Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Medical Procedure Expert System, Timothy Whitney, Jeremy Straub, Eunjin Kim

Jeremy Straub

Artificial intelligence is an area of research in computer science that allows for computer systems to make logical decisions based on its environment. This basic ability can be applied to many problems, including detecting abnormalities in a system, such as commands issued by malicious users, or erroneous commands from valid users. The ability to detect such commands is particularly useful in high risk application where such a command could result in harm to people. This research focuses on one such area by applying the decision making power of AI towards a medical use by developing an expert system to detect …

Pattern Recognition And Expert Systems For Microwave Wireless Power Transmission Failure Prevention, Cameron Kerbaugh, Allen Mcdermott, Jeremy Straub, Eunjin Kim

Jeremy Straub

Wireless power transfer (WPT) can be used to deliver space-generated power to ground stations through the use of microwave beams. WPT satellite power delivery systems have two major failure states: misdi-recting a beam and failing to send power to a station. This project has implemented an expert system to perform pattern recognition in an effort to prevent failures by analyzing the system state and predicting potential failures before they happen in support of space-based testing [1] and deployment [2].

Course Outcome Prediction Using An Expert System, Michael Kuehn, Jared Estad, Jeremy Straub, Eunjin Kim

Jeremy Straub

Determining how well a student will perform in a course based on their prior knowledge of the course material and other factors may help determine student placement and the need for remedial instruction. This poster presents work on the creation of an expert system that attempts to predict a student’s performance based on a pre-evaluation test and responses to background preparation questions. This work utilizes data from prior students to train and test the system.

Pattern Recognition For Detecting Failures In Space Solar Power Systems, Allen Mcdermott, Cameron Kerbaugh, Jeremy Straub, Eunjin Kim

Jeremy Straub

This poster covers work relating to the use of expert systems and pattern recognition to attempt to identify, detect and prospectively stop patterns of activity that could potentially lead to failure of a space solar power (SSP) system. A database-based expert system has is presented to identify patterns, which can be used to determine whether a power beam could hit a unintend- ed target and potentially cause a calamity. This has been implemented via a facts-rule network via which supplied and collected facts and a rule set is used to de- termine whether the system is operating correctly (from a …

An Onboard Distributed Multiprocessing System For A Cubesat Spacecraft Created From Gumstix Computer-On-Module Units, Michael Wegerson, Jeremy Straub, Ronald Marsh

Jeremy Straub

The OpenOrbiter Small Spacecraft Development Initiative at the University of North Dakota [1] aims to make ac-cess to space for research and educational purposes easier by enabling the creation of low-cost CubeSats. It is creating the Open Prototype for Educational Nanosats (OPEN), a framework for developing a 1-U CubeSat space-craft with a parts cost of less than $5,000 [2]. The designs [3], documentation and computer code from this will be made publically available to enable the development of programs at other institutions.

Considering Scheduling Algorithms For An Open Source Software Spacecraft, Calvin Bina, Jeremy Straub, Ronald Marsh

Jeremy Straub

The OpenOrbiter Small Satellite Development Initiative at the University of North Dakota [1] is working make space research and education more accessible world-wide [2], through the design and public release of a complete set of plans, software and other documents (see [3]) for a 1-U CubeSat. This design targets a parts cost of no more than $5,000 [4]. These lowered costs, combined with the efficiencies of the CubeSat form fac-tor [5] and free-to-qualified-developer launch services [6, 7] should facilitate greater access to space for the ed-ucational, research and other communities.

Work Done On The Operating Software For Openorbiter, Dayln Limesand, Timothy Whitney, Jeremy Straub, Ronald Marsh

Jeremy Straub

The OpenOrbiter Program aims to develop a tem-plate for a CubeSat spacecraft that can be used world-wide to reduce spacecraft development costs1. Unlike other approaches, which may require $50,000 in upfront hardware costs2 or $250,000 in design expenses2, an OPEN-class spacecraft can be built with a parts budget of under $5,0003. This aims to enable low-cost educa-tional missions and missions in developing regions4.

Detecting Failures In Space Solar Power Systems With Pattern Recognition, Allen Mcdermott, Cameron Kerbaugh, Jeremy Straub

Jeremy Straub

This poster covers work relating to the use of expert systems and pattern recognition to attempt to identify, detect and prospectively stop patterns of activity that could potentially lead to failure of a space solar power (SSP) system. A database-based expert system has is presented to identify patterns, which can be used to determine whether a power beam could hit a unintend-ed target and potentially cause a calamity. This has been implemented via a facts-rule network via which supplied and collected facts and a rule set is used to de-termine whether the system is operating correctly (from a holistic perspective). …

An Expert System For Microwave Wireless Power Transmission Failure Prevention, Cameron Kerbaugh, Allen Mcdermott, Jeremy Straub

Jeremy Straub

Wireless power transfer (WPT) can be used to deliver space-generated power to ground stations through the use of microwave beams. WPT satellite power delivery systems have two major failure states: misdi-recting a beam and failing to send power to a station. This project has implemented an expert system to perform pattern recognition in an effort to prevent failures by analyzing the system state and predicting potential failures before they happen in support of space-based testing [1] and deployment [2].

Three-Dimensional Printing And Scanning Web-Based Job Management System, Stephanie Hollman, Dalyn Limesand, Jeremy Straub, Scott Kerlin

Jeremy Straub

Three-dimensional (3D) printers have gained popularity for use for many different projects. The work presented herein aims to make this process simpler. This poster discusses a system that will allow individuals from all over campus to submit object files for printing, without having to schedule appointments and schedule 3D scanning appointments and retrieve scan results.

Adsorption Of Co2 Molecule On The (Mgo)9 And (Cao)9 Nanoclusters; A Theoretical Study, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Fathi Hassan Bawa

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Binding configurations of CO2 on (MgO)9 and (CaO)9 cluster models are investigated by means of density functional theory model calculations. The results show that CO2 adsorbs as monodentate on MgO and CaO terrace site leads to formation of surface carbonates CO3 2- . Marginal differences in the binding stabilities between the CO2 molecule and surface O2- site were found to be significantly similar. The estimated adsorption energies are 1.47 eV and 1.52 eV at the (MgO)9 and (CaO)9 clusters, respectively. The similarity in binding energies is discussed in terms of cluster electropositivity. Adsorbed CO2, to (MgO)9 surface vibration frequencies are …

Fabrication Of Sno2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Films For Sensing No2 Gas At Room-Temperature, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Pi-Guey Su, Ching-Hsuan Wei A, Wei-Luen Shiu

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

One-pot polyol process was combined with metal organic decomposition (MOD) method to fabricate a room-temperature NO2 gas sensor based on tin dioxide and reduced graphene oxide (SO2/RGO) nanocomposite films. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the structure and morphology of the fabricated films. The electrical and NO2 gas-sensing properties of SnO2 to which various amounts of RGO were added were measured in detail as a function of concentration of NO2 gas at room temperature, to elucidate the contribution of RGO to the NO2 gas-sensing capacity. The sensor that was based on a nanocomposite film …

Structure And Study Of Elements In Ternary Γ-Semigroups, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, D. Madhusudhana Rao, M. Vasantha, M. Venkateswara Rao

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In this paper we introduce the notion of a ternary Γ- semigroup is introduced and some examples are given. Further the terms commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, quasi commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, normal ternary Γ- semigroup, left pseudo commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, right pseudo commutative ternary Γ-semigroup are introduced and characterized them. In section 2, the terms; ternary Γ-subsemigroup, ternary Γ-subsemigroup generated by a subset, cyclic ternary Γ-subsemigroup of a ternary Γ-semigroup and cyclic ternary Γ-semigroup are introduced and characterized them In section 3, we discussed some special elements of a ternary Γ-semigroups and characterized them.

Structure And Study Of Elements In Ternary Γ-Semigroups, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, D. Madhusudhana Rao, M. Vasantha, M. Venkateswara Rao

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

In this paper we introduce the notion of a ternary Γ- semigroup is introduced and some examples are given. Further the terms commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, quasi commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, normal ternary Γ- semigroup, left pseudo commutative ternary Γ-semigroup, right pseudo commutative ternary Γ-semigroup are introduced and characterized them. In section 2, the terms; ternary Γ-subsemigroup, ternary Γ-subsemigroup generated by a subset, cyclic ternary Γ-subsemigroup of a ternary Γ-semigroup and cyclic ternary Γ-semigroup are introduced and characterized them In section 3, we discussed some special elements of a ternary Γ-semigroups and characterized them.

Are Cyber Weapons Effective Military Tools?, Emilio Iasiello

Emilio Iasiello

Cyber-attacks are often viewed in academic and military writings as strategic asymmetric weapons, great equalizers with the potential of leveling the battlefield between powerful nations and those less capable. More substantive examples demonstrate that cyber-attacks have been more successful in non-military activities, as they may serve as a clandestine weapon of subterfuge better positioned to incapacitate systems without alerting the victims, veiling the orchestrator’s true identity via proxy groups and plausible deniability. Consequently, this paper provides a counter argument to the idea that cyber tools are instrumental military weapons in modern day warfare; cyber weapons are more effective options during …

Optimal Control Of A Switched Autonomous System With Time Delay Arising In Fed-Batch Processes, Chongyang Liu

Chongyang Liu

In this paper, we propose a switched autonomous system with time delay to model the 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) production in a fed-batch process. Taking the switching instants and the terminal time as the control variables, we formulate a constrained time-delayed optimal control (CTOC) problem to optimize the 1,3-PD production process. Using a time-scaling transformation and parametrizing the switching instants into new parameters, an equivalent CTOC problem is investigated. A numerical solution method is then developed to seek the optimal control strategy. This method is based on the constraint transcription technique and the gradients of the cost functional together with those of …

Glowing Seashells: Diversity Of Fossilized Coloration Patterns On Coral Reef-Associated Cone Snail (Gastropoda: Conidae) Shells From The Neogene Of The Dominican Republic, Jonathan R. Hendricks

Jonathan R. Hendricks

The biology of modern Conidae (cone snails)—which includes the hyperdiverse genus Conus—has been intensively studied, but the fossil record of the clade remains poorly understood, particularly within an evolutionary framework. Here, ultraviolet light is used to reveal and characterize the original shell coloration patterns of 28 species of cone snails from three Neogene coral reef-associated deposits from the Cibao Valley, northern Dominican Republic. These fossils come from the upper Miocene Cercado Fm. and lower Pliocene Gurabo Fm., and range in age from about 6.6-4.8 Ma. Comparison of the revealed coloration patterns with those of extant species allow the taxa to …

Zastosowanie Systemu Modeli Calmet/Calpuff O Wysokiej Rozdzielczości Do Oceny Wpływu Na Jakość Powietrza Spalarni Odpadów Komunalnych W Krakowie, Mateusz Rzeszutek, Robert Oleniacz

Robert Oleniacz

In this paper there was presented a comprehensive assessment of the impact on air for the Municipal Solid Waste Incineration (MSWI) plant in Krakow with the planned start of operation by the end of 2015. Construction of the plant started in autumn 2013 in the district of Nowa Huta in Krakow. Modeling of the spread of pollutants in ambient air was conducted using an advanced multi-layer cloud CALPUFF Gaussian model, whose algorithms include, among other things, diversity of terrain. Spatial data of land area in the admitted computational domain are obtained from digital terrain model Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM3) …

A Web-Based Job Management System For Three-Dimensional Printing And Scanning At The University Of North Dakota, Dalyn Limesand, Stephanie Hollman, Jeremy Straub, Scott Kerlin

Jeremy Straub

Three-dimensional (3D) printers have gained popularity for use for many different projects. The work presented herein aims to make this process simpler. This paper discusses a system that will allow individuals from across campus to submit object files for printing by a 3D printer, without having to schedule appointment and manually operate it.

Logistical requirements dictate some level of human involvement, despite a goal of creating a fully automated system. Involvement areas include converting /preparing submitted files, sending the job to the printer, print tray preparation, and completed object removal. From a user’s perspective, however a seamless experience is anticipated. …

The Creation Of A Communication Systems For A Small Satellite At The University Of North Dakota, Michael Hlas, Jeremy Straub, Ronald Marsh

Jeremy Straub

Software defined radios (SDRs) are poised to significantly enhance the future of small spacecraft communications. They allow signal processing to be performed on a computer by software rather than requiring dedicated hardware. The SDR takes data from the flight computer and converts it into an analog signal that is transmitted via the spacecraft antenna. Because the signal processing is done in software, the radio can be easily reconfigured.

Data is prepared for transmission by TCP stack software onboard the OpenOrbiter Spacecraft and placed in a queue while the spacecraft is listening for a signal from a ground station. When a …

Update On The Development Of A 1-U Cubesat At The University Of North Dakota, Jeremy Straub, Ronald Marsh

Jeremy Straub

An overview of the progress on the development of the OpenOrbiter CubeSat is presented. This covers, at a high level, the work that has been performed during the past year and foundational work that occurred prior to this. This poster also discusses future plans for the Open Prototype for Educational NanoSats (OPEN) framework and the OpenOrbiter Small Spacecraft Development Initiative. Particular focus is given to the ongoing work to prepare for an orbital launch, which the program has been down-selected for through the NASA ELaNa CubeSat Launch Initiative program.

In addition to this discussion of the program’s origins, goals and …

Scheduling Algorithm Development For An Open Source Software Spacecraft, Calvin Bina, Jeremy Straub, Ronald Marsh

Jeremy Straub

The OpenOrbiter project at the University of North Dakota is working to develop a set of designs for a CubeSat class spacecraft as well as a working, modular collection of open source code that can be used by other CubeSat projects as a starting point for development. The availability of these designs and this codebase should foster accelerated development for other CubeSat projects, allowing those projects to focus their effort on their own application area, instead of reinventing the proverbial wheel. One aspect of this is to implement a task scheduler which will run on a Raspberry Pi flight computer …

Wikipedia And Medicine: Quantifying Readership, Editors, And The Significance Of Natural Language, James M. Heilman, Andrew G. West

Andrew G. West

BACKGROUND: Wikipedia is a collaboratively edited encyclopedia. One of the most popular websites on the Internet, it is known to be a frequently used source of healthcare information by both professionals and the lay public.

OBJECTIVE: This document quantifies: (1) The amount of medical content on Wikipedia, (2) the citations supporting Wikipedia’s medical content, (3) the readership of medical content, and (4) the quantity/characteristics of Wikipedia’s medical contributors

METHODS: Using a well-defined categorization infrastructure we identify medically pertinent English Wikipedia articles and links to their foreign language equivalents (Objective 1). With these, Wikipedia’s API can be queried to produce metadata …

Rapid Phase Transformation Under Local Non-Equilibrium Diffusion Conditions, Sergey Sobolev

Sergey Sobolev

Phase transformation with a moving interface occurs under far from local equilibrium conditions when the interface moves with sufficiently high velocity. This deviation cannot be adequately described by the classical irreversible thermodynamics with diffusion equation of parabolic type because it assumes local equilibrium hypothesis. The local non-equilibrium diffusion model has been developed to take into account the deviation from local equilibrium during binary alloy solidification using the hyperbolic diffusion equation. The model introduces a finite propagation velocity of concentration disturbances in the bulk liquid VD as the characteristic diffusion parameter and predicts a sharp transition from diffusion controlled to diffusionless …

An Overview Of The Openorbiter Autonomous Operating Software, Dayln Limesand, Timothy Whitney, Jeremy Straub, Ronald Marsh

Jeremy Straub

The OpenOrbiter spacecraft aims to demonstrate the efficacy of the Open Prototype for Educational Nanosats (OPEN) framework. Software is an important part of this framework. This paper discusses the operating software for the spacecraft (which runs on top of the Linux operating system to command spacecraft operations). It presents an overview of this software and then pays particular attention to the aspects of software design that enable onboard autonomy. It also discusses the messaging scheme that is used onboard and the testing and validation plan. Finally, it discusses system extensibility, before concluding.

Nanosatellite Scheduling Using A Dictionary Module And A ‘Useful Trick’ With Coded Unsigned Integers, Monilito Castro, Jeremy Straub

Jeremy Straub

Schedulers for small spacecraft must satisfy the dual requirement of generating very efficient schedules while concurrently minimizing the resources required to create the schedule. This paper proposes a technique for searching for tasks that can be utilized to fill particular schedule locations. This approach is based on a modular system for storing important variables. This modular system has three important variables: t0, x0 and y0. The variable y is latitude and x is longitude. Time variable t is an integer and each unit represents a time quantum. They are related to each other by three functions Ft, Fx, and Fy. …

Swarm Intelligence, A Blackboard Architecture And Local Decision Making For Spacecraft Command, Jeremy Straub

Jeremy Straub

Control of a multi-spacecraft constellation is a topic of significant inquiry, at present. This paper presents and evaluates a command architecture for a multi-spacecraft mission. It combines swarm techniques with a decentralized / local decision making architecture (which uses a set of shared blackboards for coordination) and demonstrates the efficacy of this approach. Under this approach, the Blackboard software architecture is used to facilitate data sharing between craft as part of a resilient hierarchy and the swarm techniques are used to coordinate activity. The paper begins with an overview of prior work on the precursor command technologies and then presents …

Small Satellite Communications Security And Student Learning In The Development Of Ground Station Software, Scott Kerlin, Jeremy Straub, Jacob Huhn, Alexander Lewis

Jeremy Straub

Communications security is gaining importance as small spacecraft include actuator capabilities (i.e., propulsion), payloads which could be misappropriated (i.e., high resolution cameras), and research missions with high value/cost. However, security is limited by capability, interoperability and regulation. Additionally, as the small satellite community becomes more mainstream and diverse, the lack of cheap, limited-to-no configuration, pluggable security modules for small satellites also presents a limit for user adoption of security.

This paper discusses a prospective approach for incorporating robust security into a student-developed ground station created at the University of North Dakota as part of a Computer Science Department senior design …

Using A Constellation Of Cubesats For In-Space Optical 3d Scanning, Jeremy Straub

Jeremy Straub

The assessment of in-space objects is an area of ongoing research. Characterization of resident space objects (RSOs) can be useful for assessing the operating status of operator-affiliated or non-affiliated space assets, identifying unknown objects or gathering additional details for known objects. Under the proposed approach, a ring-like constellation of CubeSats passes around the target (at a distance) collecting imagery. This imagery is then utilized to create a 3D model of the target. This paper considers several key elements of a constellation to perform this type of imaging, including the constellation design and imaging capabilities required and the astrodynamics relevant to …

Effect Of Eva Content Upon The Dielectric Properties In Ldpe-Eva Films, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Hojjat, Amrollahi, Mahmood, Borhani

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Low density polyethylene (LDPE) blends with different percentages of ethylene vinyl acetate polymer membranes were prepared by a hot press casting method. The effects of EVA content on the electrical properties of LDPE were studied. The results on the electrical properties revealed that the surface resistance, volume resistivity, and breakdown voltage of the LDPE decrease with EVA content and reach a minimum at a 30 wt% of EVA. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor were increased with increasing EVA content up to 30 wt% of EVA. It can be deduced that the electrical properties of LDPE are improved by blending …