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Articles 91 - 120 of 2328
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Carbon Dioxide Reduction On Large Area Liquid Metal Gallium-Indium Electrocatalysts, Thomas Hollis
Carbon Dioxide Reduction On Large Area Liquid Metal Gallium-Indium Electrocatalysts, Thomas Hollis
Chemistry & Biochemistry Undergraduate Honors Theses
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is widely known as a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming due to the burning of fossil fuels. The carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is widely studied to reutilize CO2 to useful products, including methane, ethane, and carbon monoxide. This project studies the use of liquid metal gallium-indium as an electrocatalyst to perform CO2 reduction to carbon monoxide (CO) or possibly solid carbon in various solutions. Gallium-indium is characterized and studied through its “wetting” properties and adhesion to substrate foil through the measurement of contact angles inside solution. These liquid …
An Investigation On The Effect Of Conserved Hinge Histidine On Influenza Hemagglutinin(Ha2) Protein Conformation Using Md Simulations, Nada Tolba
Chemistry & Biochemistry Undergraduate Honors Theses
Hemagglutinin is a protein on the surface of Human Influenza Viruses.1 It is composed of two glycopolypeptide domains, the HA1 and HA2 domains. Previous studies have found that across different strains of Influenza viruses, HIS435 residues remain conserved.4 In studies where mutations occurred in hinge-site histadine residues, the Influenza virus was inactive.4 These investigations indicated a significant role of HIS435 (hinge-site histadines) in virulence. Four systems were created using Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Each system was composed of an Isolated HA2 trimer solvated in a 150 mM NaCl rectangular water box at 310 K under isobaric and …
On The Impact Of Inclination-Dependent Attenuation On The Derived Star Formation Histories Of Disk Galaxies, Keith Doore
On The Impact Of Inclination-Dependent Attenuation On The Derived Star Formation Histories Of Disk Galaxies, Keith Doore
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The physical properties of a galaxy (e.g., its star-formation history and dust content) regulate the distribution of light that is emitted by stars and attenuated by the interstellar gas and dust. This attenuation by dust can have a significant impact on the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) of a disk galaxy, especially when taking into account its viewing angle (i.e., inclination). For example, as the inclination angle of a galactic disk changes from face-on to edge-on (i.e., i = 0 deg to i = 90 deg), the proportion of light that is attenuated along the line of sight increases, due …
Developing Methods For Pattern Transfer In Photoelectrochemical Lithography, Ashlyn Descarpentrie
Developing Methods For Pattern Transfer In Photoelectrochemical Lithography, Ashlyn Descarpentrie
Chemistry & Biochemistry Undergraduate Honors Theses
The microprocessor industry has historically been driven by the goal of shrinking devices. To create features small enough to fit on such devices, photolithography has conventionally been used in the micropatterning of noble metal surfaces. Photolithography is a complicated and expensive process that involves a cleanroom, metallization processes, and photoresist. While this investment makes sense for high revenue applications, a number of microelectronic devices do not require nanometer-scale patterned features. Examples of such applications include specific types of antennae, sensing electrodes, and photocatalysts. Photolithography for these devices is thus too costly in both money and energy. The Coridan lab has …
Effects Of Landscape And Yard Features On Mammals In Residential Yards In Northwest Arkansas, Emily Johansson
Effects Of Landscape And Yard Features On Mammals In Residential Yards In Northwest Arkansas, Emily Johansson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The human footprint is rapidly expanding, and wildlife habitat is continuously being converted to human residential properties. Most wildlife residing in developing areas are displaced to nearby undeveloped areas. However, some animals can coexist with humans and acquire the necessary resources (food, water, shelter) within the human environment. This may be particularly true when development is low intensity, as in suburban yards. Due to the wide variety in how homeowners utilize their yards, they can be considered individually managed “greenspaces.” These yards can provide a range of food (e.g., bird feeders, compost, gardens), water (bird baths and garden ponds), and …
The Use Of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer And Bent Dna To Study Dna And Ion Interactions, Kaitlin Bullard
The Use Of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer And Bent Dna To Study Dna And Ion Interactions, Kaitlin Bullard
Physics Undergraduate Honors Theses
Studying DNA interactions is advantageous to developments in the medical field since DNA and its interactions affect our health greatly. In addition, it is important to understand how the bendability of DNA depends on metal ions, which are essential for various fundamental processes in cells. In this work, we investigate the use of FRET and self-assembled bent DNA molecules to quantify DNA interactions with magnesium ions. We measured that the FRET efficiency increased at higher concentrations of magnesium ions. We also ran simulations to further understand the mechanisms. These observations show that magnesium ions increase the stability and flexibility of …
Reverse Engineering Post-Quantum Cryptography Schemes To Find Rowhammer Exploits, Sam Lefforge
Reverse Engineering Post-Quantum Cryptography Schemes To Find Rowhammer Exploits, Sam Lefforge
Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
Post-quantum cryptography is a necessary countermeasure to protect against attacks from quantum computer. However, the post-quantum cryptography schemes are potentially vulnerable to side channel attacks. One such method of attacking involves creating bit-flips in victim memory through a process called Rowhammer. These attacks can vary in nature, but can involve rowhammering bits to raise the encryption scheme's decryption failure rate, or modifying the scheme's random seed. With a high enough decryption failure rate, it becomes feasible to generate sufficient information about the secret key to perform a key recovery attack. This thesis proposed two attacks on proposed post-quantum cryptography algorithms, …
Analysis Of A Federated Learning Framework For Heterogeneous Medical Image Data: Privacy And Performance Perspective, Julia Brixey
Analysis Of A Federated Learning Framework For Heterogeneous Medical Image Data: Privacy And Performance Perspective, Julia Brixey
Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
The massive amount of data available in our modern world and the increase of computational efficiency and power have allowed for great advancements in several fields such as computer vision, image processing, and natural languages. At the center of these advancements lies a data-centric learning approach termed deep learning. However, in the medical field, the application of deep learning comes with many challenges. Some of the fundamental challenges are the lack of massive training datasets, unbalanced and heterogenous data between health applications and health centers, security and privacy concerns, and the high cost of wrong inference and prediction. One of …
Characterization Of 2d Quantum Materials Using Ai And Large-Scale Quantum Data Collection, Apoorva Bisht
Characterization Of 2d Quantum Materials Using Ai And Large-Scale Quantum Data Collection, Apoorva Bisht
Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
2D materials like hexagonal boron nitride, graphene, and tungsten diselenide are widely utilized for studying their unique mechanical and opto-electronic properties to exploit them to make transistors and fabricating a variety of other devices. All these applications require that the 2D materials used be of specific uniform thickness. Until very recently, this process has been largely manual and tedious. However, few applications exploit the characteristic color-to-thickness correspondence of these near-transparent materials. To continue this effort, in this work we create a large-scale dataset for three different materials (hBN, graphene, and WSe$_2$) to train and test an image segmentation model along …
Universal Computation Using Self-Assembling, Crisscross Dna Slats, Jackson S. Bullard
Universal Computation Using Self-Assembling, Crisscross Dna Slats, Jackson S. Bullard
Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
I first give a brief introduction to formal models of computation. I then present three different approaches for computation in the aTAM. I later detail generating systems of crisscross slats given an arbitrary algorithm encoded in the form of a Turing machine. Crisscross slats show potential due to their high levels of cooperativity, so it is hoped that implementations utilizing slats are more robust to various growth errors compared to the aTAM. Finally, my software converts arbitrary crisscross slat systems into various physical representations that assist in analyzing their potential to be realized in experiments.
Chicken Keypoint Estimation, Rohit Kala
Chicken Keypoint Estimation, Rohit Kala
Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
Poultry is an important food source across the world. To facilitate the growth of the global population, we must also improve methods to oversee poultry with new and emerging technologies to improve the efficiency of poultry farms as well as the welfare of the birds. The technology we explore is Deep Learning methods and Computer Vision to help automate chicken monitoring using technologies such as Mask R-CNN to detect the posture of the chicken from an RGB camera. We use Meta Research's Detectron 2 to implement the Mask R-CNN model to train on our dataset created on videos of chickens …
A Survey And Comparative Study On Vulnerability Scanning Tools, Cassidy Khounborine
A Survey And Comparative Study On Vulnerability Scanning Tools, Cassidy Khounborine
Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
Vulnerability scanners are a tool used by many organizations and developers as part of their vulnerability management. These scanners aid in the security of applications, databases, networks, etc. There are many different options available for vulnerability scanners that vary in the analysis method they encompass or target for which they scan, among many other features. This thesis explores the different types of scanners available and aims to ease the burden of selecting the ideal vulnerability scanner for one’s needs by conducting a survey and comparative analysis of vulnerability scanners. Before diving into the vulnerability scanners available, background information is provided …
Critical Infrastructure Workforce Development Pods For Teaching Cybersecurity Using Netlab+, Gideon Sutterfield
Critical Infrastructure Workforce Development Pods For Teaching Cybersecurity Using Netlab+, Gideon Sutterfield
Computer Science and Computer Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
As digital automation for Industrial Control Systems has grown, so has its
vulnerability to cyberattacks. The world of industry has responded effectively to this, but the world of academia is still lagging as its emphasis is still almost entirely on information technology. Considering this, we created a workforce development pod that serves as a hands-on learning module for teaching students key cybersecurity ideas surrounding operational technology using the NETLAB+ platform. A pod serves as the virtual environment where the learning exercise takes place. This project’s implementation involved the creation of a segmented network within the pod where a student starts …
Potential Control Of Invasive Mesquite Through Improving The Consumer’S Understanding Of Liquid Smoke Applications., Seth W. Ellsworth
Potential Control Of Invasive Mesquite Through Improving The Consumer’S Understanding Of Liquid Smoke Applications., Seth W. Ellsworth
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Mesquite trees continue to invade forests and range lands in many countries across the world. The cost to remove these trees is staggering. In Texas, landowners spent $25 million over a 10- year period to clear 300,000 ha of mesquite trees, a fraction of the 22 million ha of Texas land affected by this invasion. Estimates are that the mesquite continues to negatively impact one to two percent of additional land in selected counties each year in Texas. However, the problem is not unique to Texas, but rather to the 44 species of mesquite trees, belonging to the genus Prosopis …
Fabrication Of Black Phosphorus Terahertz Photoconductive Antennas, Nathan Tanner Sawyers
Fabrication Of Black Phosphorus Terahertz Photoconductive Antennas, Nathan Tanner Sawyers
Physics Undergraduate Honors Theses
Terahertz (THz) photoconductive antennas (PCAs) using 40nm thin-film flakes of black phosphorus (BP) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have been shown computationally to be capable of THz emission comparable to those based on GaAs [2]. In this paper, I briefly describe the scientific and practical interest in THz emissions and explain what warrants research into black phosphorus as a photoconductive semiconductor in THz devices. Furthermore, I outline the basic principle of how these antennas work and mention alternative designs produced by other researchers in the past. Finally, I summarize the fabrication process of these antennas, as well as the measurements …
Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2022, Nathan A. Slaton, Mike Daniels
Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2022, Nathan A. Slaton, Mike Daniels
Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series
Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies described within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil-test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.
Constituent Loads And Trends In The Upper Illinois River Watershed: A Nonpoint Source Management Program Priority Watershed, Erin M. Grantz, Brian E. Haggard
Constituent Loads And Trends In The Upper Illinois River Watershed: A Nonpoint Source Management Program Priority Watershed, Erin M. Grantz, Brian E. Haggard
Technical Reports
The Arkansas Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Division (ANRD) has identified the Upper Illinois River Watershed (UIRW; 11110103), a hydrologic unit code (HUC) 8 watershed, located in Northwest Arkansas for prioritization by the Nonpoint Source (NPS) Management Program. URIW encompasses the Illinois River from its headwaters to the state line with Oklahoma and has been the subject of interstate disputes over water quality for decades. Nonpoint source pollution concerns in UIRW are excess nutrients from agriculture and sediment from changes in land use/land cover (LULC).
Local, state, and national groups, including the NPS Source Management Program, have invested in …
Constituent Loads And Trends In The Upper White River Basin: A Nonpoint Source Management Program Priority Watersheds, Erin M. Grantz, Brian E. Haggard
Constituent Loads And Trends In The Upper White River Basin: A Nonpoint Source Management Program Priority Watersheds, Erin M. Grantz, Brian E. Haggard
Technical Reports
The Arkansas Department of Agriculture – Natural Resources Division (ANRD) has identified the Upper White River Basin (UWRB; HUC 11010001) a hydrologic unit code (HUC) 8 watersheds, located in Northwest Arkansas, for prioritization by the Nonpoint Source (NPS) Management Program. UWRB includes Beaver Lake in its borders, the drinking water source for 1 in 6 Arkansans. Nonpoint source pollution concerns in these watersheds are excess nutrients from agriculture and sediment from changes in land use/land cover (LULC).
Local, state, and national groups, including the NPS Source Management Program, have invested in education, best management practices, and streambank restoration in the …
High Order Structures Formed By The Natural Aromatic Amino Acids, Gabriel Alexander Kupovics, Zeina Alraawi
High Order Structures Formed By The Natural Aromatic Amino Acids, Gabriel Alexander Kupovics, Zeina Alraawi
Inquiry: The University of Arkansas Undergraduate Research Journal
Excessive concentrations of the natural aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine are characteristic of the severe genetic abnormalities known as phenylketonuria (PKU) and tyrosinemia, respectively. Within this context, this feature article authenticates claims that tryptophan can form amyloid-like supramolecular structures in vitro and is the first to propose potential mechanisms of tryptophan self-assembly, including hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence kinetics and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data suggest the formation of amyloid-like fibrillar structures by natural aromatic amino acids in vitro. Additionally, the propensity of amino acid aggregation increases in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The …
Supercontinuum Light Generation Via Non-Linear Effects In Hollow-Core Fiber, Skyler Gulati
Supercontinuum Light Generation Via Non-Linear Effects In Hollow-Core Fiber, Skyler Gulati
Physics Student Works
The field of non-linear optics has gained traction in the last couple decades due to the variable generation of wavelengths which are less deterministic than within traditional optics. Using non-linear mediums, including hollow-core fibers (HCF), generation of wavelengths spanning into the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelength range is possible. These short wavelengths can be utilized within electron spectroscopy-based methods of material science like angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). This technique most often uses specific photoemission lines of atoms in discharge lamps, however, with the frequency dispersion capabilities of HCF, broad band creation can allow for variable wavelength selection through filtering specific wavelengths …
Sustainability And Health Impacts Of Pulse Crops In The United States Using Life Cycle Assessment, Prathamesh A. Bandekar
Sustainability And Health Impacts Of Pulse Crops In The United States Using Life Cycle Assessment, Prathamesh A. Bandekar
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Environmental sustainability and human health impact of pulses produced and consumed in the United States was assessed using life cycle assessment (LCA). The study included three objectives 1) to estimate environmental impact of current production and consumption practices in the United States using attributional LCA; 2) to estimate environmental and human health impact of iso-caloric diets containing varying amounts of pulses using Hybrid-LCA and Combined Nutritional and Environmental-LCA (CONE-LCA); and 3) to estimate environmental impact of increased demand for pulses using consequential LCA. Scope of the study varied for each objective with system boundary encompassing cradle-to-grave activities for objective 1 …
First-Principles Study Of Doping Effects On Ferroelectricity And On Rashba Spin Splitting, Zegnet Yimer Muhammed
First-Principles Study Of Doping Effects On Ferroelectricity And On Rashba Spin Splitting, Zegnet Yimer Muhammed
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
In this dissertation, we have thoroughly studied the effect of chemical and charge dopingon ferroelectrics (PbTiO3 and BaTiO3) and Rashba type semiconductor (BiTeI). In the first project, We investigate the polar instability and soft modes in electron-doped PbTiO3 using linear-response density functional calculations. Because, metallicity and ferroelectric-like polar distortion are mutually non-compatible, and their coexistence in the same system is an intriguing subject of fundamental interest in the field of structure phase transition. However, it is unclear what mechanism may extend the limit of metallicity that allows polar distortion. We find that ferroelectric instability can remarkably sustain up to an …
The Human Natural Resource Endowment Of Limestone For Cement Manufacturing, Vanya Marie North
The Human Natural Resource Endowment Of Limestone For Cement Manufacturing, Vanya Marie North
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This study investigates the total per-capita allocation of limestone globally. Termed the Human Natural Resource Endowment (HNRE), it is calculated by subtracting the cumulative annual production from the ultimately recoverable reserve (URR) of limestone and dividing the difference by global population. HNRE represents a unique way of visualizing resource depletion by asking how much of a given resource can be allocated to each person on earth, and how long that allocation can last given multiple population and usage scenarios. The average American, born in 2021, will use approximately 23,930 kgs of cement in their lifetime, with similar demands globally. Demand …
Life Cycle Assessment Of Novel Electrochemical Struvite Recovery In Municipal Wastewater Treatment At The Plant And U.S. Watershed Scales, Karla Morrissey
Life Cycle Assessment Of Novel Electrochemical Struvite Recovery In Municipal Wastewater Treatment At The Plant And U.S. Watershed Scales, Karla Morrissey
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
As the supply of phosphorus decreases, nutrient recovery in municipal wastewater treatment has become an important area of research. Recovery methods for phosphorus-containing fertilizers, such as struvite, and other products are currently being developed and assessed for their efficiency and economic feasibility. Potential environmental impacts from nutrient recovery are also being assessed as design for the environment is important, especially with regards to the eutrophying potential of phosphorus in phosphorus-limited freshwater aquatic systems. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a tool that can be used to estimate potential environmental impacts of a product or service focusing on its entire life cycle. …
Assessment Of Novel Protein Ingredient Arthrospira Platensis (Microalgae) And Soybean Genotype Amino Acid And Oil Selection Improvements On Broiler Performance, Savannah Wells Crafton
Assessment Of Novel Protein Ingredient Arthrospira Platensis (Microalgae) And Soybean Genotype Amino Acid And Oil Selection Improvements On Broiler Performance, Savannah Wells Crafton
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Two experiments were conducted to assess the efficiency of including novel protein ingredient Arthrospira platensis or improved soybean meal in a broiler diet. The first experiment aimed to determine the feeding value of soybean meal produced from varieties of soybeans bred for increased amino acid content (SBAA) improved oil content (SBO) compared to a conventional soybean variety in an ANOVA design fed to Cobb 500 female broilers for 28-42d of age. The SBAA and SBO soybeans contained overall higher amino acid content and lower oligosaccharide content compared to the conventional soybean variety in addition to improved oil quality. The second …
Divide-And-Conquer Distributed Learning: Privacy-Preserving Offloading Of Neural Network Computations, Lewis C.L. Brown
Divide-And-Conquer Distributed Learning: Privacy-Preserving Offloading Of Neural Network Computations, Lewis C.L. Brown
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Machine learning has become a highly utilized technology to perform decision making on high dimensional data. As dataset sizes have become increasingly large so too have the neural networks to learn the complex patterns hidden within. This expansion has continued to the degree that it may be infeasible to train a model from a singular device due to computational or memory limitations of underlying hardware. Purpose built computing clusters for training large models are commonplace while access to networks of heterogeneous devices is still typically more accessible. In addition, with the rise of 5G networks, computation at the edge becoming …
Gate-Controlled Quantum Dots In Two-Dimensional Tungsten Diselenide And One-Dimensional Tellurium Nanowires, Shiva Davari Dolatabadi
Gate-Controlled Quantum Dots In Two-Dimensional Tungsten Diselenide And One-Dimensional Tellurium Nanowires, Shiva Davari Dolatabadi
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This work focuses on the investigation of gate-defined quantum dots in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide tungsten diselenide (WSe2) as a means to unravel mesoscopic physical phenomena such as valley-contrasting physics in WSe2 flakes and its potential application as qubit, as well as realizing gate-controlled quantum dots based on elementaltellurium nanostructures which may unlock the topological nature of the host material carriers such as Weyl states in tellurium nanowires.The fabrication and characterization of gate-defined hole quantum dots in monolayer and bilayer WSe2 are reported. The gate electrodes in the device design are located above and below the WSe2 nanoflakes to accumulate …
Design And Comparison Of Asynchronous Fft Implementations, Julie Bigot
Design And Comparison Of Asynchronous Fft Implementations, Julie Bigot
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a widely used digital signal processing technology in a large variety of applications. For battery-powered embedded systems incorporating FFT, its physical implementation is constrained by strict power consumption, especially during idle periods. Compared to the prevailing clocked synchronous counterpart, quasi-delay insensitive asynchronous circuits offer a series of advantages including flexible timing requirement and lower leakage power, making them ideal choices for these systems. In this thesis work, various FFT configurations were implemented in the low-power Multi-Threshold NULL Convention Logic (MTNCL) paradigm. Analysis illustrates the area and power consumption trends along the changing of the number …
Cell Division Dynamics Of Escherichia Coli In Extreme Environments, Steven P. Murray
Cell Division Dynamics Of Escherichia Coli In Extreme Environments, Steven P. Murray
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Life is remarkable in how resilient it can be. Many organism, classified as ex- tremophiles, can not only survive in extreme environments, but they can thrive in them. In the search for extraterrestrial life, the best candidates to harbor life exist with some kind of extreme condition. Europa, for example, is a favorite for the possibility of accommodating life as we know it within our solar system. Thought there is believed to be a liquid ocean under its icy surface, this habitat would be under immense pressures and high salinity. To best know where to look for extraterrestrial life, it …
A Method For Exploring The Habitability Of Earth-Like Exoplanets: Applications To Tess Objects Of Interest 203 B, 256 B, And 700 D, Paul Bonney
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) has and is continuing to discover a multitude of potentially habitable planet candidates. As more planets are detected and confirmed, it becomes increasingly important to strategically search for signs of habitability with which to differentiate and prioritize them for further observation, in particular with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). To facilitate this, I have created a method for prioritizing TESS planet candidates based on parameters derived from their light curves and have applied the method to the TESS Candidate Target List (CTL). This data set uses preliminary fits to transit modeling which can …