Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Electro-Oxidation And Reduction Of H2 On Platinum Studied By Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy For The Purpose Of Local Detection Of H2 Evolution, Seyed S. Jamali, Simon E. Moulton, Dennis E. Tallman, Jan Weber, Gordon G. Wallace

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Electrochemical detection of H-2 using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has shown to hold great promise as a sensitive characterization method with high spatial resolution for active surfaces generating H-2. Herein, the factors contributing to the current that is measured by SECM in generation/collection mode for H-2 detection are studied. In particular, the concentration gradient of H-2 at the substrate, the H-2/H+ recycling between the SECM tip and substrate and hemispherical profile of H-2 diffusion has been discussed. It was postulated that H-2/H+ recycling plays a dominant role in the oxidative current measured in generation/collection mode of SECM when the microelectrode …

Synthesis Of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Via Thermal Treatment Of Graphene Oxide Within Methylimidazole And Its Capacitance Performance As Electric Double Layer Capacitor, Md. Monirul Islam, Shaikh Nayeem Faisal, Anup Kumar Roy, Sonia Ansari, Dean Cardillo, Konstantin K. Konstantinov, Enamul Haque

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Nitrogen-doped graphene was successfully synthesised from graphene oxide (GO) and 2-methylimidazole composite via thermal treatment under argon flow at 700oC within 1h. This synthesised N-doped graphene exhibits homogeneous nitrogen doping with concentration of ~5% in three different nitrogen configuration namelypyridinic N, pyrrolic N and graphitic N. The electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) made up with this N-doped graphene showed excellent specific capacitance 274 F/g at current density of 1A/g, which was ~7 times higher than GO. This EDLC capacitor showed excellent cyclic stability up to 5000 cycles with capacity retention of ~91%.

Protein Nanorings Organized By Poly(Styrene-Block-Ethylene Oxide) Self-Assembled Thin Films, Jenny Malmström, Akshita Wason, Fergus Roache, N. Amy Yewdall, Mazdak Radjainia, Shanghai Wei, Michael J. Higgins, David Williams, Juliet A. Gerrard, Jadranka Travas-Sejdic

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

This study explores the use of block copolymer self-assembly to organize Lsmα, a protein which forms stable doughnut-shaped heptameric structures. Here, we have explored the idea that 2-D crystalline arrays of protein filaments can be prepared by stacking doughnut shaped Lsmα protein into the poly(ethylene oxide) blocks of a hexagonal microphase-separated polystyrene-b-polyethylene oxide (PS-b-PEO) block copolymer. We were able to demonstrate the coordinated assembly of such a complex hierarchical nanostructure. The key to success was the choice of solvent systems and protein functionalization that achieved sufficient compatibility whilst still promoting assembly. Unambiguous characterisation of these structures is difficult; however AFM …

Two-Dimensional Nico2o4 Nanosheet-Coated Three-Dimensional Graphene Networks For High-Rate, Long-Cycle-Life Supercapacitors, Jiang Zhou, Ying Huang, Xiehong Cao, Bo Ouyang, Wenping Sun, Chaoliang Tan, Yu Zhang, Qinglang Ma, Shuquan Liang, Qingyu Yan, Hua Zhang

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

We report the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) NiCo2O4 nanosheet-coated three-dimensional graphene network (3DGN), which is then used as an electrode for high-rate, long-cycle-life supercapacitors. Using the 3DGN and nanoporous nanosheets, an ultrahigh specific capacitance (2173 F g^-1 at 6 A g^-1), excellent rate capability (954 F g^-1 at 200 A g^-1) and superior long-term cycling performance (94% capacitance retention after 14000 cycles at 100 A g^-1) are achieved.

Spatially-Confined Lithiation-Delithiation In Highly Dense Nanocomposite Anodes Towards Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries, Yinzhu Jiang, Yong Li, Wenping Sun, Wei Huang, Jiabin Liu, Ben Xu, Chuanhong Jin, Tianyu Ma, Changzheng Wu, Mi Yan

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Spatially-confined electrochemical reactions are firstly realized in a highly dense nanocomposite anode for high performance lithium ion batteries. The spatially-confined lithiation-delithiation effectively avoids inter-cluster migration and perfectly retains full structural integrity. Large reversible capacity, high rate capability and superior cycling stability are achieved simultaneously. This spatially-confined lithiation-delithiation offers novel insight to enhance cycling performance of high capacity anode materials.

Surface Engineering And Design Strategy For Surface-Amorphized Tio 2 @Graphene Hybrids For High Power Li-Ion Battery Electrodes, Tengfei Zhou, Yang Zheng, Hong Gao, Shudi Min, Sean Li, Hua-Kun Liu, Zaiping Guo

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Electrode materials with battery-like high capacity and capacitorlike rate performance are highly desirable, since they would signifi cantly advance next-generation energy storage technology. [ 1 ] TiO 2 has received increasing attention as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its good reversible capacity and low volume expansion upon lithiation, as well as its low cost and safe lithiation potential. [ 2 ] The low lithium-ion mobility within the crystalline phase TiO 2 , however, together with its poor electrical conductivity, means that only a thin surface layer of the host material is available for Li intercalation at …

Population Accessibility To Radiotherapy Services In New South Wales Region Of Australia: A Methodological Contribution, Nagesh Shukla, Rohan Wickramasuriya, Andrew Miller, Pascal Perez

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

No abstract provided.

A Stochastic And Flexible Activity Based Model For Large Population Application To Belgium, Johan Barthelemy, Philippe L. Toint

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

The VirtualBelgium project aims at developing an understanding of the evolution of the Belgian population using agent-based simulations and considering various aspects of this evolution such as demographics, residential choices, activity patterns, mobility, etc. This simulation is based on a validated synthetic population consisting of approximately 10,000,000 individuals and 4,350,000 households located in the 589 municipalities of Belgium. The work presented in this paper focuses only on the mobility behaviour of such large populations and this is simulated using an activity-based approach in which the travel demand is derived from the activities performed by the individuals. The proposed model is …

Stepping Away From Trend Analyses For Regional Integrated Planning And Modelling, Pascal Perez, Rohan Wickramasuriya, Nam N. Huynh, Hedwig Van Delden

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Strategic regional plans aim to achieve aspirational objectives such as vibrant communities,affordable transport, productive economy and protected natural environments. But planners often lack decision support tools capable of tracking complex dynamic interactions between these various components. Many current regional planning models rely on feed-forward trend analyses. These trends are based on demographic or economic assumptions that lock-in regional growth into a unique pathway. The weaker the initial assumption is, the less plausible the evolution of other components of the regional development. In fact, useful regional planning models need to reproduce the co-evolution of land use, transport, economic and demographic dynamics. …

The Self-Adaptive Context Learning Pattern: Overview And Proposal, Jeremy Boes, Julien Nigon, Nicolas R. Verstaevel, Marie-Pierre Gleizes, Frederic Migeon

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Over the years, our research group has designed and developed many self-adaptive multi-agent systems to tackle real-world complex problems, such as robot control and heat engine optimization. A recurrent key feature of these systems is the ability to learn how to handle the context they are plunged in, in other words to map the current state of their perceptions to actions and effects. This paper presents the pattern enabling the dynamic and interactive learning of the mapping between context and actions by our multi-agent systems.

An Investigation Of The Nanomechanical Properties Of 0.5ba(Ti0.8zr0.2)O3-0.5(Ba0.7ca0.3)Tio3 Thin Films, Zhong-Lan Cai, Zeng-Mei Wang, Huan-Huan Wang, Zhenxiang Cheng, Baowen Li, Xin-Li Guo, Hideo Kimura, Akira Kasahara

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

For practical application, the functional piezoelectric film in microelectromechanical systems should meet the requirement of physical properties, as well as the mechanical properties. In this article, 0.5Ba(Ti0.8Zr0.2)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (0.5BZT-0.5BCT) thin films with varied properties were prepared on (100) Si substrates via a sol-gel technique at different annealing temperatures. The effects of the annealing temperature on the morphology, piezoelectricity, hardness, and elastic modulus were studied. Particular attention was paid to the surface frictional behavior of films, and the changes in the friction force can be radically explained in terms of differences in the hardness/elastic modulus ratio and the residual stress of films. …

Analysis Of Low-Field Isotropic Vortex Glass Containing Vortex Groups In Yba2cu3o7−X Thin Films Visualized By Scanning Squid Microscopy, Frederick Wells, Alexey V. Pan, Renshaw Wang, Sergey Fedoseev, Hans Hilgenkamp

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

The glass-like vortex distribution in pulsed laser deposited YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 − x} thin films is observed by scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscopy and analysed for ordering after cooling in magnetic fields significantly smaller than the Earth's field. Autocorrelation calculations on this distribution show a weak short-range positional order, while Delaunay triangulation shows a near-complete lack of orientational order. The distribution of these vortices is finally characterised as an isotropic vortex glass. Abnormally closely spaced groups of vortices, which are statistically unlikely to occur, are observed above a threshold magnetic field. The origin of these groups …

Significantly Enhanced Critical Current Density In Nano-Mgb2 Grains Rapidly Formed At Low Temperature With Homogeneous Carbon Doping, Yongchang Liu, Feng Lan, Zongqing Ma, Ning Chen, Huijun Li, Shaon Barua, Dipakkumar Patel, Md S. Hossain, S Acar, Jung Ho Kim, S X. Dou

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

High performance MgB₂ bulks using carbon-coated amorphous boron as a boron precursor were fabricated by Cu-activated sintering at low temperature (600 °C, below the Mg melting point). Dense nano-MgB₂ grains with a high level of homogeneous carbon doping were formed in these MgB₂ samples. This type of microstructure can provide a stronger flux pinning force, together with depressed volatility and oxidation of Mg owing to the low-temperature Cu-activated sintering, leading to a significant improvement of critical current density (J_c) in the as-prepared samples. In particular, the value of J_c for the carbon-coated (Mg …

Stimulus-Dependent Differences In Signalling Regulate Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity And Change The Effects Of Drugs In Breast Cancer Cell Lines, Joseph Cursons, Karl-Johan Leuchowius, Mark Waltham, Eva Tomaskovic-Crook, Momeneh Foroutan, Cameron P. Bracken, Andrew Redfern, Edmund J. Crampin, Ian Street, Melissa J. Davis, Erik W. Thompson

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Introduction: The normal process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is subverted by carcinoma cells to facilitate metastatic spread. Cancer cells rarely undergo a full conversion to the mesenchymal phenotype, and instead adopt positions along the epithelial-mesenchymal axis, a propensity we refer to as epithelial mesenchymal plasticity (EMP). EMP is associated with increased risk of metastasis in breast cancer and consequent poor prognosis. Drivers towards the mesenchymal state in malignant cells include growth factor stimulation or exposure to hypoxic conditions.

Methods: We have examined EMP in two cell line models of breast cancer: the PMC42 system (PMC42-ET and PMC42-LA …

The Effect Of Surface Passivation On The Structure Of Sulphur-Rich Pbs Colloidal Quantum Dots For Photovoltaic Application, Victor Malgras, Andrew Nattestad, Yusuke Yamauchi, S X. Dou, Jung Ho Kim

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

The use of PbS colloidal quantum dots in photovoltaic devices is very promising because of their simple and low cost production processes and their unique properties, such as bandgap tunability and potential multiple exciton generation. Here we report the synthesis of PbS nanocrystals used for application in solar cells. The sulphur-rich nature of their surface appears to be caused by the exposure to ambient conditions. The use of methanol as medium during the ligand exchange process has a crucial role in the removal of native oleate ligands. Without proper ligand exchange, the unpassivated surface is subject to ambient hydroxylation leading …

3d-Bioprinting Of Cartilage For Orthopaedic Surgeons. Reading Between The Lines, Claudia Di Bella, Davide Donati, Amanda Fosang, Gordon G. Wallace, Peter F. M Choong

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Chondral and Osteochondral lesions represent one of the most challenging and frustrating scenarios for the orthopaedic surgeon and for the patient. The lack of therapeutic strategies capable to reconstitute the function and structure of hyaline cartilage and to halt the progression towards osteoarthritis has brought clinicians and scientists together, to investigate the potential role of tissue engineering as a viable alternative to current treatment modalities. In particular, the role of bioprinting is emerging as an innovative technology that allows for the creation of organized 3D tissue constructs via a "layer-by-layer" deposition process. This process also has the capability to combine …

3d Hierarchical Porous Graphene Aerogel With Tunable Meso-Pores On Graphene Nanosheets For High-Performance Energy Storage, Long Ren, K N. Hui, K S. Hui, Yundan Liu, Xiang Qi, Jianxin Zhong, Yi Du, Jianping Yang

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

New and novel 3D hierarchical porous graphene aerogels (HPGA) with uniform and tunable mesopores (e.g., 21 and 53 nm) on graphene nanosheets (GNS) were prepared by a hydrothermal self-assembly process and an in-situ carbothermal reaction. The size and distribution of the meso-pores on the individual GNS were uniform and could be tuned by controlling the sizes of the Co3O4 NPs used in the hydrothermal reaction. This unique architecture of HPGA prevents the stacking of GNS and promises more electrochemically active sites that enhance the electrochemical storage level significantly. HPGA, as a lithium-ion battery anode, exhibited superior electrochemical performance, including a …

Injectable Phenytoin Loaded Polymeric Microspheres For The Control Of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy In Rats, Jonathan Jiang, Zhilian Yue, Sebastien Bauquier, Alan Lai, Yu Chen, Karen J. Mclean, Amy J. Halliday, Yi Sui, Simon E. Moulton, Gordon G. Wallace, Mark J. Cook

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder with a high frequency of drug resistance. While significant advancements have been made in drug delivery systems to overcome anti-epileptic drug resistance, efficacies of materials in biological systems have been poorly studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the anti-epileptic effects of injectable poly(epsiloncaprolactone) (PCL) microspheres for controlled release of an anticonvulsant, phenytoin (PHT), in an animal model of epilepsy. Methods: PHT-PCL and Blank-PCL microspheres formulated using an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion solvent evaporation method were evaluated for particle size, encapsulation efficiency, surface morphology and in-vitro drug release profile. Microspheres with the most …

Mass Acquisition Of Dirac Fermions In Magnetically Doped Topological Insulator Sb2te3 Films, Yeping Jiang, Canli Song, Zhi Li, Mu Chen, Richard L. Greene, Ke He, Lili Wang, Xiaowei Chen, Xu-Cun Ma, Qi-Kun Xue

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

We report on the mass acquisition of Dirac fermions by doping Cr into the topmost quintuple layer or into the bulk of Sb2Te3 topological insulator films. By careful investigation of the scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy on the films, we find that the Landau level spectrum keeps a good quality even at a high Cr-doping level, enabling a demonstration of deviation of the zeroth Landau level, induced by the acquisition of a mass term in the surface states in the presence of surface or bulk magnetic doping. The magnitude of the mass term in the surface states increases with increasing Cr-doping level. …

Origin Of The Enhanced Piezoelectric Thermal Stability In Bisco3-Pbtio3 Single Crystals, Lingping Kong, Gang Liu, Shujun Zhang, Wenge Yang

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

BiScO 3 -PbTiO 3 single crystals were reported to possess high piezoelectric coefficient of 1200 pC/N and Curie temperature of > 400°C, exhibiting excellent thermal stability of properties up to 350°C. However, the origin of the thermal stability is yet unclear. In this research, high resolution synchrotron-based technique was used to study the temperature driven structural evolution in BiScO 3 -PbTiO 3 system, where two competing symmetries and local distortion were observed, accounting for the high piezoelectric activity. A strong correlation between thermal stability of structure and temperature-dependent properties was established, which will benefit the design of ferroelectric materials with broad …

Constrained Optimization Of Average Arrival Time Via A Probabilistic Approach To Transport Reliability, Mohammad-Reza Namazi-Rad, Michelle E. Dunbar, Hadi Ghaderi, Payam Mokhtarian

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

To achieve greater transit-time reduction and improvement in reliability of transport services, there is an increasing need to assist transport planners in understanding the value of punctuality; i.e. the potential improvements, not only to service quality and the consumer but also to the actual profitability of the service. In order for this to be achieved, it is important to understand the network-specific aspects that affect both the ability to decrease transit-time, and the associated cost-benefit of doing so. In this paper, we outline a framework for evaluating the effectiveness of proposed changes to average transit-time, so as to determine the …

Exploring Agency Relationship In Transport Service Sector By Analysing Traveller Choice Behaviour, Ahm Mehbub Anwar, A Kiet Tieu, Peter Gibson, Matthew J. Berryman, Khin Than Win, Andrew Mccusker, Pascal Perez

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Examining travellers’ preferences for mode choices to understand a rela-tionship between traveller and transport for New South Wales (TfNSW) from the perspective of agency theory (AT) is the main focus of this paper. This paper emphasises on latent and traditional objective attributes to as-sess the mode choice process within the agency relationship as indicated in AT as a method by which the utility of the principal (traveller) can be max-imised. It is found that the probability of car use is significantly higher than public transport due to mismatch between traveller expectations and present transport services and it indicates an existence …

Pathway Variation Analysis (Pva): Modelling And Simulations, Nagesh Shukla, Sudi Lahiri, Darek Ceglarek

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Maintaining a care pathway within a hospital to provide complex care to patients is associated with challenges related to variations from the pathway. This occurs due to ineffective decision-making processes, unclear process steps, the interactions, conflicting performance measures for speciality units, and the availability of resources. These variations from the care pathway or standard care delivery processes lead to longer patient waiting times and lower patient throughput. Traditional approaches to improve the pathway focus primarily on reducing variations within the care pathway such as bottlenecks or throughput within the pathway rather than examining variations from the care pathway. In this …

A Utility-Driven Approach To Supplier Evaluation And Selection: Empirical Validation Of An Integrated Solution Framework, Alptekin Ulutas, Nagesh Shukla, Senevi Kiridena, Peter Gibson

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Supplier evaluation and selection (SES) problems have long been studied, leading to the development of a wide range of individual and hybrid models for solving them. However, the lack of widespread diffusion of existing SES models in the industry points to a need for simpler models that can systematically evaluate both qualitative and quantitative attributes of potential suppliers while enhancing the flexibility decision-makers need to account for relevant situational factors. Furthermore, empirical validations of existing models in SES have been few and far between. With a view to addressing these issues, this paper proposes an integrated solution framework that can …

An Approach To Plan And Evaluate The Location Of Radiotherapy Services And Its Application In The New South Wales, Australia, Nagesh Shukla, Rohan Wickramasuriya, Andrew Alexis Miller, Pascal Perez

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

No abstract provided.

Mining A System: The Use Of Data Mining And System Dynamics To Explore Technology Integration, Sarah Katherine Howard, Jun Ma, Jie Yang, Kate Thompson

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Abstract presented at the 16th Biennial EARLI Conference for Research on Learning and Instruction, 25-29 August 2015, Limassol, Cyprus

Optimal Urban Development Density Along A Multi-Modal Linear Travel Corridor With Time-Distance Toll Scheme, David Wang, Bo Du

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Consider a travel corridor with a multi-modal transport system (i.e., highway and railway) that connects a continuum of residential locations to a point of CBD. Both highway and railway are subject to congestion effects. All commuters travel along the corridor from home to work in the morning peak hour. The travel costs include travel time, schedule delay and monetary cost. The spatial dynamics of the traffic congestion on both transportation systems are determined by the trip-timing condition, that no traveler will experience a lower travel cost by departing at a different time or switching to a different mode. The flow …

Principles And Experimentations Of Self-Organizing Embedded Agents Allowing Learning From Demonstration In Ambient Robotic, Nicolas R. Verstaevel, Christine Regis, Marie-Pierre Gleizes, Fabrice Robert

SMART Infrastructure Facility - Papers

Ambient systems are populated by many heterogeneous devices to provide adequate services to its users. The adaptation of an ambient system to the specific needs of its users is a challenging task. Because human-system interaction has to be as natural as possible, we propose an approach based on Learning from Demonstration (LfD). However, using LfD in ambient systems needs adaptivity of the learning technique. We present ALEX, a multi-agent system able to dynamically learn and reuse contexts from demonstrations performed by a tutor. Results of experiments performed on both a real and a virtual robot show interesting properties of our …

Electronic Structure And Photocatalytic Water Oxidation Activity Of Rtino2 (R = Ce, Pr And Nd) Perovskite Nitride Oxides, Spencer H. Porter, Zhenguo Huang, S X. Dou, Samantha Brown-Xu, Md. Golam Mahabub Sarwar, Roberto C. Myers, Patrick M. Woodward

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Three perovskite nitride oxides CeTiNO₂, PrTiNO₂, and NdTiNO₂ have been synthesized and their electronic structures and photocatalytic activities characterized and compared to LaTiNO₂. All three compounds have band gaps that fall in the range 2.0 − 2.1 eV, very similar to LaTiNO₂, which enables them to absorb a significant fraction of the visible spectrum. Photocatalytic oxygen evolution studies under visible light irradiation in the presence of a sacrificial electron acceptor (Ag⁺) show that the activity of NdTiNO₂ (16 μmol/g/hr) is comparable to that of LaTiNO₂ (17 μmol/g/hr), …

A Facile Method To Enhance Ferroelectric Properties In Pvdf Nanocomposites, Mohammad Mahdi Abolhasani, Fatemeh Zarejousheghani, Zhenxiang Cheng, Minoo Naebe

Australian Institute for Innovative Materials - Papers

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/nanoclay composites were prepared using melt compounding. The effect of acrylic rubber (ACM) as a compatibilizer on different polymorph formation and on the ferroelectric properties of nanocomposites were investigated. The intercalation and morphological structure of the samples were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The infrared spectroscopy and X-ray analysis revealed the coexistence of beta and gamma crystalline forms in PVDF-clay nanocomposite, while in partially miscible PVDF/ACM/clay hybrids, three polymorphs of alpha, beta and g coexisted. The coefficients of electric field-polarization (E-P) Taylor expansion were calculated based on the Lorentz theory. Using a genetic …