theoretical criticality of a spherical uranium-hexafluoride reactor with a transient, pulsed shockwave emanating from the center of the sphere in an outward-radial direction. This novel nuclear reactor design, based upon pulsed fission in a spherical enclosure is proposed for possible use in direct energy conversion, where the energy from fission products is captured through the use of electrostatic fields or through induction. An analysis of the dynamic behavior of the shockwave in this reactor is the subject of this thesis. As a shockwave travels through a fluid medium, the characteristics of …
Application Of (U-Th)/He And 40ar/39ar Thermochronology To The Age Of Thrust Faulting In The Sevier Orogenic Belt, Michael Giallorenzo
Application Of (U-Th)/He And 40ar/39ar Thermochronology To The Age Of Thrust Faulting In The Sevier Orogenic Belt, Michael Giallorenzo
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The Sevier fold-thrust belt of the Cordilleran orogen in the western United States is a well-studied geologic province, yet our understanding of the history of thrust faulting is still far from complete. Thermochronological methods are applied to major thrust systems from two distinct sections of the Sevier fold-thrust belt (SFTB): the Wheeler Pass thrust in the Mojave Desert section of the southern SFTB, and the Willard thrust in the Idaho-Utah-Wyoming section of the SFTB. The new thermochronological data greatly improve our understanding of the structural evolution of this extensive geologic province.
The zircon (U-Th)/He (ZHe) system records thrust-induced uplift and …
Design And Fabrication Of An Infrared Optical Pyrometer Asic As A Diagnostic For Shock Physics Experiments, Jared Gordon
Design And Fabrication Of An Infrared Optical Pyrometer Asic As A Diagnostic For Shock Physics Experiments, Jared Gordon
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Optical pyrometry is the sensing of thermal radiation emitted from an object using a photoconductive device to convert photons into electrons, and is an important diagnostic tool in shock physics experiments. Data obtained from an optical pyrometer can be used to generate a blackbody curve of the material prior to and after being shocked by a high speed projectile. The sensing element consists of an InGaAs photodiode array, biasing circuitry, and multiple transimpedance amplifiers to boost the weak photocurrent from the noisy dark current into a signal that can eventually be digitized. Once the circuit elements have been defined, more …
The Effects Of Self-Explanation And Reading Questions And Answers On Learning Computer Programming Language, Nancy Lee
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The current study explored the differential effects of two learning strategies, self-explanation and reading questions and answers, on students' test performance in the computer programming language JavaScript. Students' perceptions toward the two strategies as to their effectiveness in learning JavaScript was also explored by examining students' preferred strategy and the reasons for their choice. An online interactive tutorial instruction that implemented worked-examples and multimedia learning principles was developed for this study. A total of 147 high school students (ages ranging from 14 to 17) who were taking a Computer Introduction course participated in this study. The course was offered in …
Nonlinear Adaptive Diffusion Models For Image Denoising, Ajay Kumar Mandava
Nonlinear Adaptive Diffusion Models For Image Denoising, Ajay Kumar Mandava
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Most of digital image applications demand on high image quality. Unfortunately, images often are degraded by noise during the formation, transmission, and recording processes. Hence, image denoising is an essential processing step preceding visual and automated analyses. Image denoising methods can reduce image contrast, create block or ring artifacts in the process of denoising. In this dissertation, we develop high performance non-linear diffusion based image denoising methods, capable to preserve edges and maintain high visual quality. This is attained by different approaches: First, a nonlinear diffusion is presented with robust M-estimators as diffusivity functions. Secondly, the knowledge of textons derived …
A Case Study Of Zero Energy Home Built For Solar Decathlon Competition 2013, Sanjib Mulepati
A Case Study Of Zero Energy Home Built For Solar Decathlon Competition 2013, Sanjib Mulepati
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Energy consumption in residential homes has been a subject of research related to sustainability. Reduction in the consumption of energy is a goal of sustainable construction. The Department of Energy (DOE) started a Solar Decathlon competition in 2002 in which the students from different universities around the globe build an energy efficient and affordable home suitable for their climate and location. The main goal of this competition is to select the best home that is designed and built in a sustainable way. In this study, the home designed and constructed for participation in the competition by the students at University …
Estimation Of Travel Time Based On Vehicle-Tracking Models, Anuj Nayyar
Estimation Of Travel Time Based On Vehicle-Tracking Models, Anuj Nayyar
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
In this thesis we study the travel time problem based on the known traffic density model. Using the conservation law, we model the travel time function by a boundary value problem of a non homogeneous linear hyperbolic equation. The equation is transformed into an initial value hyperbolic equation, and the well-posedness of the problem is discussed. The mathematical analysis for both density and travel problems are given. We also derive the analytic solutions for several special cases of traffic density. Numerical schemes are proposed for solving for travel time problem. Several numerical examples are presented and error analysis on the …
A More General Diffusion Model For Lightning Radiative Transfer, Elliott Paul Saint-Pierre
A More General Diffusion Model For Lightning Radiative Transfer, Elliott Paul Saint-Pierre
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
A more general diffusion model for lightning radiative transfer is presented. The development is based on the work published by Koshak et al (J. Geo. Phys. Res., vol. 99, (D7), 14361-371, (1994). In this thesis, the diffusion coefficient is allowed to vary as a function of the radial component of the cloud and cylindrical geometry is used. Different approximations in the analysis of the resulting radial equation are provided. The method of Frobenius permits the obtention of a complete solution. Possibilities and means for further development of this research are included.
Time-Dependent Random Effect Poisson Random Field Model For Polymorphism Within And Between Two Related Species, Shilei Zhou
Time-Dependent Random Effect Poisson Random Field Model For Polymorphism Within And Between Two Related Species, Shilei Zhou
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Molecular evolution is partially driven by mutation, selection, random genetic drift, or combination of the three factors. To quantify the magnitude of these genetic forces, a previously developed time-dependent fixed effect Poisson random field model provides powerful likelihood and Bayesian estimates of mutation rate, selection coefficient, and species divergence time. The assumption of the fixed effect model that selection intensity is constant within a genetic locus but varies across genes is obviously biologically unrealistic, but it serves the original purpose of making statistical inference about selection and divergence between two related species they are individually at mutation-selection-drift inequilibrium. By relaxing …
On High-Performance Parallel Fixed-Point Decimal Multiplier Designs, Ming Zhu
On High-Performance Parallel Fixed-Point Decimal Multiplier Designs, Ming Zhu
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
High-performance, area-efficient hardware implementation of decimal multiplication is preferred to slow software simulations in a number of key scientific and financial application areas, where errors caused by converting decimal numbers into their approximate binary representations are not acceptable.
Multi-digit parallel decimal multipliers involve two major stages: (i) the partial product generation (PPG) stage, where decimal partial products are determined by selecting the right versions of the pre-computed multiples of the multiplicand, followed by (ii) the partial product accumulation (PPA) stage, where all the partial products are shifted and then added together to obtain the final multiplication product. In this thesis, …
Ichnology And Paleoecology Of The Jurassic Aztec Sandstone, Heather Marie Stoller
Ichnology And Paleoecology Of The Jurassic Aztec Sandstone, Heather Marie Stoller
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
In this study I describe and interpret tracks and trackways of the Jurassic Aztec Sandstone of southern Nevada and southern California. This study involved mapping of all known tracks and trackways, including foot length, stride length, and trackway width. Photogrammetric data, collected by Bureau of Land Management scientists, were utilized for several trackways in Red Rock Canyon National Conservation Area.
More than three hundred tracks belonging to five ichnotaxa were documented within the Aztec Sandstone, including about 165 tridactylGrallator, 250 tetradactyl (four-toed)Brasilichniumtracks, and 7 arthropod trackways ofOctopodichnusandPaleohelcura. Four of the five ichnotaxa were not previously reported from the Aztec Sandstone. …
Application Of Ntru Cryptographic Algorithm For Securing Scada Communication, Amritha Puliadi Premnath
Application Of Ntru Cryptographic Algorithm For Securing Scada Communication, Amritha Puliadi Premnath
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a control system which is widely used in Critical Infrastructure System to monitor and control industrial processes autonomously. Most of the SCADA communication protocols are vulnerable to various types of cyber-related attacks. The currently used security standards for SCADA communication specify the use of asymmetric cryptographic algorithms like RSA or ECC for securing SCADA communications. There are certain performance issues with cryptographic solutions of these specifications when applied to SCADA system with real-time constraints and hardware limitations. To overcome this issue, in this thesis we propose the use of a faster and …
Could A State-Level Carbon Tax Work In The Intermountain West?, Adele C. Morris
Could A State-Level Carbon Tax Work In The Intermountain West?, Adele C. Morris
Brookings Scholar Lecture Series
With the U.S. federal government stuck in partisan gridlock, attention increasingly turns to states and localities for innovative climate solutions. This talk will explore the option for Intermountain West states to tax carbon, including how they could establish a tax base, set price signals, and manage revenue. The presentation will pay special attention to the option of “swapping” a carbon tax for revenue sources that more negatively impact economic growth, such as taxes on business activity. This research will explore the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches and consider the issue of the burdens on lower income households and certain …
3d Modeling And Design Optimization Of Rod Shaped Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuator, Siul A. Ruiz
3d Modeling And Design Optimization Of Rod Shaped Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuator, Siul A. Ruiz
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) are some of the most well-known electro-active polymers. This is due to their large deformation provided a relatively low voltage source. IPMCs have been acknowledged as a potential candidate for biomedical applications such as cardiac catheters and surgical probes; however, there is still no existing mass manufacturing of IPMCs. This study intends to provide a theoretical framework which could be used to design practical purpose IPMCs depending on the end users interest.
This study begins by investigating methodologies used to develop quantify the physical actuation of an IPMC in 3-dimensional space. This approach is taken in …
Estimation Of The Tax Rates Based On Vehicle Miles Traveled Using Stochastic Models, Pratik Verma
Estimation Of The Tax Rates Based On Vehicle Miles Traveled Using Stochastic Models, Pratik Verma
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
In this thesis, we shall study the alternative revenue collection system which is based on the vehicle miles traveled (VMT). In various studies, it has been found that the existing revenue collection system based on gas/fuel tax is not an appropriate option in the longer run. The main reasons include no effective tax process for vehicles based on alternative fuel vehicle, no effective changes in tax due to economical inflation, and more highway expenditure than generated revenue. Our main objective is to estimate the VMT tax rates that should be charged in order to generate same amount of revenue generated …
Study Of A Non-Equilibrium Plasma Pinch With Application For Microwave Generation, Ahmad Al Agry
Study Of A Non-Equilibrium Plasma Pinch With Application For Microwave Generation, Ahmad Al Agry
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The Non-Equilibrium Plasma Pinch (NEPP), also known as the Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) is well known as a source of energetic ions, relativistic electrons and neutrons as well as electromagnetic radiation extending from the infrared to X-ray. In this dissertation, the operation of a 15 kJ, Mather type, NEPP machine is studied in detail. A large number of experiments are carried out to tune the machine parameters for best performance using helium and hydrogen as filling gases. The NEPP machine is modified to be able to extract the copious number of electrons generated at the pinch. A hollow anode with …
Paleoecology Of Late Pleistocene Megaherbivores: Stable Isotope Reconstruction Of Environment, Climate, And Response, Aubrey Mae Bonde
Paleoecology Of Late Pleistocene Megaherbivores: Stable Isotope Reconstruction Of Environment, Climate, And Response, Aubrey Mae Bonde
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Late Pleistocene megaherbivore communities of the Pacific and Mountain West states of California and Nevada are under-analyzed in regard to ecological function (diet, mobility, niche partitioning, and range of ecological tolerance). Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool that is known to recover primary paleodiet and paleoenvironmental information from biogenic materials, such as enamel and dentin. This dissertation explores the use of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in Late Pleistocene (40-10 Ka) megaherbivore teeth to gain a better understanding of inter- and intra-specific behavior and reconstruct Late Pleistocene ecosystems of California and Nevada. Radiocarbon dates exist for most of the …
Investigation Of Storage-Phosphor Autoradiography For The Rapid Quantitative Screening Of Air Filters For Emergency Response Purposes, Athena Marie Gallardo
Investigation Of Storage-Phosphor Autoradiography For The Rapid Quantitative Screening Of Air Filters For Emergency Response Purposes, Athena Marie Gallardo
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Past nuclear accidents, such as Chernobyl, resulted in a large release of radionuclides into the atmosphere. Radiological assessment of the vicinity of the site of the incident is vital to assess the exposure levels and dose received by the population and workers. Therefore, it is critical to thoroughly understand the situation and risks associated with a particular event in a timely manner in order to properly manage the event. Current atmospheric radiological assessments of alpha emitting radioisotopes include acquiring large quantities of air samples, chemical separation of radionuclides, sample mounting, counting through alpha spectrometry, and analysis of the data. The …