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Articles 31 - 60 of 1314

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Net Geochemical Release Of Base Cations From 25 Forested Watersheds In The Catskill Region Of New York, Sara C. Nieman, Chris E. Johnson Jul 2021

Net Geochemical Release Of Base Cations From 25 Forested Watersheds In The Catskill Region Of New York, Sara C. Nieman, Chris E. Johnson

Civil and Environmental Engineering

Chemical weathering of minerals is the principal mechanism by which base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) are released and acidity is neutralized in soils, bedrock and drainage waters. Quantifying the release of base cations from watershed soils is therefore crucial for the calculation of “critical loads” of atmospheric acidity to forest ecosystems. We used a mass-balance approach to estimate the rate of release of base cations in 25 headwater catchments in the Catskill region of New York, an area historically subject to high inputs of acid deposition. In 2010-2013, total net …

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Photovoltages In Polycrystalline Mosaic Solar Cells, Steluta A. Dinca, Eric A. Schiff Jul 2021

Photovoltages In Polycrystalline Mosaic Solar Cells, Steluta A. Dinca, Eric A. Schiff

Chemistry - All Scholarship

In some thin-film solar cells the light-absorbing layer is a mosaic of crystalline grains whose boundaries run from the back to the front of the cell. We used the semiconductor modeling software Sesame to do numerical calculations of the optoelectronic properties of such cells assuming that recombination of minority photocarriers occurs primarily at the grain boundaries. The work complements analytical results for diffusion-limited recombination at grain boundaries and dislocations. We chose idealized n-CdS/p-CdTe solar cells for illustration. We find that the open-circuit voltage, Voc, under illumination declines logarithmically with increasing ratio D/θ2, where D is the …

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Terra Dispositions: A Lithospheric Investigation Of Wet-Matter, Alec Rovensky May 2021

Terra Dispositions: A Lithospheric Investigation Of Wet-Matter, Alec Rovensky

Architecture Senior Theses

Human intervention of the landscape by damming, filling wetlands and over-extracting is resulting in the rapid perversion of water bodies through the desertification or flooding of terrain and the ensuing contamination of reservoirs. In turn, these changes are disrupting ecosystems, reshaping geological borders, and causing irreversible damage that poses a threat to clean water supplies. As humans exert agency over local hydrology, there is scarce consideration of the ensuing ecological consequences. This thesis aims to expose the ecological transformations of territories laced with human agency by examining the residues left by water in order to deviate from the misplaced nostalgia …

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Dynamic Nuclear Structure Emerges From Chromatin Cross-Links And Motors, Kuang Liu, Alison E. Patteson, Edward J. Banigan, J. M. Schwarz Apr 2021

Dynamic Nuclear Structure Emerges From Chromatin Cross-Links And Motors, Kuang Liu, Alison E. Patteson, Edward J. Banigan, J. M. Schwarz

Physics - All Scholarship

The cell nucleus houses the chromosomes, which are linked to a soft shell of lamin protein filaments. Experiments indicate that correlated chromosome dynamics and nuclear shape fluctuations arise from motor activity. To identify the physical mechanisms, we develop a model of an active, cross-linked Rouse chain bound to a polymeric shell. System-sized correlated motions occur but require both motor activity and cross-links. Contractile motors, in particular, enhance chromosome dynamics by driving anomalous density fluctuations. Nuclear shape fluctuations depend on motor strength, cross-linking, and chromosome-lamina binding. Therefore, complex chromosome dynamics and nuclear shape emerge from a minimal, active chromosome-lamina system.

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Cell-Induced Confinement Effects In Soft Tissue Mechanics, Dawei Song, Jordan L. Shivers, Fred C. Mackintosh, Alison E. Patteson, Paul A. Janmey Apr 2021

Cell-Induced Confinement Effects In Soft Tissue Mechanics, Dawei Song, Jordan L. Shivers, Fred C. Mackintosh, Alison E. Patteson, Paul A. Janmey

Physics - All Scholarship

The mechanical properties of tissues play a critical role in their normal and pathophysiological functions such as tissue development, aging, injury, and disease. Understanding tissue mechanics is important not only for designing realistic biomimetic materials for tissue engineering and drug testing but also for developing novel diagnostic techniques and medical interventions. Tissues are heterogeneous materials consisting of cells confined within extracellular matrices (ECMs), both of which derive their structural integrity, at least in part, from networks of biopolymers. However, the rheology of purified reconstituted biopolymer networks fails to explain many key aspects of tissue mechanics. Notably, purified networks typically soften …

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Vimentin Tunes Cell Migration On Collagen By Controlling Β1 Integrin Activation And Clustering, Zofia Ostrowska-Podhorodecka, Isabel Ding, Wilson Lee, Jelena Tanic, Sevil Abbasi, Pamma D. Arora, Richard S. Liu, Alison E. Patteson, Paul A. Janmey, Christopher A. Mcculloch Mar 2021

Vimentin Tunes Cell Migration On Collagen By Controlling Β1 Integrin Activation And Clustering, Zofia Ostrowska-Podhorodecka, Isabel Ding, Wilson Lee, Jelena Tanic, Sevil Abbasi, Pamma D. Arora, Richard S. Liu, Alison E. Patteson, Paul A. Janmey, Christopher A. Mcculloch

Physics - All Scholarship

Vimentin is a structural protein that is required for mesenchymal cell migration and directly interacts with actin, β1 integrin and paxillin. We examined how these interactions enable vimentin to regulate cell migration on collagen. In fibroblasts, depletion of vimentin increased talin-dependent activation of β1 integrin by more than 2-fold. Loss of vimentin was associated with reduction of β1 integrin clustering by 50% and inhibition of paxillin recruitment to focal adhesions by more than 60%, which was restored by vimentin expression. This reduction of paxillin was associated with 65% lower Cdc42 activation, a 60% reduction of cell extension formation and a …

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Bacterial Activity Hinders Particle Sedimentation, Jaspreet Singh, Alison E. Patteson, Bryan O. Torres Maldonado, Prashant K. Purohit, Paulo E. Arratia Mar 2021

Bacterial Activity Hinders Particle Sedimentation, Jaspreet Singh, Alison E. Patteson, Bryan O. Torres Maldonado, Prashant K. Purohit, Paulo E. Arratia

Physics - All Scholarship

Sedimentation in active fluids has come into focus due to the ubiquity of swimming micro-organisms in natural and industrial processes. Here, we investigate sedimentation dynamics of passive particles in a fluid as a function of bacteria E. coli concentration. Results show that the presence of swimming bacteria significantly reduces the speed of the sedimentation front even in the dilute regime, in which the sedimentation speed is expected to be independent of particle concentration. Furthermore, bacteria increase the dispersion of the passive particles, which determines the width of the sedimentation front. For short times, particle sedimentation speed has a linear dependence …

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Cell Nuclei As Cytoplasmic Rheometers, Alison E. Patteson, J. M. Schwarz Feb 2021

Cell Nuclei As Cytoplasmic Rheometers, Alison E. Patteson, J. M. Schwarz

Physics - All Scholarship

Some researchers probe the mechanics of cells by perturbing them from the outside, such as using an atomic force microscope probe to record the amount of deformation of the cell in response to applying a prescribed force at a defined speed. Other researchers probe the mechanics of cells by perturbing them from the inside, an example of which is particle-tracking microrheology, in which the spontaneous motion of submicron, passive fluorescent beads ballistically injected earlier into the cell decodes the cell moduli. Both types of probes are typically composed of nonliving material. In this issue of Biophysical Journal, Moradi and …

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A Tissue-Engineered Human Trabecular Meshwork Hydrogel For Advanced Glaucoma Disease Modeling, Haiyan Li, Tyler Bagué, Alexander Kirschner, Ana N. Strat, Haven Roberts, Robert W. Weisenthal, Alison E. Patteson, Nasim Annabi, W. Daniel Stamer, Preethi S. Ganapathy, Samuel Herberg Jan 2021

A Tissue-Engineered Human Trabecular Meshwork Hydrogel For Advanced Glaucoma Disease Modeling, Haiyan Li, Tyler Bagué, Alexander Kirschner, Ana N. Strat, Haven Roberts, Robert W. Weisenthal, Alison E. Patteson, Nasim Annabi, W. Daniel Stamer, Preethi S. Ganapathy, Samuel Herberg

Physics - All Scholarship

Abnormal human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell function and extracellular matrix(ECM) remodeling contribute to HTM stiffening in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Most current cellular HTM model systems do not sufficiently replicate the complex native three dimensional (3D) cell-ECM interface, limiting their use for investigating POAG pathology. Tissue-engineered hydrogels are ideally positioned to overcome shortcomings of current models. Here, we report a novel biomimetic HTM hydrogel and test its utility as a POAG disease model. HTM hydrogels were engineered by mixing normal donor-derived HTM cells with collagen type I, elastin-like polypeptide and hyaluronic acid, each containing photoactive functional groups, …

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The Vimentin Cytoskeleton: When Polymer Physics Meets Cell Biology, Alison E. Patteson, Robert J. Carroll, Daniel V. Iwamoto, Paul A. Janmey Nov 2020

The Vimentin Cytoskeleton: When Polymer Physics Meets Cell Biology, Alison E. Patteson, Robert J. Carroll, Daniel V. Iwamoto, Paul A. Janmey

Physics - All Scholarship

The proper functions of tissues depend on the ability of cells to withstand stress and maintain shape. Central to this process is the cytoskeleton, comprised of three polymeric networks: F-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IFs). IF proteins are among the most abundant cytoskeletal proteins in cells; yet they remain some of the least understood. Their structure and function deviate from those of their cytoskeletal partners, F-actin and microtubules. IF networks show a unique combination of extensibility, flexibility and toughness that confers mechanical resilience to the cell. Vimentin is an IF protein expressed in mesenchymal cells. This review highlights exciting new …

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Assessing Topical Homogeneity With Word Embedding And Distance Matrices, Jeffrey M. Stanton, Yisi Sang Oct 2020

Assessing Topical Homogeneity With Word Embedding And Distance Matrices, Jeffrey M. Stanton, Yisi Sang

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Researchers from many fields have used statistical tools to make sense of large bodies of text. Many tools support quantitative analysis of documents within a corpus, but relatively few studies have examined statistical characteristics of whole corpora. Statistical summaries of whole corpora and comparisons between corpora have potential application in the analysis of topically organized applications such social media platforms. In this study, we created matrix representations of several corpora and examined several statistical tests to make comparisons between pairs of corpora with respect to the topical homogeneity of documents within each corpus. Results of three experiments suggested that a …

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Mechanical And Non-Mechanical Functions Of Filamentous And Non-Filamentous Vimentin, Alison E. Patteson, Amir Vahabikashi, Robert D. Goldman, Paul A. Janmey Sep 2020

Mechanical And Non-Mechanical Functions Of Filamentous And Non-Filamentous Vimentin, Alison E. Patteson, Amir Vahabikashi, Robert D. Goldman, Paul A. Janmey

Physics - All Scholarship

Intermediate filaments (IFs) formed by vimentin are less understood than their cytoskeletal partners, microtubules and F-actin, but the unique physical properties of IFs, especially their resistance to large deformations, initially suggest a mechanical function. Indeed, vimentin IFs help regulate cell mechanics and contractility, and in crowded 3D environments they protect the nucleus during cell migration. Recently, a multitude of studies, often using genetic or proteomic screenings show that vimentin has many non-mechanical functions within and outside of cells. These include signaling roles in wound healing, lipogenesis, sterol processing, and various functions related to extracellular and cell surface vimentin. Extracellular vimentin …

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The Influence Of Surface Types Towards Run-Off Water In Urban Park, Febby Andini Aug 2020

The Influence Of Surface Types Towards Run-Off Water In Urban Park, Febby Andini

English Language Institute

Pavements in Alun Kapuas Park constribute 63 of run off water over the capacity of the soil to infiltrate. This water will potentially causes the flooding and puddling issues.

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Potential Energy Generation From Agricultural Residue In Indonesia, Adrian Rizqi Irhamna Aug 2020

Potential Energy Generation From Agricultural Residue In Indonesia, Adrian Rizqi Irhamna

English Language Institute

Indonesia has great potential of biomass sources from their agricultural residue, which can potentially be used for alternative energy generation. This preliminary research explores the most suitable technology for energy generation from agricultural residue and its challenge for application in Indonesia. The study showed that biomass utilization via the direct combustion process is recommended for energy generation. It is also reported that the pretreatment process of drying and washing, are required to increase the fuel quality and plant efficiency.

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How To Measure Nuclear Weapons Testing Impact On Glaciers Melting Pace In Novaya Zemlya Archipelago In The Russian Arctic, Evgenii Sidorov Aug 2020

How To Measure Nuclear Weapons Testing Impact On Glaciers Melting Pace In Novaya Zemlya Archipelago In The Russian Arctic, Evgenii Sidorov

English Language Institute

No abstract provided.

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Hail Detection Using Dual Polarization Weather Radar, Alfonso Ladino Rincon Aug 2020

Hail Detection Using Dual Polarization Weather Radar, Alfonso Ladino Rincon

English Language Institute

This poster highlights how active remote sensors such as weather radar are completely useful for hail detection given its feature and the information they produce. Hail detection is already well studied by the atmospheric scientific community and dual polarimetric variables values for hail signature are presented according to those advances. Then, a supervised classification technique is showed to illustrated how machine learning can be integrated to radar information for automatic hail detection. However, this fuzzy logic algorithm has the capability to distinguish between meteorological and non-meteorological echoes. This automatic information might help forecasters from National Weather Services – NWS to …

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Are Conditions Right On Other Planets For The Existence Of Life As We Know It?, Nuri Park Aug 2020

Are Conditions Right On Other Planets For The Existence Of Life As We Know It?, Nuri Park

English Language Institute

Understanding the origin of life is one fo the fundamental knowledge required to find life on extraterrestrial celestial. Among numerous phenomena that are driven by bio-molecules, self-assembly of the cellular membrane is considered as the most basic process in the origin of life. In water dominant environment of standard pressure and temperature, molecular interaction (Van der Waals force) among water molecules and phospholipids forces phospholopids to form lipid bilayer structure which is the proto structure of the cellular membrane. However, self-assembly of phospholopids in extremely pressurized wet environments has never been explored. Since liquid water in the solar system has …

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Pasteurization Effects On Microbiological Parameters In Apple Juice, Ketevan Potova Aug 2020

Pasteurization Effects On Microbiological Parameters In Apple Juice, Ketevan Potova

English Language Institute

Fruit juices are very popular products in Georgia. However, many times, they fail to compete with imported ones.

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Benefits Of Bioenergy For The Sustainable Development Of Sudan, Arwa Ibrahim Aug 2020

Benefits Of Bioenergy For The Sustainable Development Of Sudan, Arwa Ibrahim

English Language Institute

This poster discusses bioenergy and its potential benefits for Sudan’s Sustainable Development.

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The Influence Of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (Enso) On Indonesian Throughflow (Itf), Farrah Hanifah Aug 2020

The Influence Of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (Enso) On Indonesian Throughflow (Itf), Farrah Hanifah

English Language Institute

No abstract provided.

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Applying Renewable Energies Against Climate Change: Solar Photovoltaic (Pv) Energy, Juan Jose Estribi Aug 2020

Applying Renewable Energies Against Climate Change: Solar Photovoltaic (Pv) Energy, Juan Jose Estribi

English Language Institute

In recent years, more efforts towards fighting climate change have been done. As a direct response, research and technology have offered several insights regarding the specific causes, effects, and even possible solutions for resolving this global issue. Among these solutions, renewable energies and their potential contributions as clean energy sources can be assessed as feasible options for the energy transformation through the decarbonization process of the energy industry. This poster is mainly focused on solar photovoltaic (PV) energy and its great potential as a renewable energy by making a brief assessment of some important aspects such as resource availability, its …

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Trend Of Thornthwaite's Aridity Index (Ai) At Atakpame (Togo), Komlan Koudahe Aug 2020

Trend Of Thornthwaite's Aridity Index (Ai) At Atakpame (Togo), Komlan Koudahe

English Language Institute

Drought can severely affect agricultural production potential, destroying the local economy and creating famine. Data were collected (1990 to 2014) from the Meteorological Department of Togo. Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) varied with two peaks obtained on March 28 (5.84mm) and on November 17 (4.87mm). There was water deficit in all years except 2005 and 2007. Also, there was non-significant increasing trend of aridity index (AI). Specific actions should target efficient water management in Atakpame.

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Advanced Solid-State Lithium Batteries For Electric Vehicles, Yelsin Mendez Camacho Aug 2020

Advanced Solid-State Lithium Batteries For Electric Vehicles, Yelsin Mendez Camacho

English Language Institute

Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) may have the potential to safe and long-distance driving in electric-vehicles (EV). […] However, manufacturing processes and new materials need to be developed to make these batteries commercially available.

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Iot-Enabled Eldercare Technology, Watchanan Chantapakul Aug 2020

Iot-Enabled Eldercare Technology, Watchanan Chantapakul

English Language Institute

The world’s population is changing as people are growing older. Leveraging technology for eldercare is important in this century. It can enable many eldercare applications effectively.

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Virtual Reality: A Tool Used To Engage Youth In The Voting Process In Newly Democratic Tunisia, Raed Ghanja Aug 2020

Virtual Reality: A Tool Used To Engage Youth In The Voting Process In Newly Democratic Tunisia, Raed Ghanja

English Language Institute

Tunisia is facing a hard time with its transition to democracy partly due to the reluctance on the part of young people to participate in elections. This poster discusses why the Tunisian government must engage youth and encourage their participation in the election process by using fun simulations of this process in Virtual Reality.

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Digital Mapping Of Togo’S Soil Fertility: Savannah Region, Aminou Saibou Jul 2020

Digital Mapping Of Togo’S Soil Fertility: Savannah Region, Aminou Saibou

English Language Institute

A soil assessment was carried out in the savannah region of Togo in 2018, aiming at drawing the digital map of Togo’s soil fertility and making fertilizer recommendations. Soil samples were taken from geo-referenced GPS points and were analyzed for parameters such as water pH, Organic matter, available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. Thematic maps have been drawn using an ArcGIS package. The results showed that the soils of the Savannah region in Togo are mainly (84%) not very acidic (pH = 5.5 to 6.5), overall poor to very poor (84%) in organic matter (<2% OM), essentially poor to very poor (86%) in available phosphorus (<15 mg/kg of soil) and mostly very poor (87%) in exchangeable potassium (<90 mg / kg of soil). These results allowed the agricultural research institute of Togo to make fertilizer use recommendations and to develop, in partnership with Morocco, a digital platform (fertitogo.tg ) for decision making in crop fertilization.

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Working Children On Java Island 2017, Yuniarti Jul 2020

Working Children On Java Island 2017, Yuniarti

English Language Institute

Children's wellbeing has currently become a global concern as many of them are engaged in the labor force. A small area estimation (SAE) technique, EBLUP under Fey Herriot model, is employed to reveal their number in regencies of Java Island. Statistics have been disaggregated by geographical location (urban/rural) and gender. These statistics are required by the government as the basis for policy making.

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Identification Of The Planetary Boundary Layer (Pbl) Using Upper Air Observation, Elok Suci Wulandari Jul 2020

Identification Of The Planetary Boundary Layer (Pbl) Using Upper Air Observation, Elok Suci Wulandari

English Language Institute

No abstract provided.

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Loops Versus Lines And The Compression Stiffening Of Cells, Mahesh C. Gandikota, Katarzyna Pogoda, Anne Van Oosten, Tyler A. Engstrom, Alison E. Patteson, Paul E. Janmey, J. M. Schwarz Mar 2020

Loops Versus Lines And The Compression Stiffening Of Cells, Mahesh C. Gandikota, Katarzyna Pogoda, Anne Van Oosten, Tyler A. Engstrom, Alison E. Patteson, Paul E. Janmey, J. M. Schwarz

Physics - All Scholarship

Both animal and plant tissue exhibit a nonlinear rheological phenomenon known as compression stiffening, or an increase in moduli with increasing uniaxial compressive strain. Does such a phenomenon exist in single cells, which are the building blocks of tissues? One expects an individual cell to compression soften since the semiflexible biopolymer-based cytoskeletal network maintains the mechanical integrity of the cell and in vitro semiflexible biopolymer networks typically compression soften. To the contrary, we find that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mEFs) compression stiffen under uniaxial compression via atomic force microscopy studies. To understand this finding, we uncover several potential mechanisms for compression …

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Finding Datasets In Publications: The Syracuse University Approach, Tong Zeng, Daniel E. Acuna Mar 2020

Finding Datasets In Publications: The Syracuse University Approach, Tong Zeng, Daniel E. Acuna

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

Datasets are critical for scientific research, playing a role in replication, reproducibility, and efficiency. Researchers have recently shown that datasets are becoming more important for science to function properly, even serving as artifacts of study themselves. However, citing datasets is not a common or standard practice in spite of recent efforts by data repositories and funding agencies. This greatly affects our ability to track their usage and importance. A potential solution to this problem is to automatically extract dataset mentions from scientific articles. In this work, we propose to achieve such extraction by using a neural network based on a …

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