Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Grosafe: In-Classroom Technology-Enabled Solution To Build Societal Resilience Against Child Grooming, Christina Thorpe, Fiona Jennings

Conference Papers

GroSafe is an innovative initiative developed by TU Dublin in partnership with the ISPCC to address the critical issue of child grooming. By leveraging cutting-edge digital technologies, GroSafe focuses on educating children, caregivers, and educators to recognise, report, and prevent grooming behaviours. It integrates a 3D educational gaming environment with adaptive learning tools, enabling safe and effective engagement for children, including those with diverse learning needs. Designed to align with Ireland’s SPHE curriculum, GroSafe empowers schools and communities to tackle grooming through early intervention and resilience building.

Habit Coach: Customising Rag-Based Chatbots To Support Behavior Change, Arian Fooroogh Mand Arabi, Cansu Koyuturk, Michael O'Mahony, Raffaella Calati, Dimitri Ognibene

Conference papers

This paper presents the iterative development of Habit Coach, a GPT-based chatbot designed to support users in habit change through personalized interaction. Employing a user-centered design approach, we developed the chatbot using a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system, which enables behavior personalization without retraining the underlying language model (GPT-4). The system leverages document retrieval and specialized prompts to tailor interactions, drawing from Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and narrative therapy techniques. A key challenge in the development process was the difficulty of translating declarative knowledge into effective interaction behaviors. In the initial phase, the chatbot was provided with declarative knowledge about CBT …

Improving The Performance Of The Modal Holographic Wavefront Sensor By Adapting To Prevailing Turbulence Conditions: Experimental Verification, Andreas Zepp, Emma Branigan, Kevin Murphy, Szymon Gladysz

Conference Papers

The modal holographic wavefront sensor offers a promising alternative to established wavefront sensing techniques. Since the strengths of individual aberration modes are directly measured, there is no need for time-consuming signal processing and wavefront reconstruction. Bandwidths up to three orders of magnitude higher than those of commercial wavefront sensors can in principle be achieved. However, in practice the accuracy of measurements is compromised by intermodal crosstalk, which arises when the wavefront exhibits additional aberrations to those encoded in the modal wavefront sensor. This issue is particularly prominent when measuring wavefronts disturbed by atmospheric turbulence. To mitigate the effects of intermodal …

Confocal Raman Spectroscopy Coupled With In Vitro Permeation Testing To Study The Effects Of Formalin Fixation On The Skin Barrier Function Of Reconstructed Human Epidermis, Hichem Kichou, Franck Bonnier, Amanda C. Caritá, Hugh Byrne, Igor Choupra, Emilie Munnier

Articles

Confocal Raman Spectroscopy is recognised as a potent tool for molecular characterisation of biological specimens. There is a growing demand for In Vitro Permeation Tests (IVPT) in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic areas, increasingly conducted using Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) skin models. In this study, chemical fixation of RHE in 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin for 24 hours has been examined for storing RHE samples at 4°C for up to 21 days. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy, combined with Principal Components Analysis, revealed the molecular-level effects of fixation, notably in protein and lipid conformation within the stratum corneum and viable epidermis. IVPT by means …

Three-Dimensional Printing Limitations Of Polymers Reinforced With Continuous Stainless Steel Fibres And Curvature Stiffness, Alison J. Clarke, Andrew N. Dickson, Vladimir Milosavljevic, Denis P. Dowling

Articles

This study investigates the printability limitations of 3D-printed continuous 316L stainless steel fibre-reinforced polymer composites obtained using the Materials Extrusion (MEX) technique. The objective was to better understand the geometric printing limitations of composites fabricated using continuous steel fibres, based on a combination of bending stiffness testing and piezoresistive property studies. The 0.5 mm composite filaments used in this study were obtained by co-extruding polylactic acid (PLA), with a 316 L stainless steel fibre (SSF) bundle. The composite printability limitations were evaluated by the printing of a series of ’teardrop’ shaped geometries with angles in the range from 5◦ to …

Wavefront Sensor Based On Angle Selectivity Of An Optical Filter, Andreas Zepp, Emma Branigan, Julien Garnier, Kevin Murphy, Raphael Bellossi, Karin Stein, Szymon Gladysz

Conference Papers

The effectiveness of free-space laser communications is limited due to wavefront deformations caused by atmospheric optical turbulence. To determine these deformations, we propose a wavefront sensor that utilizes the angular selectivity of an optical transmission filter to measure the first derivative of the wavefront. The transmission filter converts the gradients of the incident wavefront into an intensity distribution. For each direction (x and y) this distribution is captured twice, with different angles between filter and optical axis for each measurement. The contrast of both measurements (calculated for each pixel of the used detector) and the local gradients of the wavefront …

Getting To The Point: Contrasting Directness And Warmth In Motivational Embodied Conversational Agents, Michael O'Mahony, Cathy Ennis, Robert Ross

Conference papers

Enhancing long-term engagement with conversational agents remains a significant challenge. Controlling the perceived warmth or directness of an agent’s personality through the style of its generated text could be used to increase user likeability. This paper reports an investigation of a Wizard-of-Oz (WoZ) mediated study of two variants of a motivational embodied conversational agent to measure user perception of and attitudes towards warmth in interaction style. Results show a significant effect of users preferring an agent with a "more direct" personality for this scenario, though this effect is in many ways nuanced.

Comparing Thin And Volume Regimes Of Analog Holograms For Wavefront Sensing, Emma Branigan, Andreas Zepp, Suzanne Martin, Matthew Sheehan, Szymon Gladysz, Kevin Murphy

Articles

Two analog holographic wavefront sensors, for measurement of defocus, have been fabricated as both thin and volume phase transmission holograms in a self-developing photopolymer. This represents the first reported direct comparison of hologram regimes when designed for wavefront sensing. An analysis of the effect of crosstalk in the presence of one other aberration mode (astigmatism X (0/90°), coma X (horizontal), and primary spherical aberration) was carried out with each version of the sensor. The performance of thin and volume analog holographic wavefront sensors was characterized under emulated conditions associated with moderate atmospheric turbulence.

Inclusion4eu: Towards A Framework Of Inclusive Software Design Processes And Practices, Damian Gordon, Andrea Curley, Emma Murphy, John Gilligan, Anna Becevel, Dympna O'Sullivan

Articles

This research is based on a trans-European research project aimed at enhancing software design and engineering practices to promote inclusivity, involving stakeholders from academia, industry, and disability advocacy services. To explore the nature and meaning of inclusion, a number of different approaches to inclusion are outlined, including models of equitable design (Accessible Design, Inclusive Design, Universal Design, and Design for All), User Design processes (Co-Production, Co-Creation, User-Centred Design, Co-Design, and Participatory Design), and Software Engineering Methodologies (Linear, Spiral, and Agile). These three categories of models are combined to form a three-dimensional environment in which software development projects can be mapped …

Designing Self-Management For And With Persons Living With Dementia Osullivan, Dympna, Dympna O'Sullivan, Michael Wilson, Damon Berry, Orla Moran, Siobhan O,Neill, Ciaran Nugent, Jonathan Turner, Julie Doyle

Articles

Promoting high quality of life for persons living with dementia has emerged as a central goal in global public health agendas. The emphasis has shifted from extending life to actively enhancing overall well-being by postponing or preventing additional disability. This represents a departure from traditional medical perspectives on dementia to a more socially-oriented approach, placing a strong focus on wellbeing.

In parallel, the concept of self-management for people with living dementia has emerged, where this is a person-centred approach in which the individual is empowered and has ownership over the management of their life and condition. Practice recommendations for person-centered …

A Comparative Analysis Of Shap, Lime, Anchors, And Dice For Interpreting A Dense Neural Network In Credit Card Fraud Detection, Bujar Raufi, Ciaran Finnegan, Luca Longo

Conference papers

Financial institutions heavily rely on advanced Machine Learning algorithms to screen transactions. However, they face increasing pressure from regulators and the public to ensure AI accountability and transparency, particularly in credit card fraud detection. While ML technology has effectively detected fraudulent activity, the opacity of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can make it challenging to explain decisions. This has prompted a recent push for more explainable fraud prevention tools. Although vendors claim to improve detection rates, integrating explanation data is still early. Data scientists recognize the potential of Explainable AI (XAI) techniques in fraud prevention, but comparative research on their effectiveness …

Human Centered Approaches And Taxonomies For Explainable Artificial Intelligence, Helen Sheridan, Emma Murphy, Dympna O'Sullivan

Conference papers

Recent interest within the research community related to explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has led to a profuse amount of literature on the subject. Those who wish to tackle the domain from an HCI focus may be presented with overwhelming material, most of which does not pertain to human aspects of XAI. Taxonomies can serve to categorize a subject into topic areas and distill content into an overview of the field. This late breaking work intends to help those within the HCI community with a focus on XAI to understand relevant aspects of human centered XAI. We also present a taxonomy …

Thermal Effects On The Voc-Sensitive Polydimethylsiloxane Holographic Gratings, Aleksandra Hernik, Faolan Radford Mcgovern, Patrick Iftime, Izabela Naydenova

Conference Papers

The imperative for monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emerges from their harmful impact on human health when inhaled excessively over a long term. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), valued for its transparency and excellent flexibility, has already been demonstrated as a promising biocompatible and cost-effective transducer for optical VOCs sensing. Moreover, it facilitates further functionalisation with adsorbing materials to enhance sensitivity and selectivity for specific VOCs detection. We fabricated and examined PDMS-based surface diffraction gratings after exposure to selected VOCs, demonstrating different response for polar and non-polar molecules. Investigated gratings were prepared by replicating sinusoidal surface relief structures inscribed in acrylamide photopolymer using …

Investigation Of The Uv-Resistance Of Photopolymerisable Glass For Space Applications, Luca Sorridente, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Izabela Naydenova, Kevin Murphy

Articles

The progress of space based scientific research leads to an increasing demand for more efficient and less bulky instruments. Conventional refractive elements make up a critical part of many optical instruments launched into space; however, they can be bulky and heavy. Holographic optical elements are an efficient alternative to replace the conventional optical elements as they are lightweight and can be miniaturized. Current materials typically used for volume holographic optical elements are not robust enough for use in space environment. Recently a promising photopolymerisable glass has been developed using a sol-gel technique, which can provide dry layers suitable for holographic …

Photopolymer Material Durability And Safety In Holographic Diffusers For Visual Applications, Matthew Hellis, Alan Casey, Edoardo Splendi, Suzanne Martin, Matthew Sheehan, Kevin Murphy

Articles

This study introduces novel holographic diffuser applications employing acrylamide- or diacetone acrylamide-based photopolymers, patterned within the volume on a micron scale by a single-beam holographic recording process. These diffusers have previously been presented as potential treatments for amblyopia and diplopia. This work has now been extended to spectrometric analysis to determine their properties under broadband light. Diffusive elements with higher diffusion efficiencies exhibited a marginal reduction (< 5%) in diffusion efficiency across most of the visible spectrum. Given the intended application of these holographic diffusers, cytotoxicity assessments were also performed. This is significant as there is a difference in toxicity between the crystalline acrylamide (classified as a category 3 material) and diacetone acrylamide (classified as a category 4 material). The findings indicated substantially lower toxicity in holograms produced with diacetone acrylamide-based photopolymer. The accelerated ageing of both formulations of holographic diffusers indicated that the acrylamide-based holographic diffusers did not reduce efficacy in the 292 days of ageing. The diacetone acrylamide-based holographic diffusers exhibited reduced efficacy by day 182. Despite this, both formulations have been shown to perform for prolonged periods as the treatment modality would require. These results emphasise that holographic diffusers exhibit minimal spectral impact, and longevity on the scale of treatment regimes which are crucial considerations for their prospective use case as treatments for amblyopia and diplopia.

Hidden Scientists/Hidden Creatives, Con Kennedy

Conference Presentations

This presentation discussed how the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were integrated into an existing graphic design module delivered on the BA in Visual Communication Design in a joint project with the TU Dublin School of Art and Design, School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences
 Sustainability and Research Hub
Research, the Ethics and Integrity Office. The project explored underrepresented women in science and graphic design.

Modeling Redistribution Of Nanozeolites In Holographic Recording, Dana Mackey, Jack Lyons Dr, Izabela Naydenova

Articles

Zeolite doped photopolymers have been studied experimentally due to their potential application in the develop- ment of optical sensors. It has been shown that dopant redistribution can be achieved by holographic recording and has a direct influence on the sensitivity of the recorded grating. To achieve better theoretical understanding of these processes, this paper proposes an extended photopolymerization-diffusion mathematical model for describing the dynamics of nanozeolite redistribution during recording in an acrylamide-based photopolymer. Using numerical simulations of this model, we investigate how recording conditions, dopant transport parameters, and initial load affect the refractive index modulation of the resulting photonic structure.

Memories Of Recipes In Twentieth-Century Irish Cookbooks, Gary Thompson

Dublin Gastronomy Symposium

This paper analyses and categorises the ways in which authors and their publishers have chosen to include the author’s culinary, food and personal memories within the texts of twenty twentieth century Irish Cookbooks. Cookbooks are subjects of culinary nostalgia with the reading of a recipe capable of triggering in the reader a memory of a meal enjoyed, a dish cooked in times past by a loved one, or recollections of the disgust felt for a food hated in childhood. Independent from the reader, the culinary memories of the author can be captured at the time of publication in the text …

Holographic Multiplexing In A Photopolymerisable Hybrid Sol-Gel, Pamela Stoeva, Tatsiana Mikulchyk, Izabela Naydenova, Kevin Murphy

Articles

Holographic multiplexing techniques enhance functionality and information storage by leveraging the inherent selectivity of holograms. This is crucial for advancing holographic sensors, which excel in simultaneously detecting multiple parameters from a single input signal. This study explores the potential of the recent photopolymerisable hybrid sol-gel (PHSG) material for application in Space sensing systems through the investigation of its holographic angular multiplexing capabilities. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we report the successful recording of up to five angularly multiplexed gratings with diffraction efficiencies (DE) ≥ 15% in 187 ± 18 µm PHSG layers. A 3 mW/cm2 …

Mathematical Modeling And Simulation Of The Photopolymerization Process In Different Industrial Applications, Maged Shaban

Doctoral

Photopolymerization is a complex physicochemical process that uses a specific wavelength of light to convert a liquid monomer resin to a solid polymer. This study investigates the evolution of photopolymerization kinetics through mathematical modeling and simulation in different industrial applications, such as stereolithography, ceramics additive manufacturing, and photonic crystal fabrication. In stereolithography, existing photopolymerization models do not fully capture the complexity of the curing process. Therefore, we develop a novel model for photopolymerization kinetics in a realistic stereolithography setting, which attempts to advance the understanding of the impact of several material properties and parameters on this process. This model significantly …

A Central Limit Theorem For The Number Of Excursion Set Components Of Gaussian Fields, Dmitry Beliaev, Michael Mcauley, Stephen Muirhead

Articles

For a smooth stationary Gaussian field f on R^d and level ℓ ∈ R, we consider the number of connected components of the excursion set {f ≥ ℓ} (or level set {f = ℓ}) contained in large domains. The mean of this quantity is known to scale like the volume of the domain under general assumptions on the field. We prove that, assuming sufficient decay of correlations (e.g. the Bargmann-Fock field), a central limit theorem holds with volume-order scaling. Previously such a result had only been established for ‘additive’ geometric functionals of the excursion/level sets (e.g. the volume or …

Arsenic Contamination Needs Serious Attention: An Opinion And Global Scenario, Abhijnan Bhat School Of Food Science And Environmental Health, Kamna Ravi Health, Engineering & Materials Sciences (Hems) Hub, Furong Tian Nanolab Research Centre, Baljit Singh Micra Biodiagnostics Technology Gateway

Articles

Arsenic (As) contamination is a serious global concern, polluting our natural resources, including water and soil, and posing a danger to the environment and public health. Arsenic is present in the groundwater of several countries and this contaminated water is used for irrigation, drinking, and food preparation, which poses the greatest threat to public health. Nearly 106 countries are affected by groundwater arsenic contamination and an estimated 230 million individuals worldwide are exposed to its adverse health effects, including increased cancer risks, associated cardiovascular disease and diabetes, skin lesions, neurological effects, kidney damage, and foetal or cognitive development-related complications. Arsenic …

Using Chatgpt To Generate Gendered Language, Shweta Soundararajan, Manuela Nayantara Jeyaraj, Sarah Jane Delany

Conference papers

Gendered language is the use of words that denote an individual's gender. This can be explicit where the gender is evident in the actual word used, e.g. mother, she, man, but it can also be implicit where social roles or behaviours can signal an individual's gender - for example, expectations that women display communal traits (e.g., affectionate, caring, gentle) and men display agentic traits (e.g., assertive, competitive, decisive). The use of gendered language in NLP systems can perpetuate gender stereotypes and bias. This paper proposes an approach to generating gendered language datasets using ChatGPT which will provide data for data-driven …

Spectralomics – Towards A Holistic Adaptation Of Label Free Spectroscopy, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Vibrational spectroscopy, largely based on infrared absorption and Raman scattering techniques, is much vaunted as a label free approach, delivering a high content, holistic characterisation of a sample, with demonstrable applications in a broad range of fields, from process analytical technologies and preclinical drug screening, to disease diagnostics, therapeutics, prognostics and personalised medicine. However, in the analysis of such complex systems, a trend has emerged in which spectral analysis is reduced to the identification of individual peaks, based on reference tables of assignments derived from literature, which are then interpreted as biomarkers. More sophisticated analysis attempts to unmix the spectrum …

Exploring The Design Of Low-End Technology To Increase Patient Connectivity To Electronic Health Records, Rens Kievit, Abdullahi Abubakar Kawu, Mirjam Van Reisen, Dympna O'Sullivan, Lucy Hederman

Conference papers

The tracking of the vitals of patients with long term health problems is essential for clinicians to determine proper care. Using Patient Generated Health Data (PGHD) communicated remotely allows patients to be monitored without requiring frequent hospital visits. Issues might arise when the communication of data digitally is difficult or impossible due to a lack of access to internet or a low level of digital literacy as is the case in many African countries. The VODAN-Africa project (van Reisen et al., 2021) started in 2020 and has greatly increased the capabilities of clinics in different countries in both Africa and …

Modelling Hoe Performance With An Extended Source; Experimental Investigation Using Misaligned Point Sources, Jorge Lasarte, Kevin Murphy, Izabela Naydenova, Maria Victoria Collados, Jesús Atencia, Suzanne Martin

Articles

Holographic optical elements (HOEs) have the potential to enable more compact, versatile, and lightweight optical designs, but many challenges remain. Volume HOEs have the advantage of high diffraction efficiency, but they present both chromatic selectivity and chromatic dispersion, which impact their use with wide spectrum light sources. Single-color light emitting diode (LED) sources have a narrow spectrum that reduces these issues and this makes them better suited for use with volume HOEs. However, the LED source size must be taken into consideration for compact volume HOE-LED systems. To investigate the design limits for compact HOE-LED systems, a theoretical and experimental …

Forecasting Foreign Tourist Arrivals In India: A Strategic Analysis For Sustainable Religious Tourism Growth, Vishwajeet Singh, Dr. Taruna, Tarushree Bari, Subhash Kumar Yadav

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

The exponential growth of the tourism industry in India significantly impacts the nation’s economic landscape. This study presents an analysis of tourism arrival trends from 2000 to 2019 to forecast foreign tourist arrivals, aligning with the broader scope of religious tourism and pilgrimage. Employing the Box-Jenkins methodology, the research aims to project short-term forecasts for inbound tourism. Diverse modelling techniques are explored to capture the nuances of the time series data, including the assessment of stationarity using the Dickey-Fuller Test to discern underlying trends. The study culminates in identifying the A.R.I.M.A (0, 1, 1) model with drift as the most …

Building Societal Resilience Against Child Grooming Using Digital Technologies: The Solution Design, Christina Thorpe, Armin Shams, Matt Bowden

Conference Papers

Extended Abstract

Child grooming is when someone builds a relationship, trust and emotional connection with a child so they can manipulate, exploit and abuse them, therefore building societal resilience against it is of prime importance1. Although progress has been made, it is among the yet unresolved challenges in Ireland (the focus of research). With direct SFI2 training support and using Theory of Change and Design Science as the methods for research and innovation, we have done extensive stakeholder analysis, and we keep doing it further such that a solution is evolved in order to create societal resilience against child grooming, …

Zno Varistors—Preparation Of Nano And Micro Sized Powders By Mechanical Methods For Low And High Voltage Varistors, Maura Kelleher

Books/Book Chapters

ZnO-Bi2O3-Sb2O3 varistors are as essential today as they have been since their discovery five decades ago. Their role is to protect other electronic components against oncoming surges of electrons and survive. The demands on varistors are increasing. Electronic components are becoming smaller and more sensitive, and the metal oxides from which varistors are made are precious. Every aspect of their structure (macro, micro, nano and atomic) determines how they perform and survive. Each stage and variable within the powder metallurgy process is important. The mechanical methods in preparing nano and micro sized metal oxide powders are outlined in this chapter.

Body-Oriented Gesture Generation System For Medical Interpreter Robots Based On Reinforcement Learning From Human Feedback, Tung Ngo, Emma Murphy, Conor Mcginn, Robert Ross

Conference papers

Medical interpreters are crucial in facilitating communication between healthcare stakeholders who speak different languages. Body-oriented gestures convey critical information essential for accurate and high-quality interpretation in healthcare settings. This study introduces a body-oriented gesture generation system designed for medical interpreter robots based on reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). The system allows robots to interpret more naturally and improve over time through interactions with humans. By adopting a human-centered development approach, we tailor our system to address the actual needs of healthcare stakeholders.