Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Biological Evaluation Of The Vaccine Candidate Tf-Ps A1 And A One-Pot Multicomponent Coupling/Cyclization For Natural Product Herbicide (±)-Thaxtomin A, Jean Paul Bourgault

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE VACCINE CANDIDATE TF-PS A1 AND A ONE-POT MULTICOMPONENT COUPLING/CYCLIZATION FOR NATURAL PRODUCT HERBICIDE (±)-THAXTOMIN A

By

JEAN PAUL BOURGAULT

August 2015

Advisor: Prof. Peter R. Andreana

Major: Chemistry (Organic)

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

The -aminooxy derivative of the Thomsen–Friedenreich tumor associated carbohydrate antigen has been synthesized in 11 steps utilizing a D-GalN3 acceptor carrying a pre-installed -N-hydroxysuccinimidyl moiety. The natural  linkage was prepared in high selectivity employing a suitably protected D-GalN3-thioglycoside donor with N-hydroxysuccinimide. With access to -TF-ONH2, the preparation of the TF-PS A1 vaccine candidate ensued smoothly through oxime bond formation. This construct …

Efficient Algorithms And Optimizations For Scientific Computing On Many-Core Processors, Kamel Rushaidat

Wayne State University Dissertations

Designing efficient algorithms for many-core and multicore architectures requires using different strategies to allow for the best exploitation of the hardware resources on those architectures. Researchers have ported many scientific applications to modern many-core and multicore parallel architectures, and by doing so they have achieved significant speedups over running on single CPU cores. While many applications have achieved significant speedups, some applications still require more effort to accelerate due to their inherently serial behavior.

One class of applications that has this serial behavior is the Monte Carlo simulations. Monte Carlo simulations have been used to simulate many problems in statistical …

Multiple Dalitz Plot Analysis At Cleo-C, Mackenzie Smith

Wayne State University Dissertations

Dalitz Plot analysis is a standard technique for the study of weak hadronic 3-body decays. This technique allows us to extract the relative amplitudes, phases, and fit fractions of the resonances that are the primary product of such decays. A Dalitz analysis is complicated by the presence of two or more interfering resonances that appear at the same place on the plot. In this analysis I attempt to resolve the $K^{0}_{s} a_{0}(980)^{0}$ and $K^{0}_{s} f_{0}(980)$ in the decay of $D^{0} \to K^{0}_{s} K^{+} K^{-}$. Using the $K^{0}_{s} a_{0}(980)^{0}$ resonance found in $D^{0} \to K^{0}_{s} \pi^{0} \eta$, I compare equating a …

Plus: A Unique Personalized Literature Recommender System, Jingwen Zhang

Wayne State University Theses

There are massive research papers published from various of disciplines every year, and people who are engaged in scientific research usually have to spend a large amount of time on searching and finding the papers that they are interested in.

In this thesis, we illustrated a unique personalized literature recommender system (PLUS) which was proposed to predict users' personal research interests and recommend the latest papers to them as much as possible. The system shows advantages in four aspects: (1) it takes multiple sources that could reflect a user's personal research interest as the input; (2) it prevents the recommendations …

Synthesis Of Cryptands For Eu2+-Containing Complexes, Chengcheng Wang

Wayne State University Theses

Eu2+-containing complexes have considerable applications in synthetic chemistry, medical diagnosis, and materials science. However, Eu2+ is easily oxidized in solution when exposed to air. Allen and coworkers have demonstrated that Eu2+ can be stabilized by functionalized cryptands. Based on this idea, I focused my research on synthesizing cryptands. The progress towards synthesizing several modified cryptands is described in the thesis. The Eu2+-containing complexes of these cryptates have potential applications as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, luminescent materials, and magnetic materials.

Search For Fully Reconstructed W Boson Decay, Sangeetha Baskaran

Wayne State University Theses

We have applied techniques used in reconstructing charm and bottom hadron decays to reconstruct W Boson decay. This technique can also be used for the study of other heavy Boson decays. We search for the decay of a W Boson to a D+ meson and a K*0 meson. Events are selected based on the topology of the displaced decay vertex of the D+ → K^- π^+ π^+ . The K*0 is reconstructed in its K^± π^∓ decay mode.

Developing An Automated Forecasting Framework For Predicting Operation Room Block Time, Azad Sadr Haghighi

Wayne State University Theses

Operating rooms are the most important part of the hospitals, since they have highest influence on financial state of the hospital. Because of high uncertainty in surgery cases demands and their durations, the scheduling of the surgeries becomes a very challenging and critical issue in hospitals. One of the most common approaches to overcome this uncertainty is applying block times which is the time intervals allocated to surgery groups in the hospital. Assigning sufficient amount of the time to each block, is very important, since overestimating lead to wasting resources and on the other hand underestimation causes the overtime staffing …

Effective Auto Encoder For Unsupervised Sparse Representation, Faria Mahnaz

Wayne State University Theses

High dimensionality and the sheer size of unlabeled data available today demand

new development in unsupervised learning of sparse representation. Despite of recent

advances in representation learning, most of the current methods are limited when

dealing with large scale unlabeled data. In this study, we propose a new unsupervised

method that is able to learn sparse representation from unlabeled data efficiently. We

derive a closed-form solution based on the sequential minimal optimization (SMO)

for training an auto encoder-decoder module, which efficiently extracts sparse and

compact features from any data set with various size. The inference process in the

proposed learning …

Unsupervised Learning And Image Classification In High Performance Computing Cluster, Itauma Itauma

Wayne State University Theses

Feature learning and object classification in machine learning have become very active research areas in recent decades. Identifying good features has various benefits for object classification in respect to reducing the computational cost and increasing the classification accuracy. In addition, many research studies have focused on the use of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to improve the training time for machine learning algorithms. In this study, the use of an alternative platform, called High Performance Computing Cluster (HPCC), to handle unsupervised feature learning, image and speech classification and improve the computational cost is proposed.

HPCC is a Big Data processing and …

Quantitative And Qualitative Evaluation Of Metrics On Object Graphs Extracted By Abstract Interpretation, Sumukhi Chandrashekar

Wayne State University Theses

Evaluating programming-language based techniques is crucial to judge their usefulness in practice but requires a careful selection of systems on

which to evaluate the technique. Since it is particularly hard to evaluate a heavyweight technique, such as one that requires adding annotations

to the code or rewriting the system in a radically different language, it is common to use a lightweight proxy to predict the technique's usefulness

for a system. But the reliability of such a proxy is unclear.

We propose a principled data-driven approach to derive a lightweight proxy for a heavyweight technique that requires adding annotations to the …

Design And Synthesis Of Isatin-Based Caspase Inhibitors For Ruthenium Caging Applications, Kasun Chinthaka Ratnayake

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF ISATIN BASED CASPASE INHIBITORS FOR RUTHENIUM CAGING APPLICATIONS

by

KASUN CHINTHAKA RATNAYAKE

August 2015

Advisor: Jeremy J. Kodanko, Ph.D.

Major: Chemistry (Organic)

Degree: Master of Science

Apoptosis is the energy dependent programmed cell death. Improper function of apoptosis could lead to diseases such as cancers, strokes, Alziemer’s disease. Caspases are the enzymes involved in the later stage of this process. Peptidyl and non-peptidyl caspase inhibitors have been synthesized recently. These non-peptidyl compound classes which consist of pyrrolidinyl-5-sulfo isatins have showed a greater potency against executioner caspases, caspase-3 and -7. According to literature and for further …

A Customer Choice Modeling Framework For Assortment Planning Of Configurable Products In Automotive Industry, Farah Dubaisi

Wayne State University Theses

Due to the increased competition in the auto industry, proliferation of the vehicle models and increased customer need for choice and customization, it has become more critical than ever to offer a variety of features and customization flexibility while at the same time restraining and, even better, cutting down the costs. Product complexity, in the automotive industry, can be measured by the size of the assortment offered, i.e., set of vehicle configurations a customer can choose from (e.g., for a given model of a brand). While complexity fosters growth with increased alignment of product characteristics and customer needs, it results …

Evaluation Of Hygroscopic Soil Amendments And Natural Freeze-Thaw Cycling To Accelerate The Mechanical Breakdown Of Artifacts In Demolition Site Soils, Phillip Joseph Backers

Wayne State University Theses

Many cities worldwide have areas of vacant land produced by building demolition. This open space has attracted great interest as a potential resource for green infrastructure, urban agriculture, and other purposes related to urban renewal. Unfortunately, rock-like artifacts (e.g. brick, mortar, concrete) are often present in great abundance in demolition site soils. These artifacts make the soil difficult to till, create obstacles for root penetration, and limit the soil’s water-holding capacity, infiltration and aeration. As an alternative to physical removal, this study was carried out to test the feasibility of using hygroscopic compounds as soil amendments to accelerate the mechanical …

Bayesian Approach For Early Stage Event Prediction In Survival Data, Mahtab Jahanbani Fard

Wayne State University Theses

Predicting event occurrence at an early stage in longitudinal studies is an important and challenging problem which has high practical value. As opposed to the standard classification and regression problems where a domain expert can provide the labels for the data in a reasonably short period of time, training data in such longitudinal studies must be obtained only by waiting for the occurrence of sufficient number of events. On the other hand, survival analysis aims at finding the underlying distribution for data that measure the length of time until the occurrence of an event. However, it cannot give an answer …

Effects Of Anthropogenic Particles On The Chemical And Geophysical Properties Of Urban Soils, Detroit, Michigan, Katharine Orlicki

Wayne State University Theses

There is a great need in many cities for a better quality of urban soil maps. This is due to the increasing interest in repurposing vacant land for urban redevelopment, agriculture, and green infrastructure. Mapping vacant urban land in Detroit can be very difficult because anthropogenic soils were often highly variable and frequently contained demolition debris (such as brick), this makes it difficult to use a hand auger. This study was undertaken in Detroit, MI to create a more efficient way to map urban soils based on their geophysical and chemical properties. This will make the mapping process faster, less …

Predictive Analytics For Disease Condition Of Patients In Emergency Department, Azade Tabaie

Wayne State University Theses

Emergency Departments (EDs) in hospitals are experiencing severe crowding and prolonged patient waiting times. The reported crowding in hospitals shows patients in hospital hallways, long waiting times and full occupancy of ED beds. ED crowding has several potential unfavorable effects including patients and staff frustration, lower patient satisfaction and poor health outcomes. The primary motivations behind this study are shortening the patients’ waiting time and improving patient satisfaction and level of care.

The very initial interaction between clinicians and a patient is recorded on nurse triage notes which contain details of the reason for patient’s visit including specific symptoms and …

The Impact Of Increased Optimization Problem Dimensionality On Cultural Algorithm Performance, Yang Yang

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

The Impact of Increased Optimization Problem Dimensionality on

Cultural Algorithm Performance

by

Yang Yang

August 2015

Advisor: Dr. Robert Reynolds

Major: Computer Science

Degree: Master of Science

In this thesis, we investigate the performance of Cultural Algorithms when dealing with the increasing dimensionality of optimization problems. The research is based on previous cultural algorithm approaches with the Cultural Algorithms Toolkit, CAT 2.0, which supports a variety of co-evolutionary features at both the knowledge and population levels. In this project, the system was applied to the solution of 60 randomly generated problems that ranged from 2-dimensional to 5-dimensional problem spaces. …

(I)Chromatographic Methods For Solute Descriptor Determinations (Ii)Ruthenium Substrate-Catalyzed Growth Of Nickel Nitride Thin Films By Atomic Layer Deposition, Thiloka Chandima Ariyasena

Wayne State University Dissertations

Determination of distribution levels of environmentally important compounds in various environmental compartments is a major procedure in many fields including environmental risk assessment, food and drug safety, and the perfumery industry. Models for direct estimation of environmental properties were developed using gas chromatography and liquid-liquid partitioning. The developed models were used to derive descriptor values for environmentally important organic compounds. The accuracy of the developed models and descriptor values were demonstrated by the application to the estimation of standard environmental properties and by comparison with experimental solute property values.

Quantitative structure property relationships were constructed for totally organic biphasic partition …

Synthesis, Characterization, And Rna Reactivity Of Amino-Acid-Linked Cisplatin Analogues, Xun Bao

Wayne State University Dissertations

The essential role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the cell life cycle is highlighted by protein synthesis; therefore, the ribosome is considered to be an ideal drug target. Ribosomal RNAs exhibit a high level of structural diversity. The well-known anticancer drug cisplatin was previously applied as a chemical probe of rRNA structure to determine solvent accessible purines (guanosine) in vivo and in vitro. Cisplatin accumulates faster on RNA than DNA, with less chance of repair. As such, designing new RNA-targeting Pt compounds is not only a promising direction for chemical-probing applications, but also for the design of anticancer drugs that …

Enhancement In Electrochemical Performance Of Advanced Battery Electrodes Using Carbon- Nanomaterial Composites, Kulwinder Dhindsa

Wayne State University Dissertations

LiFePO4 has attracted great interest as a cathode material for lithium ion batteries due to its reasonably high theoretical capacity (170mAh/g), thermal stability, high Li ion reversibility and low cost. However, prohibitively low electronic conductivity (~10-9 S/cm) of LiFePO4 leads to high impedance, low capacity and low rate capability. To overcome this bottleneck, we have developed multiple approaches to improve the conductivity of LiFePO4. Motivated by the outstanding electronic and mechanical properties as well as high surface area of graphene, we prepared LiFePO4/graphene nano-composites by a sol-gel method. The phase purity of the nano LiFePO4/Graphene composite was confirmed by X-Ray …

Developing A Toolbox To Probe Reaction Dynamics With Strong Field Ionization And Non-Linear Attosecond Spectroscopy, Thushani Nikeshala Herath

Wayne State University Dissertations

Electronic motions which happen in 10 to 100 of attoseconds are the heart of all processes in nature. Therefore monitoring and extracting details in this fundamental level will provide new prospect to the areas as information technology, basic energy science, medicine and life sciences. The challenge being, develop a tool to reach such a fast time scale for real time observation in atomic level. In this thesis work we have address this matter using two interesting approaches related to the laser matter interaction: strong field ionization and nonlinear attosecond spectroscopy. The first part is based on the studies related to …

Shape Analysis Using Spectral Geometry, Jiaxi Hu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Shape analysis is a fundamental research topic in computer graphics and computer vision. To date, more and more 3D data is produced by those advanced acquisition capture devices, e.g., laser scanners, depth cameras, and CT/MRI scanners. The increasing data demands advanced analysis tools including shape matching, retrieval, deformation, etc. Nevertheless, 3D Shapes are represented with Euclidean transformations such as translation, scaling, and rotation and digital mesh representations are irregularly sampled. The shape can also deform non-linearly and the sampling may vary. In order to address these challenging problems, we investigate Laplace-Beltrami shape spectra from the differential geometry perspective, focusing more …

Predictable Real-Time Wireless Networking For Sensing And Control, Xiaohui Liu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Towards the end goal of providing predictable real-time wireless networking for sensing and control, we have developed a real-time routing protocol MTA that predictably delivers data by their deadlines, and a scheduling protocol PRKS to ensure a certain link reliability based on the Physical-ratio-K (PRK) model, which is both realistic and amenable for distributed implementation, and a greedy scheduling algorithm to deliver as many packets as possible to the sink by a deadline in lossy multi-hop wireless sensor networks.

Real-time routing is a basic element of closed-loop, real-time sensing and control, but it is challenging due to dynamic, uncertain link/path …

Investigation Of Temperature Dependent Magnetic Hyperthermia In Fe3o4 Ferrofluids, Humeshkar Bhaskar Nemala

Wayne State University Dissertations

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of Fe3O4 and gamma-Fe2O3 have been exploited in the biomedical fields for imaging, targeted drug delivery and magnetic hyperthermia. Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), the production of heat using ferrofluids, colloidal suspensions of MNPs, in an external AC magnetic field (amplitude, 100-500 Oe and frequency 50 kHz -1MHz), has been explored by many researchers, both in vitro and in vivo, as an alternative viable option to treat cancer. The heat energy generated by Néel and Brownian relaxation processes of the internal magnetic spins could be used to elevate local tissue temperature to about 46 ˚C to arrest cancerous growth. …

Classical And Ab Initio Qm/Mm Simulations Of Bacterial Enzymes, Sajeewa Walimuni Dewage

Wayne State University Dissertations

This thesis describes analyses performed on three enzyme systems. Chapter 2, 3, and 4 involve studies carried out on the GatCAB enzyme of H. pylori and S. aureus. Since information at the electronic level was not required for these studies, sampling of the configuration space carried out at the molecular mechanics level was adequate. In Chapter 2, the snapshots sampled using MD were used as input for average correlation difference calculations and average RMSD difference calculations to ascertain the existence of a communication pathway between two subunits of GatCAB. Experimental and computational results obtained, suggest the existence of a communication …

Development Of Inlet And Vacuum Ionization Methods For Characterization Of Biological Materials By Mass Spectrometry, Beixi Wang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Inlet ionization and vacuum ionization are novel ionization methods to produce electrospray ionization (ESI)-like ions from the solid or liquid states, operating from atmospheric pressure (AP) or vacuum, without the use of voltage or the necessity of high energy input such as a laser or particle beam. The fundamental aspects were probed for better understanding of the novel ionization processes. Initial applications were attempted to utilize the novel ionization methods for fast, robust, and quantitative analyses.

For inlet ionizations (laserspray ionization inlet, LSII; matrix assisted ionization inlet, MAII; and solvent assisted ionization inlet, SAII), small (e.g. drugs) to large (e.g. …

Evolving Heterogeneous And Subcultured Social Networks For Optimization Problem Solving In Cultural Algorithms, Yousof Gawasmeh

Wayne State University Dissertations

Cultural Algorithms are computational models of social evolution based upon principle of Cultural Evolution. A Cultural Algorithm are composed of a Belief Space consisting of a network of active and passive knowledge sources and a Population Space of agents. The agents are connected via a social fabric over which information used in agent problem solving is passed. The knowledge sources in the Belief Space compete with each other in order to influence the decision making of agents in the Population Space. Likewise, the problem solving experiences of agents in the Population Space are sent back to the Belief Space and …

Frequency Domain Ultrasound Waveform Tomography Breast Imaging, Gursharan Singh Sandhu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Ultrasound tomography is an emerging modality for imaging breast tissue for the detection of disease. Using the principles of full waveform inversion, high-resolution quantitative sound speed and attenuation maps of the breast can be created. In this thesis, we introduce some basic principles of imaging breast disease and the formalism of sound wave propagation. We present numerical methods to model acoustic wave propagation as well methods to solve the corresponding inverse problem. Numerical simulations of sound speed and attenuation reconstructions are used to assess the efficacy of the algorithm. A careful review of the preprocessing techniques needed for the successful …

Recovery Techniques For Finite Element Methods And Their Applications, Hailong Guo

Wayne State University Dissertations

Recovery techniques are important post-processing methods to obtain improved approximate solutions from primary data with reasonable cost. The practical us- age of recovery techniques is not only to improve the quality of approximation, but also to provide an asymptotically exact posteriori error estimators for adaptive meth- ods. This dissertation presents recovery techniques for nonconforming finite element methods and high order derivative as well as applications of gradient recovery.

Our first target is to develop a systematic gradient recovery technique for Crouzeix- Raviart element. The proposed method uses finite element solution to build a better approximation of the exact gradient based …

Applications Of Machine Learning In Biology And Medicine, Saied Haidarian Shahri

Wayne State University Dissertations

Machine learning as a field is defined to be the set of computational algorithms that improve their performance by assimilating data.

As such, the field as a whole has found applications in many diverse disciplines from robotics and communication in engineering to economics and finance, and also biology and medicine.

It should not come as a surprise that many popular methods in use today have completely different origins.

Despite this heterogeneity, different methods can be divided into standard tasks, such as supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised and reinforcement learning.

Although machine learning as a field can be formalized as methods trying to …